The younkers a' are warned to obey,

An' mind their labours wi' an eydent hand, An' ne'er, though out o' sight, to jauk or play. Burns, Cottar's Saturday Night. jauk (jâk), n. [< jauk, v.] 1. A trifle; trifling; dallying.-2. An idler; trifler. Jamieson. jault, v. i. A former spelling of jowl. jaulingite (you'ling-it), n. [ Jauling (see def.) +-ite.] A mineral resin obtained from the lignite of Jauling in Lower Austria. jaum, jaumb, n. Obsolete or dialectal forms of jamb1.

jaunt, n. [Cf. ML. (AL.) jaunum, jampnum ; < Bret. jaon, jan (Du Cange), furze.] Furze;

jauncet (jäns or jâns), v.

[The verb jounce, q. v., is older, being found in ME.; the later jaunce may be a different word, being appar. OF. jancer, jaunce, jounce (a horse): see jauntl and jounce.] I. trans. To jolt or shake, as a horse by rough riding; ride hard. Also jaunt. II. intrans. 1. To ride hard. Spur-gall'd, and tir'd by jauncing Bolingbroke. Shak., Rich. II., v. 5, 94.

2. To be jolted or shaken up, as by much walking; walk about till much fatigued. See quotation under jaunt1, v. i., 1. jauncet (jäns or jâns), n. [Also jounce, q. v.; from the verb.] A jolting; a shaking up, as by much walking. See quotation under jaunt1, 1. jaunder (jän'- or jân'der), v. i. [Also jauner, jawner, janner (cf. also channer); appar. a freq. of jaunt; perhaps influenced by the partly equiv. daunder, q. v.] To talk idly or in a jocular way.

They war only jokin'; . . . they war just jaunderin' wi' the bridegroom for fun. Edinburgh Monthly Mag., June, 1817, p. 248. To jaunder about, to go about idly from place to place. jaunder (jän'- or jân'dėr), n. [Also jauner, jander; from the verb.] 1. Idle talk; gossip;

Auld Scotland wants nae skinking ware [watery stuff]
Burns, To a Haggis.

That jaups in luggies. jaup (jâp), n. [<jaup, v.] Water, mud, etc., dashed or splashed up. [Scotch.] And dash the gumlie (muddy] jaups up to the pouring Burns, Brigs of Ayr, java (jä'vä), n. [So called from the island of Java.] A breed of the domestic hen, originated in the United States. The javas are of good size and broad and deep shape, and rank well for utility. There are two varieties, the blacks, which have dark legs, and the mottled, the latter being evenly marked black and white, with legs also mottled. Both varieties have upright

javelotiert, n. [<OF. javelotier,< javelot, a small
javelin: see javelot.] Same as javelinier.
head and received them with fight.
The spearmen or javellottiers of the vaward... made
jaw1 (jâ), n. [< ME. jawe, also jowe, geowe, an
Holland, tr. of Livy, p. 264.
alteration (with sonant j for orig. surd ch, as
also in jowl, jar1, jar2, ajar2, and perhaps jam1)
of ME.*chawe,*cheowe, found only in early mod.
E. chawe, chaw, jaw (= OD. kauwe, the jaw of
a fish (Hexam), kouwe, the cavity of the mouth,
Dan. kjave, the jaw); appar. < ME. cheowen,
chew. The form may have been affected by
chewen, mod. E. chew, chaw = OD. kouwen, etc.,
association with jowl, ME. jolle, chaul, etc., and
perhaps with F. joue, cheek.] 1. One of the jaw-box (jâ'boks), n. [< jaw2 + box2.] Same
bones which form the skeleton or framework as jaw-hole. [Scotch.]
of the mouth; a maxilla or mandible; these jaw-breaker (jâ ́brā kèr), n. A word hard to
bones collectively. The jaws in nearly all vertebrates pronounce. [Slang.]
are two in number, the upper and the lower. The upper jaw jaw-chuck (ja'chuk), n. A chuck which has
on each side consists chiefly of the superior maxillary or movable studs on a face-plate, to approach and
supramaxilla, and of an intermaxillary bone or premax-
grasp an object.

3. Something resembling in position or use,
in grasping or biting, the jaw or jaws of an jaw-jerk (jâ ́jérk), n.
animal. (a) Naut., the hollowed or semicircular inner jerk.
end of a boom or gaff. See gaff1, 2. (b) In mach.: (1) One jawless (jâ'les), a.
of two opposing members which can be moved toward or
from one another: as, the jaws of a vise or wrench; the
jaws of a stone-crusher. (2) Same as housing, 9 (a).

4. [<jaw1, v.] Rude loquacity; coarse railing;
abusive clamor; wrangling. [Vulgar.]-Angle
of the jaw. See angle3.-Articular process of the
lower jaw. See articular.-Jaws of death. See death's
door, under death.-To hold one's jaw, to cease or refrain

from talking. [Vulgar. 1-To wag one's jaw, or the jaws.
Same as to wag one's chin (which see, under chin).
jaw1 (jâ), v. [< jaw1, n.] I. intrans. To talk
or gossip; also, to scold; clamor. [Vulgar.]
But, neighbor, ef they prove their claim at law,
The best way is to settle, an' not jaw.
Lowell, Biglow Papers, 2d ser., ii.
There they was [the child and the jay-bird), a jawin' at
each other.
Bret Harte, Luck of Roaring Camp.

devour.

In me hath greefe slaine feare.

I reck not if the wolves would jaw me
Fletcher (and another), Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 2.
2. To abuse by scolding; use impertinent or
impudent language toward. [Vulgar.]
jaw2 (jâ), v. [Appar. connected with javell and
jaup.] 1. trans. To pour out; throw or dash
out rapidly, and in considerable quantity, as a
liquid; splash; dash. [Scotch.]

Tempests may cease to jaw the rowan flood.
Ramsay, Gentle Shepherd, i. 1.

jaw-tooth

3223

jaw-tooth (ja'töth), n. A tooth in the back jay-pie (ja'pi), n. 1. The common jay, Garru-
lus glandarius. [Prov. Eng.]-2. The missel-
part of the jaw; a molar; a grinder.
jaw-wedge (ja'wej), n. A wedge used to tighten thrush. [Prov. Eng.]
jay-piet (ja piet), n. Same as jay-pie.
an axle-box in an axle-guard.
jawyt (jâ'i), a. [< jawi + -y1.] Relating or jay-teal (ja'tel), n.
pertaining to the jaws.

The dew-laps and the jawy part of the face.

=

Gayton, Notes on Don Quixote, p. 42. jay1 (jā), n. [<j+-ay, as in kay, the name of k.] The name of the letter j. It is rarely written out, the symbol j being used instead. jay2 (ja), n. [< ME. jay, OF. jay, mod. F. geai, assibilation of earlier OF. gay, gai = Pr. jai, gai Sp. gayo, a jay, gaya, a magpie; so called from its gay plumage, OF. gai, etc., gay: see gay1.] 1. Any bird of the subfamily Garrulina; specifically, Garrulus glandarius, a common European bird, about 13 inches long, of a gray color tinged with reddish, varied with black, white, and blue, and having the head crested. The jays are birds usually of bright and varied colors, among which blue is the most conspicuous, thus contrasting with the somber crows, their nearest allies. The tail is comparatively long, sometimes extremely so,

European Jay (Garrulus glandarius).

as in the magpie. They are noisy, restless birds, of ar-
boreal habits, found in most parts of the world, reach-
ing their highest development in the warmer parts of

America, where some large and magnificent species are
found. With the exception of the boreal genus Peri-
soreus, the jays of the old and the new world belong to
entirely different genera. The commonest and best-
known jay of the United States is the blue jay, Cyanurus
cristatus or Cyanocitta cristata, a bird about 12 inches long,
with a fine crest, purplish-blue color on the back and
purplish-gray below, a black collar, and wings and tail
rich blue varied with black and white. (See cut under
Cyanocitta.) Another crested species of the United States
is Steller's jay, C. stelleri, resembling the last, but much
The Canada
darker in color, and confined to the west.
jay or whiskyjack, Perisoreus canadensis, is a plain gray-
ish bird. The Florida jay, Aphelocoma floridana, is mostly
gray and blue. The Rio Grande jay, Xanthura luxuosa, is
rich yellow, green, blue, and black. Some birds not prop-
erly belonging to the Garrulina are also called jays, and
some members of this subfamily have other common
names, as the magpies.

And startle from his ashen spray,
Across the glen, the screaming jay.

2t. A loud, flashy

The common teal or teal

=

A

See

duck, Querquedula crecca.
jay-thrush (ja'thrush), n. Any bird of the ge-
nus Garrulax, or of some related genus, as
Leucodioptron or Grammatoptila. P. L. Sclater.
The plant mayweed,
jayweed (ja' wed), n.
Anthemis Cotula. [Prov. Eng.]
jazelt (jā'zel), n. [Cf. Sp. azul E. azure.]
gem of an azure-blue color.
jazerantt, jazerentt (jaz'e-rant, -rent), n.
jesserant.
See jasey.
jazey, n.
jealous (jel'us), a. [Early mod. E. also jelous;
ME. jelous, gelous, gelus, also jalous, < OF. ja-
lous, F. jaloux Pr. gelos = Sp. zeloso = It. ge-
loso, zeloso, <ML. zelosus, full of zeal, < L. zelus,
<Gr. hoc, zeal: see zeal. Cf. zealous, which is
a doublet of jealous.] 1. Full of zeal'; zealous
in the service of a person or cause; solicitous
for the honor or interests of one's self or of an-
other, or of some institution, cause, etc.: fol-
lowed by for.

=

I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts.
1 Ki. xix. 10.
Joel ii. 18.
Then will the Lord be jealous for his land.
2. Anxiously watchful; suspiciously vigilant;
much concerned; suspicious.

I am jealous over you with godly jealousy. 2 Cor. xi. 2.
A soldier,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel.
Shak., As you Like it, ii. 7, 151.
The court was not jealous of any evil intention in Mr.
Saltonstall.
Winthrop, Hist. New England, II. 78.
During the service a man came into neere the middle of
the church with his sword drawne. . . . In this jealous
time it put the congregation into greate confusion.

Evelyn, Diary, March 26, 1687.
Specifically-3. Troubled by the suspicion or
the knowledge that the love, good will, or suc-
cess one desires to retain or secure has been
diverted from one's self to another or others;
suspicious or bitterly resentful of successful
rivalry: absolute or followed by of with an ob-
ject: as, a jealous husband or lover; to be jeal-
ous of a competitor in love or in business, of
one's mistress, or of the attentions of others

toward her.

The Courtesies of an Italian, if you make him jealous of
you, are dangerous, and so are his Compliments.
Howell, Letters, ii. 12.

4t.

The lady never made unwilling war'
With those fine eyes; she had her pleasure in it,
And made her good man jealous with good cause.
Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien.
Fearful; afraid.
My master is very jealous of the pestilence.
Middleton, Your Five Gallants, i. 1.
By the trechery of one Poule, in a manner turned hea-
then, wee were very iealous the Saluages would surprize
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, II. 39.

VS.

5+. Doubtful.
That you do love me, I am nothing jealous.
Shak., J. C., i. 2, 162.
Syn. See envy.

Warton, The Hamlet, Odes, ii. jealous (jel'us), v. t. [Also dial. (Sc.) jealouse, jalous, jalouse, jaloose; jealous, a.] To suswoman. pect; distrust. Some jay of Italy, Whose mother was her painting, hath betray'd him. Shak., Cymbeline, iii. 4, 51. 3. (a) In actors' slang, an amateur or a poor actor. (b) A general term of contempt applied to a stupid person: as, an audience of jays.Blue-headed jay, piñon jay. See Cyanocephalus and Gymnocitta.--Gray jay, any species of the genus Perisothe

reus.

jay-bird (ja' bėrd), n. A jay; especially,
common blue jay of the United States.
A cuckoo of the ge-
jay-cuckoo (jaā'kúk ̋ö), n.
nus Coccystes, as the European C. glandarius.
jayett, n. An obsolete form of jet2.
jayhawk (ja hâk), v. t. [<jayhawk-er, n.] To
harry as a jayhawker.
jayhawker. [Slang, U. S.]

"Say something, Brennet," he cried angrily. "There's
no use in jay-hawking me.'
M. N. Murfree, Where the Battle was Fought, p. 48.
jayhawker (ja ha kér), n. [Said to be so called
from a bird of this name; but evidence is lack-
ing.] 1. In U.S. hist., in the early part of the
civil war and previously, a member of one of
the bands which carried on an irregular war-
fare in and around eastern Kansas.

He and his father are catching the horses of the dead and dying jayhawkers.

G. W. Cable, The Century, XXXIII. 360. 2. A large spider or tarantula, as species of Mygale. [Western U. S.]

are to try.

The brethren and ministers... did very much fear and
jealouse Mr. James Sharp. Wodrow, 1. 7. (Jamieson.)
Will you be good neighbours or bad? I cannot say, Mrs.
Carlyle, in Froude, I. i. 22.
Carlyle; but I jealouse you, I jealouse you. However, we
[< jealous +
jealoushood+ (jel'us-hud), n.
-hood.] A jealous woman; jealousy personified.
La. Cap. Ay, you have been a mouse-hunt in your time;
But I will watch you from such watching now.
Cap. A jealous-hood, a jealous-hood!
Shak., R. and J., iv. 4, 11.
jealously (jel'us-li), adv. With jealousy or sus-
picion; with suspicious fear, vigilance, or cau-
tion.

jee

I am still upon my jealousy, that the king brought thither some disaffection towards me, grounded upon some other demerit of mine, and took it not from the sermon. Donne, Letters, lxxv.

Infinite jealousies, infinite regards,
Do watch about the true virginity.
B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, v. 3.
Specifically-2. Distress or resentment caused
by suspected or actual loss, through the rivalry
of another, of the love, good will, or success
one desires to retain or secure; fear or suspi-
cion of successful rivalry, especially in love.
O, beware, my lord, of jealousy;

It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock
The meat it feeds on: that cuckold lives in bliss
Who, certain of his fate, loves not his wronger;
But, 0, what damned minutes tells he o'er
Who dotes, yet doubts, suspects, yet strongly loves!
Shak., Othello, iii. 3, 165.

And Ielousie that never sleeps for fear
(Suspicions Flea still nibbling in her ear),
That leaues repast and rest, neer pin'd and blinde
With seeking what she would be loth to finde.

Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Furies.
3. The plant Sedum rupestre. [Prov. Eng.]
=Syn. See envy.
Jeames (jēmz), n. [A colloquial form (in Eng-
land) of James, formerly in good use: see
jacki.] A flunky or footman; a lackey. [Col-
loq., Eng.]

That noble old race of footmen is well nigh gone,
and Uncas with his tomahawk and eagle's plume, and
Jeames with his cocked hat and long cane, are passing out
of the world where they once walked in glory.
Thackeray, Virginians, xxxvii.
jean (jan), n. [See jane.] 1t. Same as jane, 1.-
2. A twilled cotton cloth, used both for under-
wear and for outer clothing: commonly, of gar-
ments, in the plural. Also written jane.
You most coarse frieze capacities, ye jane judgments.
Fletcher (and another), Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5.
Clean was his linen, and his jacket blue:
Of finest jean his trousers, tight and trim.
Crabbe, The Parish Register.
He was a tall, lank countryman, clad in a suit of coun-
try jeans.
Tourgée, A Fool's Errand, p. 26.
Satin jean, a thick cotton cloth, a variety of jean, with a
glossy surface: used for shoes and for similar purposes.
Same as gean.
jean-cherry (jen' cher" i), n.
[Prov. Eng.]
jeanette (ja-net'), n. [<jean + ette.] A coarse
kind of jean, employed chiefly for linings.
[NL. (Unger,
Jeanpaulia (jen-pâl'i-ä), n.
1845), appar. so called after some one named
Jean Paul, perhaps Jean Paul Friedrich Rich-
ter.] A genus of fossil plants with flabellate,
deeply dichotomously pinnatifid leaves (the
linear divisions strongly nerved with parallel
veins which branch dichotomously from below),
amentaceous male flowers, and ovate drupa-
ceous fruit. Before the flowers and fruit were known,
these leaf-impressions were regarded as the fronds of cryp-
togamic plants, either as Hydropteridece or as ferns. They
are now recognized as coniferous and as related to the
living genus Ginkgo, of which Jeanpaulia is probably the
ancestral form. It occurs chiefly in the Mesozoic, rang-
ing from the Rhetic to the Cretaceous. Modern writers
are disposed to refer it to Baiera, with which it is prob-
ably identical, and which has priority.

jeantt, n. A Middle English form of giant.
jear1t, v. and n. An obsolete form of jeer1.
See jeer2.
jear2, n.
jeatt, n. An obsolete form of jet2.
jeauntt, n. A Middle English form of giant.
One of a Canaanitish
Jebusite (jeb'u-zīt), n.
nation which long withstood the Israelites. The
stronghold of the Jebusites was Jebus on Mount Zion, a
part of the site of Jerusalem, of which they were dispos-
sessed by David.
[< Jebusite +-ic.]
Jebusitic (jeb-u-zitʼik), a.
Of or pertaining to the Jebusites.
And suited to the temper of the times,
Then groaning under Jebusitick crimes.
Dryden, Miscellanies (ed. 1692), i. 55.
jectourt, n. A Middle English form of jetter.
jecur (jé'ker), n. [L., liver: see hepar.] In
anat., the liver.
jed (jed), n. and v. Same as jad.
Jeddart justice. See justice.
Jeddart staff. See staff.
jedding-ax (jed'ing-aks), n. [Cf. jadding-pick.]
A stone-masons' tool; a cavel.
[A dial. assibilated form of
jedge1 (jej), n.
gage, after OF. jauge: see gage2.] A gage or
standard.-Jedge and warrant, in Scots law, the au-
thority given by the dean of gild to rebuild or repair a ruin-

The strong door sheeted with iron-the rugged stone
stairs... jealously barred. Bulwer, My Novel, xii. 5.
jealousness (jel'us-nes), n. [<ME. jelousnesse,
gelousnes; jealous +-ness.] The state or char-
acter of being jealous; suspicion; suspicious
vigilance. Bailey, 1727.
jealousy (jel'us-i), n.; pl. jealousies (-iz). [Early
mod. E. also jelousy, jelousie; ME. jelousie, jelo-
ous tenement agreeably to a plan.
sie, gelousy, gelousie, gelusie, also jalousie, OF.
gelosie, jalousie, F. jalousie (= Pr. gelosia, gilosia jedge2 (jej), n. and v. A dialectal form of judge.
Same as Jeddart staff (which
Pg. It. gelosia), jealousy, jalous, jealous: Jedwood ax.
see jealous.] 1. The state or character of be- see, under staff).
ing jealous; zealous watchfulness; earnest so- Jedwood justice. See justice.
licitude for that which concerns one's self or jeel, v. i. See geel.
jee2, a., v., and n. See gee2.
others; suspicious care; suspicion.

=

jee

Click! the string the sneck did draw:
And, jee! the door gaed tae the wa'.
Burns, The Vision, ì.
jeel, n.
See jhil.
jeelico (jē ́li-kō), n. [A corruption of angelica.]
Same as jellico, 1. [Prov. Eng.]
jeer1 (jer), v. [Early mod. E. also jear, geare;
prob. MD. scheeren, scheren, jest, jeer, trifle,
a use of the verb due to phrases like den sot
scheeren or scheeren den sot, play the fool, den
gheck scheeren, also den gheck spelen, play the
fool (cf. gheckscherer, a fool); gekscheeren, now
spelled gekscheren, LG. gekkscheren (with equiv.
D. and LG. scheren, jeer, banter, plague, tease),
lit. 'shear the fool' (cf. G. den geck stechen, ban-
ter, tease, lit. 'pierce the fool,' i. e. his skull): D.
gek, MD. gheck = G. geck, > E. geck, a fool (see
geck); MD. sot = E. sot, orig. a fool (see sot);
D. scheren, MD. scheeren, scheren = G. scheren
= E. shear. For shearing as a mark of con-
tempt or disgrace, cf. shaveling, and AS. homo-
la, a shaveling (under hamble, q. v.). For the
change of sh to j, cf. jeltron for sheltron; it may
be due in part, perhaps, to association with jesti,
jibel, joke, etc.] I. intrans. To make a mock
of some person or thing; scoff: as, to jeer at
one in sport.

He saw her toy and gibe and geare.
Spenser, F. Q., II. vi. 21.
Yea, dost thou jeer, and flout me in the teeth?
Shak., C. of E., ii. 2, 22.
And by and by the people, when they met,
Began to scoff and jeer and babble of him,"
As of a prince whose manhood was all gone.

Tennyson, Geraint.

=Syn. Gibe, Scoff, etc. See sneer.
II. trans. To treat with scoffs or derision;
make a mock of; deride; flout.
jeer1 (jēr), n. [< jeer1, v.] 1. A scoff; a taunt;
a flout; a gibe; a mock.

But the dean, if this secret should come to his ears,
Will never have done with his gibes and his jeers.
Swift, The Grand Question Debated.

2t. A huff; a pet.

For he, being tribune, left in a jear the exercise of his office, and went into Syria to Pompey upon no occasion; and as fondly again he returned thence upon a sudden.

North, tr. of Plutarch, p. 721. jeer2 (jēr), n. [Also jear; origin obscure.] Naut., tackle for hoisting or lowering the lower yards of a man-of-war: usually in the plural. jeerer (jēr'èr), n. One who jeers; a scoffer; a railer; a scorner; a mocker.

Tho. He is a jeerer too.
P. jun. What's that?
Fash. A wit.

B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1. jeff1 (jef), v. i. [Origin obscure.] Among printers, to play a game of chance by throwing quadrats from the hand in the manner of dice, count being kept by the number of nicked sides turned up.

jeff2 (jef), n. In circus slang, a rope: usually with a qualifying word: as, tight jeff; slack jeff. Dickens, Hard Times, vi.

jefferisite (jef'èr-is-it), n. [After W. W. Jefferis, of West Chester, Penn.] A kind of vermiculite from West Chester, Pennsylvania. Jeffersonia (jef-ėr-sō'ni-ä), n. [NL. (Bartling, 1821), named in honor of Thomas Jefferson.] A genus of Berberidacea, containing two species of herbaceous plants, one American and one Chinese. These plants have a perennial rhizome, bearing leaves with long stalks and singular, two-divided blades, the solitary flowers borne upon naked scapes. The flower has 4 petal-like sepals, which fall as the bud opens, 8 petals, and 8 stamens. The one-celled and many-seeded capsule opens near the top as if by a lid. J. diphylla, called twinleaf, is an interesting plant, wild in the eastern interior of the United States, its white blossoms, an inch wide, appearing in April or May. From reputed stimulating properties, the plant is sometimes named rheumatism-root. It is also thought to possess tonic and emetic properties.

Jeffersonian (jef-ér-sō'ni-an), a. and n. [Jefferson (see def.) + ian. "The surname Jefferson occurs also as Jeffrison, Jeffreson, Jeaffreson, early mod. E. Jeffreyson, Geffreyson, etc., i. e. Jeffrey's son, Jeffrey, also Geoffrey, Geoffroy, being orig. the same as Godfrey, G. Gottfried, MHG. Gotfrit, Gotevrit, lit. God-peace': see God and frith1.] I. a. Of or pertaining to Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States (1801-9), and the first great leader of the Democratic (first called Anti-Federal and later Democratic-Republican) party; also, adopting the political theories held by or attributed to

Jefferson.

II. n. In U. S. politics, a supporter or an admirer of Thomas Jefferson; one who professes to accept his political doctrines; a Democrat. Jeffersonianism (jef-er-sō'ni-an-izm), n. [< Jeffersonian + -ism.] The political doctrines

3224

advocated by Thomas Jefferson, based upon the
greatest possible individual and local freedom,
and corresponding restriction of the powers of
national government.

Ultimately, Jeffersonianism must have prevailed, but at
the time of its actual triumph it came too soon.
N. A. Rev., CXXIII. 137.

jellify

Jehovah for God: applied to certain passages of the Pentateuch, or to the writer or writers of these passages. Also Jahvistic. See Elohistic.

Jehu (je’hū), n. [In allusion to 2 Ki. ix. 20: "The driving is like the driving of Jehu, the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously."] 1. A fast driver; a person fond of driving. [Colloq.] A pious man... may call a keen foxhunter a Nimrod, and Cowper's friend, Newton, would speak of a neighbour who was given to driving as Jehu.

Macaulay, Comic Dramatists of the Reformation.

jeffersonite (jef'er-son-it), n. [After Thomas
Jefferson, the third "President of the United
States.] A variety of pyroxene occurring in
large crystals, often with uneven faces and
rounded edges, and having a dark olive-green
color passing into brown. It is peculiar in contain- 2. A driver; a coachman. [Colloq.]
ing some zinc and manganese. It occurs, with franklin-
ite, zincite, etc., at Franklin Furnace, Sussex county, New
Jersey.
jeg (jeg), n. [Origin obscure.] One of the tem-
plets or gages used for verifying shapes of parts
in gun- and gunstock-making. E. H. Knight.
jeggett (jeg ́et), n. [Appar. a var. of jigot, gig-
ot.] A kind of sausage. Ash.
Jehoiada-box (je-hoi'a-di-boks), n. [So called
in allusion to the box or "chest" within which
Jehoiada, at the command of Joash, King of
Judah, made collections for the repair of the
temple at Jerusalem (2 Chron. xxiv. 6-11).]
A box, usually of iron, entirely closed with the
exception of a slit in the top, intended to be
used as a savings-bank.

At first it was not without fear that she intrusted herself
to so inexperienced a coachman; "but she soon ... raised
my wages, and considered me an excellent Jehu."
Lady Holland, Sydney Smith, vi.
jehup (jē'up), v. t. A variant form of gee up.
See gee2.

May I lose my Otho, or be tumbled from my phaeton the first time I jehup my sorrels, if I have not made more haste than a young surgeon in his first labour. Foote, Taste, ii. jeistiecor (jes ́ti-kôr), n. A corruption of justeau-corps. Compare justico. [Scotch and North. Eng.]

It's a sight for sair een, to see a gold-laced jeistiecor in the Ha' garden sae late at e'en. . . . Ou, a jeistiecor- that's a jacket like your ain. Scott, Rob Roy, vi. jejunal (je-jöʻnal), a. [< jejunum + -al.] Of or pertaining to the jejunum: as, a jejunal intussusception.

jejune (jë-jön ́), a. [< L. jejunus, fasting, hungry, barren, empty, dry, feeble, poor: see dine.] 1. Scantily supplied or furnished; attenuated;

poor.

In gross and turbid streams there might be contained nutriment, and not in jejune or limpid water. Sir T. Browne. 2. Barren; unfurnished; wanting pith or interest, as a literary production; devoid of sense or knowledge, as a person; dry; uninteresting; shallow.

I now and then get a baite at philosophy, but it is so little and jejune as I despair of satisfaction 'till I am againe restor'd to the Society. Evelyn, To the Dean of Rippon. Farce itself, most mournfully jejune, Calls for the kind assistance of a tune. Couper, Retirement, 1. 711. jejunely (je-jönʼli), adv. In a jejune, empty,

jejuneness (je-jön ́nes), n. 1. Attenuation;

fineness; thinness.

Now all the Jehoiada-boxes in town were forced to give up their rattling deposits of specie, if not through the legitimate orifice, then to the brute force of the hammer. Lowell, Cambridge Thirty Years Ago. Jehovah (je-hō'vä), n. [The common European spelling (with j=y and v = w) of Yehowah or Yahowah, the Massoretic form of the Hebrew name previously written without vowels JHVH (YHWH), the vowels of Adōnāi (which see) being substituted by the later Jews for those of the original name, which came to be regarded as too sacred for utterance. The original name, according to the view now generally accepted, was Yahweh, or rather Yahwe, the name appearing also contracted Yah, separately (see halleluiah), or, as Yah (Jah: see Jah), Yo, Yeho, Yahu, in compound proper names (as, in E. forms, Isaiah, Jeremiah, etc., Joshua, Jeshua, Jesus, Jehoshua: see Jesus), transliterated in late Greek variously 'Iaßé, 'Iavé, 'Iaové. The origin and meaning of the dry, or barren manner. name are unknown. It was formerly referred to the Hebrew root hāwāh, be, exist, and was taken to imply self-existence, 'he that is' ('I am that I am,' Ex. iii. 14; more correctly 'I shall be what I shall be'), or else eternity. Some modern scholars would translate the name as 'he who causes to be,' i. e. the Cre- 2. Barrenness; emptiness; deficiency of interator, while others connect it with an Aramaic est, importance, or knowledge; want of subsense 'fall,' as if he who causes (rain or light- stantial or attractive qualities: as, jejuneness ning) to fall,' this explanation being parallel- of style in a book. ed by similar terms associated with the Greek jejunity (je-jö'ni-ti), n. [< L. jejunita(t-)s, Zeus. Others, in view of the fact that a met-jejunus: see jejune.] Jejuneness; meageraphysical notion like 'self-existence' does not ness; brevity. [Rare.] elsewhere appear in the names of the deities of primitive peoples, regard the Hebrew derivation as a piece of popular etymology (somewhat like that which in English associates the name God with good), and seek to identify Yahwe with some Assyrian or other foreign deity.] 1. In the Old Testament, one of the names of God as the deity of the Hebrews: in the English version usually translated, or rather represented, by "the LORD." See etymology. The Jews, since an early date, have avoided the pronunciation of this name of God, and wherever it occurs in the sacred books have substituted the word Adonai, or, where it comes in conjunction with Adonai,

have substituted Elohim.

Father of all! in every age,
In every clime adored,
By saint, by savage, or by sage,
Jehovah, Jove, or Lord!
Pope, Universal Prayer.

2. In modern Christian use, God.
Jehovist (je-hō'vist), n. [< Jehovah + -ist.] 1.
The supposed author of certain passages of
the Pentateuch in which God is always spoken
of as Jehovah. Also Jahvist. See Elohist.-2.
One who maintains that the vowel-points an-
nexed to the word Jehovah in Hebrew are the
proper vowels of the word, and express the
true pronunciation. The Jehovists are opposed to the
Jehovah are the vowels of Adonai or of Elohim,
Adonists, who hold that the points annexed to the word
See

Adonist, Jehovah.

Jehovistic (je-ho-vis'tik), a. [< Jehovist + -ic.]
Characterized by the exclusive use of the name

There are three causes of fixation: the even spreading both of the spirits and tangible parts; the closeness of the tangible parts; and the jejuneness or extream comminution of spirits. Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 799.

Pray extend your Spartan jejunity to the length of a
Bentley, Letters, p. 261.
competent letter.
jejunum (jē-jö’num), n.; pl. jejuna (-nä). [NL.,
neut. of L. jejunus, dry: see jejune.] In anat.,
the second division of the small intestine, of un-
certain extent, intervening between the duode-
num and the ileum; more fully, the intestinum
jejunum: so named because it was supposed to
be empty after death. See intestine.
Jekyll's Act. Same as Gin Act (which see,
under gin5).

jelerang (jel'e-rang), n. [Native name.] A
species of squirrel, Sciurus javanensis, found in
Java, India, and Cochin-China. It is variable
in color, but commonly is dark-brown above
and golden-yellow below.
jell (jel), v. i. [< jell-y1.] To assume the con-
sistence of jelly. [Colloq.]

The jelly won't jell- and I don't know what to do!
L. M. Alcott, Little Women, ii. 5.
jelletite (jel'e-tit), n. [After M. Jellet, who de-
scribed it.] A variety of lime-iron garnet, of a
green color, found near Zermatt, Switzerland.
jellico (jel'i-kō), n. [A corruption of angelica.]
1. The plant Angelica sylvestris. Also jeelico.
-2. A plant of St. Helena, Sium Helenium,
whose stems are used uncooked for food.

jellied (jel'id), a. [< jelly1 + -ed2.] 1. Brought to the consistence of jelly.-2. Having the sweetness of jelly.

Cleaveland.

The kiss that sips The jellied philtre of her lips. jellify (jel'i-fi), v.; pret. and pp. jellified, ppr. jellifying. [< jelly1 + -fy.] I. trans. To make into a jelly; reduce to a gelatinous state.

jellify

The jeweller nearly fainted with alarm, and poor But-
ter-Fingers was completely jellified with fear.
J. T. Fields, Underbrush, p. 230.
Development had occurred in the various fluid media,

and upon the jellified blood-serum. Medical News, L. 287.

II. intrans. To become gelatinous; turn into jelly.

when cold.

Jellifying is a term applied to soap which, after being
dissolved in a certain quantity of water, sets into a jelly
Watt, Soap-making, p. 235.
jellop (jel'op), n. See jewlap.
jelloped (jel'opt), a. In her., same as wattled.
jelly1 (jel'i), n.; pl. jellies (-iz). [Formerly gelly;
<ME. gely, gele, < OF. gelee, a frost, also jelly,
prop. fem. of gele (< L. gelatus), frozen, pp. of
geler, L. gelare, freeze, congeal: see congeal,
gelid, gelatin.] 1. A viscous or glutinous sub-
stance obtained by solution of gelatinous mat-
ter, animal or vegetable; hence, any substance
of semisolid consistence.

Out, vile jelly [an eye]!
Where is thy lustre now? Shak., Lear, iii. 7, 83.
Were 't not in court,

I would beat that fat of thine, rais'd by the food
Snatch'd from poor clients' mouths, into a jelly.
Fletcher, Spanish Curate, iii. 3.
[Edingtonite] affords a jelly with muriatic acid.
Dana, Mineralogy (1868), p. 417.
2. The thickened juice of fruit, or any gelati-
nous substance, prepared for food: as, currant
or guava jelly; calf's-foot jelly; meat jelly.

Jellies soother than the creamy curd,
And lucent syrops tinct with cinnamon.
Keats, Eve of St. Agnes.

3225

jemmy1 (jemʼi), n.; pl. jemmies (-iz). [Appar.
a particular use of Jemmy, Jimmy, dim. of Jem,
Jim, colloq. abbreviations of Jeames, James.
See jack1, and cf. in first sense billy and betty.
Less prob. due to jimmal, jimmer, forms of gim-
mel, gimmal, gimbal, a double ring, in the obs.
occasional sense of a mechanical device.] 1.
A short crowbar, especially as used by burg-
lars: often made in sections, so as to be carried
without discovery. Also jimmy.

They call for crow-bars-Jemmies is the modern name
they bear.

They burst through lock, and bolt, and bar.
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 117.

2. A sheep's head baked. [Eng.]
She... returned with a ... dish of sheep's heads,
which gave occasion to several pleasant witticisms,
founded upon the singular coincidence of jemmies being a

cant name common to them and . . . an ingenious in-
strument much used in his profession.

Dickens, Oliver Twist, xx.
3. A great-coat. [Prov. Eng.]-4. pl. A kind
of woolen cloth. Jamieson. [Scotch.]
jemmy2 (jem'i), a. and n. [Same as jimmy2,
q. v.] I. a. Spruce; neat; smart; handy; dex-
terous. Also spelled gemmy. [Colloq.]

A cute man is an abbreviation of acute, . . . and signi-
fles a person that is sharp, clever, neat, or, to use a more
modern term, jemmy. Gentleman's Mag., Sept., 1767.
II. n. A sort of boot of fine make.
Buck. Hark'ee, Mr. Subtle, I'll out of my tramels when
I hunt with the king.

Subtle. Well, well.

Buck. I'll on with my jemmys: none of your black bags and jack-boots for me. Foote, Englishman in Paris, i. 3. A mixture of gelatin and glycerin, used as jeneperet, n. An obsolete form of juniper. a medium for mounting microscopic objects.- jenequen (jen ́ē-ken), n. Same as henequen. Jelly of hartshorn. See hartshorn.-Wharton's jelly. jenite (yen'it), n. A different orthography of Same as gelatin of Wharton (which see, under gelatin). jelly2+ (jel'i), a. [Prob. a var. of jolly.1 Excel-yenite: a synonym of ilvaite. lent of its kind; worthy. [Scotch.]

He's doen him to a jelly hunt's ha',
Was far frae ony town.

The Provost o' the town,

jennet1 (jen'et), n. [Also written gennet, genet,
early mod. E. ginnet, genette, ‹ OF. genette, < Sp.
ginete, a nag, also, as orig., a horseman, a horse-
King Henry (Child's Ballads, I. 147). soldier; of Moorish origin, traced by Dozy to Ar.
Zenāta, a tribe of Barbary celebrated for its
cavalry.] A small Spanish horse.
The government is held of the Pope by an annual tribute
of 40,000 ducats and a white genet.
Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 8, 1645.
They were mounted a la gineta, that is, on the light
Prescott.

A jelly man, well worthy of a crown.

Shirrefs, Poems, p. 33.
A bag through which

jeopardy

sonal names being often attached to mechanical contrivances (cf. jack1, jemmy1, betty, etc.); but in the present case there is prob. an allusion to E. dial. jenny-spinner, jinny-spinner, the cranefly, also called in Sc. spinning-Maggie and Jenny Nettles.] 1. A female bird: used especially as a prefix, as in jenny-heron, jenny-howlet, jennyjay, jenny-wren, etc. [Prov. Eng.] Specifically -2. A wren: usually called jenny-wren.-3. A female ass: also called jenny-ass.

Down trots a donkey to the wicket-gate, With Mister Simon Gubbins on his back; ... "Jenny be dead, Miss--but I'ze brought ye Jack; He doesn't give no milk-but he can bray." Hood, Ode to Rae Wilson. 4. A spinning-jenny (which see). jenny-ass (jen'i-às), n. A female ass; a jeuny. jenny-crudle (jen'í-krud'l), n. Same as jenny

wren, 1.

bertianum.

jenny-spinner (jen'i-spin ̋ėr), n. [Also jinnyspinner; Jenny, fem. name (see jenny), + spinner.] The crane-fly. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] jenny-wren (jen'i-ren'), n. 1. A wren. Also jenny-crudle.-2. Herb-robert, Geranium Rojenteryt, n. An obsolete form of gentry. Obsolete forms of gentle. jentlet, jentilt, a. jentmant, n. A gentleman. Davies. Bawawe what ye say (ko I) of such a jentman. Nay, I feare him not (ko she), doe the best he can. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. jeofailt (jef'al), n. [In old law-books jeofaile, repr. OF. je (jeo) faille, I fail, I am mistaken, or j'ai failli, I have failed: je, < L. ego = E. I; ai, 1st pers. pres. ind. of aver, avoir, L. habere E. have; faille, pres. ind., failli, pp., of faillir (see fail).] In law, an error in pleading or other proceeding, or the acknowledgment of a mistake or an oversight.-Statutes of jeofail, the statutes of amendment, particularly an English statute of 1340, whereby irregularities and mistakes in legal proceed. ings are allowed to be corrected or to be disregarded. jeopard (jep ́ärd), v. t. [Formerly also jepard; <ME. jeoparden, juparten, hazard, < jeopardie, jeopardy: see jeopardy.] To put in jeopardy; expose to loss or injury; hazard; imperil; endanger. Er that ye juparten so youre name, Beth noght to hastif in this hote fare. Chaucer, Troilus, iv. 1566. Zebulun and Naphtali were a people that jeoparded their lives unto the death in the high places of the field. Judges v. 18. jenetin, geniton, the term. being conformed to Obviously too well guarded to jeopard the interests of that of hasting (see quotation from Holland), the Spanish sovereigns. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 1. sweeting, and other apple-names, and the first Syn. To peril, imperil, risk. syllable conformed to that of E. Jenkin, Jenny, jeoparder (jep ́är-der), n. One who jeopards or Jinny, etc., from the same ult. source: < OF. puts to hazard. Janet, earlier Jehannet, Jehennet, and Janot, jeopardiset (jep ́är-dis), n. [ME.; as jeopardy Jannot, earlier Jeanot, Jeannot, Jehannot (with+-ise2.] Jeopardy. corresponding fem. Jehannette, Jeannette, Jean- jeopardize (jep ́är-diz), v. t.; pret. and pp. Jehan, etc., ME. Jan, Jon, etc., E. John, a per- -ize; perhaps suggested by jeopardise, n.] To neton, E. Janet, etc.), dim. of OF. Jan, Jean, jeopardized, ppr. jeopardizing. [ jeopard + sonal name; in reference to St. John's apple, jeopard. Also spelled jeopardise. OF. pomme de St. Jean; so called, it seems, because, like a certain pear similarly named Amire Jean, it is ripe in some places as early as St. Joannet, or Joannet, or Jeannette, or Petit St. John's day (June 24th). Cf. ME. pere-ionettes, Jeannot pears (Piers Plowman (C), xiii. 221). The apple called John-apple or apple-john, which jeopardlesst (jep ́ärd-les), a. does not ripen till late in the season, being-less.] Without jeopardy, or hazard or danconsidered in perfection when withered (see apple-john), may owe its name to another cause. See John. The explanation attempted in the perverted form June-eating (through junetin, in Bailey) is absurd.] A kind of early apple.

jelly-bag (jel'i-bag), n.
jelly is distilled.
jellyfish (jel'i-fish), n. A popular name of many jennet of Andalusia-a cross of the Arabian.
kinds of acalephs, medusas, sea-blubbers, or jennet2, n. See genet2.
sea-nettles: so called from the soft, gelatinous
structure. As commonly used, the name applies espe-ing, genniting, geneting, geniting, ginniting, also
jenneting (jen'et-ing), n. [Formerly also jenit-
cially to those discophorous hydrozoans which have an
umbrella-like disk, by the pulsation of which, or its alter-
nate dilatation and contraction, they are propelled through
the water, trailing long appendages, which have the prop-
erty of nettling or stinging when they are touched. Jelly-
fish are often found swimming in shoals in summer, to
the great annoyance of bathers. The different genera and
species are very numerous. Some of the ctenophorans or
comb-jellies are also called by this name. See Acalephæ,
Discophora, Hydrozoa.
jelly-lichen (jel ́i-li ken), n. One of a class of
lichens which dissolve, when wet, into a gelati-
nous pulp. See Collemei.
jelly-plant (jel'i-plant), n. An Australian sea-
weed, Eucheuma speciosum, which affords an ex-
cellent jelly.
jemblet (jem'bl), n.
bal.
For a pare of Jembles for the stoole dore xd,

An obsolete form of gim

Leverton C'hwardens Accts., 1588 (Arch., XLI. 366).

jemidar, jamadar (jem'i-, jam'a-där), n. [Also jamidar, jemudar, jemmidar, jematdar, jemaut dar, < Hind. Pers. jamādār, the chief or leader of any number of persons, an officer of police, customs, or excise, a native subaltern officer, etc., Hind. jamá, jame, amount, aggregate, applied esp. to the debit or receipt side of an account, to rent, revenue, etc. (< Ar. jami, all, jima, union, <jama'a, gather, assemble), + -dar, holding, a holder.] In the army of India, a native officer next in rank to a subadar, or captain of a company of Sepoys; a lieutenant: the name is also applied, in the civil service, to certain officers of police, of the customs, etc., and, in large domestic establishments, to an overseer or head servant having general con

trol of the others.

The Bishop took him into his service as a jemautdar or head officer of the peons. Bp. Heber, Journey through Upper India (ed. 1844), I. 65,

[note. Calliaud had commenced an intrigue with some of the jematdars, or captains of the enemy's troops. James Mill, Hist. Brit. India, III. 175.

jemminess (jemʼi-nes), n. The state of being jemmy or spruce; spruceness; neatness. [Colloq.]

Its fort shall be either convenience or jemminess.

Greville.

hastic kind, or jenitings, continue nothing so long as those
Apple trees live a very short time: and of these the
that bear and ripen later. Holland, tr. of Pliny, xvi. 44.
In July come... plums in fruit, gennitings, quodlins.
Bacon, Gardens (ed. 1887).

Thy sole delight is, sitting still,
With that gold dagger of thy bill
To fret the summer jenneting.
Tennyson, The Blackbird.
Jennie harp. See harp-seal.
jenny (jeni), n.; pl. jennies (-iz). [A familiar
use in various senses of the common fem. name
Jenny, vulgarly Jinny, Jen, Jin, early mod. E.
Jeny, another form of Janie, Janey, dim. of Jane,
< F. Jeanne (< ML. Joanna), fem. of Jean,
LL. Joannes, John: see John. Cf. jenneting.
The spinning-jenny (called in F., after E., jean-
nette) (def. 4) is said to have been so named by
Arkwright after his wife, Jenny; but accord-
ing to a grandson of Jacob Hargreaves, the in-
ventor, it is a corruption of gin, a contraction
of engine (Webster's Dict., ed. 1864). Gin would
easily suggest Jin, Jinny, Jenny, familiar per-

ger.

That he should jeopardize his wilful head
Only for spite at me! Tis wonderful!

Sir H. Taylor, Ph. van Artevelde, II., iii. 11.
Yes, I have lost my honor and my wife,
And, being moreover an ignoble hound,
I dare not jeopardize my life for them.
Browning, Ring and Book, I. 188.
[< jeopard(y) +

eyther in thy power, or ieopardles. J. Udall, On 1 Cor. vii. jeopardoust (jep ́är-dus), a. [ jeopardy + -ous.] Exposed to jeopardy or danger; perilous; hazardous.

Better is it therfore to embrace thys libertie, yf it be

The fore-fronts or frontiers of the two corners [of Utopial, what with boards and shelves, and what with rocks, be jeopardous and dangerous. Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by Robinson), ii. 1. If a man lead me through a jeopardous place by day, he cannot hurt me so greatly as by night. Tyndale, Ans. to Sir T. More. jeopardously+ (jep'är-dus-li), adv. In a jeopardous manner; with risk or danger; hazardously.

jeopardy (jep'är-di), n. [Early mod. E. also jeopardie, jeopërdie, < ME. jepardie, jeopardie, jopardie, jeperdie, jeupardye (appar. simulating OF. jeu perdu, a lost game), more correctly jupartie, jupertie, ‹ OF. jeu parti, lit. a divided game, i. e. an even game, an even chance, < ML. jocus partitus, an even chance, an alternative: L. jocus (> OF. jeu), jest, play, game; partitus (> OF. parti), pp. of partire, divide: see joke and party.] 1. An even chance; a game evenly balanced.