map we see that Palestine is largely cretaceous, with a volcanic area in Galilee: that eastern Egypt exhibits tertiary features: that the Nile basin is largely alluvial: and that western Egypt is eocene, cretaceous, and miocene. But our learned author does more than to point out existing geological appearances; he studies the history of the several formations, tracing the strata from the earliest periods, sometimes by indisputable physical proofs, sometimes by strong inferences, through the manifold changes of subsequent times, and makes clear the progress of the earth's crust in that portion of the eastern hemisphere. He is also somewhat minute in his studies, being as careful to note the value of a cretaceous stone as to inquire the origin of a hill, and to linger over sediments as over great valleys. In his explorations of Palestine he differs somewhat from other travelers respecting the character or age of the formations, but is careful to support his difference by arguments of commanding strength. For instance, while Hull attributes the hill on which Jaffa stands to the eocene period, Dawson attributes it to the miocene, or an earlier date. We regret that he did not deem it his province to attempt to settle some of the scientific problems of Palestine, since they are intimately related to certain biblical histories; but he is not a theorizer, nor an hermeneutical scholar, and so leaves such matters to those whose business it is to establish them. This is a book of great value; its scientific spirit is genuine; its geology is reliable, and as an aid to a better understanding of lands in which Christians are always interested it is quite indispensable.

A Latin Dictionary for Schools. By CHARLTON T. LEWIS, Ph D., Editor of Lewis and Short's Latin Dictionary. 8vo, pp. 1,191. New York: Harper & Brothers. Price, $6.

It is not enough to say that this dictionary should enter the school, though this is high praise; it should be found in the study of the scholar, as the best of its kind, and as a sufficient aid in reading Latin literature. If it is not a complete dictionary of the Latin language, it may truly be said such a dictionary is not wanted; if it does not elaborate every word, giving its history, changes, and indefinite variations of meaning, it may be said that this is another recommendation of its utility. As to mere size, the book is large enough; as to contents, it is ample enough; as to mechanical preparation, it is substantial enough; as to scholarship, it is unquestionable; as to availability, the tests already applied to it insure it against objection; and as to general responsibility, the fact that the Messrs. Harper have issued it is quite sufficient to awaken all confidence. If one wishes to examine it for himself, one needs but to open it anywhere to find it answering one's purpose. Such words as exigo, ipse, magnus, potestas, servio, triplex, verbum, etc., give a good idea of the style, and treatment by the author. The work was not prepared hurriedly or with. out consultation with scholars: it comes forth with no apology and with no marks of feebleness or haste. To those who must have a dictionary of the strong language of the Romans we recommend this as without a superior.

American Weather. A Popular Exposition of the Phenomena of the Weather, including Chapters on Hot and Cold Waves, Blizzards, Hailstorms, and Tornadoes, etc. Illustrated with thirty-two Engravings and twenty-four Charts. By Gen. A. W. GREELY, Chief Signal Officer, United States Army. 12mo, pp. 286. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. Price, cloth, $2.

At last the weather has a scientific expositor for American readers. It is not a dry subject in the hands of General Greely, who writes eloquently and accurately of temperature, humidity, and evaporation; winds, fog, cloud, rain, snow, storms, cold waves, heated terms, and all the phenomena of atmospheric pressure and movement. If the book were a mere catalogue of facts relating to the atmosphere it were invaluable; but in addition, it unfolds the laws that govern its phenomena, and upon which predictions of changes in heat and cold, moist and dry weather, are made. The charts printed in the book aid the reader without much study in comprehending the force and range of currents of air, the rise and fall of the barometer, and the general methods of interpreting the weather. Of all material things the weather was formerly supposed to be the most capricious in the domain of law; but we now know that the zephyr and the cyclone, the east wind and the trade-wind, the autumnal equinox and the Dakota blizzard, are all the products of laws as well established and as useful when known as the laws of astronomy or chemistry. The book commends itself, and should be consulted by every intelligent reader.

HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, AND TOPOGRAPHY.

History of Co-operation in the United States. Vol. VI. 8vo, pp. 540. Published Under the Auspices of the Johns Hopkins University. N. Murray, Publication Agent, Baltimore.

Five patient and scholarly writers unite in the preparation of the papers that constitute this volume. It is the sixth volume of a series of university studies in historical and political science, the whole being under the editorial supervision of Herbert B. Adams. By co-operation is meant, not the reconstruction of industrial society, such as occupied the thought of Charles Kingsley and Frederick D. Maurice, but such an evolution in economic life as will improve the physical condition and increase the profitsharing of the laboring classes. Hence these writers confine themselves to the practical working of co-operative systems and methods, pointing out the causes of failure where there has been failure, and emphasizing by teaching and illustration the causes and conditions of success. Dr. Bemis amplifies "co-operation as he sees it in New England and the Middle States; Dr. Shaw microscopes it in the West; Mr. Shinn hurrahs for it on the Pacific Coast; and Dr. Randall exhibits it in the South. Advocates as they are of this experiment in business life, they treat it simply as a matter (p. 249) of financial advantage and social convenience. It is not proposed as a remedy for every thing. It will not interfere with private property, marriage, the family, or any of the rights of man. Its lim

itations so understood, we can see that it will take from the monopolist undue power, increase the self-respect and financial gains of the poor laborer, and solve a problem in social economy that theoretical economists have been unable to determine. Co-operation will not introduce the millen nium; but when in full operation as a common fact, the poor man will think himself in paradise. This work is elaborate, and wonderfully sug. gestive to economist, capitalist, student, and the distressed classes.

Old Concord. Her Highways and Byways. By MARGARET SIDNEY. Illustrated. 4to, pp. 114. Boston: D. Lothrop Co. Price, gilt-edge, $3.

Although not exactly a diary of perambulations in and around the historic town of Concord, the book so partakes of the readiness and vivacity of the sightseer as to be winning in almost every particular. While writing in a leisurely way, because her observations and studies were not hurried, the author seems to reserve more than she gives, furnishing synoptical and suggestive rather than complete and overburdened results of inspection and reflection. A rehearsal of military events in the colonial days, with touches of bravery on the part of mothers, sons, and fathers; an instantaneous glimpse of Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Emerson, with brief allusions ́to their life-work, and an unsurfeited amount of the ordinary incidents of travel, make up the body of this book. Perhaps the conservative town deserves the description given of it; but one feels as he turns the pages that some of its illustrious citizens should have received larger recognition than is here accorded. From its streets came the hero, the novelist, the philosopher, all great, all dead, all dear to the living.

Romanism versus the Public School System.

By DANIEL DORCHESTER, D.D. 12mo, pp. 351. New York: Hunt & Eaton. Cincinnati: Cranston & Stowe. Price, cloth, $1 25.

When Dr. Dorchester speaks or writes on a subject involving facts, historic associations, statistical results, and justified inferences he deserves to be immediately heard. Ample in resources, with a wide range of scholarship, and unbiased in purpose, except as patriotism, education, and religion are allowed to be regulative influences in thought, speech, and action, he usually comes forth with something to say to the American people, and they should gladly pause at his words. Though not an alarmist, his book will startle the country, since it places fairly and squarely the political and religious elements of Romanism in antagonism with the American public school system, which is a feature of our civilization. The book does not create an issue but states it. The existence of the issue has been recognized more or less for years; but, aside from local controversies over the Romish idea, little or nothing has been done to check its growth or forestall its possible success. Dr. Dorchester, regarding Bishop Hughes as the initiatory champion of the struggle, traces its history in attempts at compromise, in Romish claims upon public school funds, in assaults upon constitutions by proposed amendments, and in the enlargement and multiplication of parochial schools in the United

States, with the underlying purpose to destroy the general system of education in the country. In discussing the questions involved in the contest the author is forcible in diction, statesmanlike in statement, defending the American system against all schemes of compromise with a logic that patriotism sets on fire, and affirms his conclusions with a positive conviction that must abash his foes. Not the least important portion of the work is his exhibition of the pretensions of Rome as an educator, which should satisfy the reader that the hierarchy cannot be trusted even to share in, much less to control, the education of American youth. So indisputable are his facts and figures, so trustworthy are his statements and references, so imperious and unanswerable is his logic, and so strong and convincing the whole argument, that we doubt if it meet with a reply from the opponents of the American system. On the other hand, it ought to arouse the people to such a pitch of enthusiasm as will lead them to destroy the system that has for its chief object the overthrow of one of the pillars of good government in this country.

The Old North-west. With a View of the Thirteen Colonies as Constituted by the Royal Charters. By B. A. HINSDALE, Ph.D., Professor of the Science and Art of Teaching, University of Michigan; Author of Schools and Studies, and Editor of The Works of James Abram Garfield., 8vo, pp. 440. New York: Townsend MacCoun. Price, cloth, $2 50.

Few historical works covering any portion of our federal history contain more available material or more succinctly evidence the facts thereof, with their antecedents and consequents, than this masterly volume of Professor Hinsdale. Well endowed with both historic insight and foresight, he had in view in its preparation the past, present, and future of the vast territory of our country known to the ordinances as the "Northwest." Recognizing the geographical and historical unity of the territory, the rapid development of its resources, its evidently increasing political strength, and its radically aggressive purpose in education, reform, and religion, he has sought to exhibit the formative forces in its development in a delightfully non-partisan but careful and reliable way. Discussing first the dominance of French influence in the territory, he records its overthrow by England, from whose avaricious grasp the prize is rescued by the United States, of which it became an integral and sovereign part one hundred years ago. In this recital of struggle and progress he does not altogether pursue the well-beaten track of the historian; for while he depends upon the usually accessible original documents, he makes such independent use of them, and obtains so much supplemental information from other sources, as to make his book unlike all others on the subject, and as romantically interesting as it is true. Much of what he narrates, especially since the North-western States were organized and admitted into the Union, can be verified by living witnesses, as well as by official papers. While it is not a sectional book, the reader will feel that the old North-west is a waking giant, with power sufficient to control the nation, and that in the near future it will be in command of the affairs of government. The East is stereotyped by neces

sity; the South is conservative from education; the great West is expansive, radical, hospitable, a unit in its policies of progress, a believer in its manifest destiny. Such a book indexes the drift of things and locates the possibilities of national greatness.

Down the Great River. An Account of the Discovery of the True Source of the Mississippi, together with Views, Descriptive and Pictorial, of the Cities, Towns, Villages, and Scenery on the Banks of the River, as Seen during a Canoe Voyage of Over Three Thousand Miles from its Head-Waters to the Gulf of Mexico. By Captain WILLARD GLAZIER, Author of Soldiers of the Saddle, Battles for the Union, Heroes of Three Wars, Ocean to Ocean on Horseback, etc. Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 443, liii. Philadelphia: Hubbard Brothers. Price, cloth, $2; half morocco, $3; morocco, $4.

American geography is undergoing revision as explorers explore our vastnesses, navigators navigate our principal rivers, and travelers compass our plains and mountains. Neither De Soto, La Salle, Schoolcraft, nor Nicollet discovered the sources of all our rivers, the extent of all our valleys, or the greatness of all our mountain systems. We must therefore expect correction of their figures, and modification of their reports, as new data are obtained and new explorers, with vastly increased facilities, go farther and survey more accurately and comprehensively. This book overthrows the commonly received opinion that Lake Itasca is the source of the Mississippi River. The author ventures a claim of discovery, based on actual exploration of the river, which deserves faithful study. A man of wide experience in travel, accustomed to the hardships of out-door life, scientifically thoughtful in his observations, and dissatisfied with the reports of former tourists, he undertook to ferret out the origin of the great river. It was not a riddle that he tried to solve, but a geographical fact he wished to find. After many days of searching and inquiring he stakes his reputation as a discoverer on the announcement that the source of the river is a lake south of Lake Itasca, and which through the courtesy of his friends now bears the name of Lake Glazier. There is much in this book besides this discovery relating to the experiences of a canoe voyage down the river which will interest the reader; but its chief value is the alleged discovery of the final source of the Mississippi. We are not in a position to refute or indorse the claim; but we commend it to the careful review of the geographer, the map-maker, and the citizen who wishes to be familiar with the geographical researches of our country.

Samuel Irenæus Prime. Autobiography and Memorials. Edited by his Son, WENDELL PRIME. 8vo, pp. 385. New York: Anson D. F. Randolph & Co. Price, cloth, $1 75.

History relates to events, biography to instruments, though both are interesting elements in the world's progress. So eminent a divine, pastor, editor, and author as Dr. Prime owed to his age and country this autobiography, which, editorially supervised by his son, is an exhibition of preparation, difficulty, successes, and honors that usually accompany and crown the diligent and faithful life. Like all great and influential men, Dr. Prime was not the property of sect, or country, or age; he belonged to the Church