ü German ü, French u.

oi as in oil, joint, boy.

ou as in pound, proud, now.

A single dot under a vowel in an unaccented syllable indicates its abbreviation and lightening, without absolute loss of its distinctive quality. See Preface, p. xi. Thus:

as in prelate, courage, captain.

as in ablegate, episcopal.

as in abrogate, eulogy, democrat.

as in singular, education.

A double dot under a vowel in an unac cented syllable indicates that, even in the mouths of the best speakers, its sound is variable to, and in ordinary utterance actually becomes, the short u-sound (of but, pun, etc.). See Preface, p. xi. Thus: