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will be decently carried to the morgue. But they cannot help you, they cannot prevent the sunstroke. Now, in a city laid out like Boston, where the streets follow the slopes of the hill or the curve of the shore, an intelligent person may elect by what route he shall go from one point to another, and how he may exempt himself from disagreeable contingencies, perhaps fatal contingencies. L'Enfant had the wit to adapt his city to both the systems. For the convenience of the mathematicians he laid out the gridiron city, where A BCDEFG, etc., represent the streets which run east and west; and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, etc., represent the streets which run north and south. But L'Enfant was a man of affairs-in a way he was a prophet-and he said to himself, "For what is this city built?" Answered by his good angel, "It is built to pro

vide for the administration of a great Nation." "What is the first requisition ?" Answer, "That each department of the administration may communicate easily with every other."

After receiving these inspirations, L'Enfant placed on good places, as Nature had designed them, the points where the Capitol should be, where the NavyYard should be, where the Court-House should be, where the President's home should be, and where the Departments of State, of War, and of the Treasury should be. In those days the Navy Department was a part of the War Department. Men did not yet look forward to the Peace Department, as we do now, nor had the Patent Office nor the Post-Office nor the Agricultural Department developed themselves. But, lest they should develop themselves, L'Enfant reserved squares or circles for

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them. Then on his plan he supposed that the President might wish to send his veto or his approval with the utmost speed to the Capitol, and so he drew in Pennsylvania Avenue from the President's house to the Capitol. He sup posed that haste might be required from the Capitol to the Navy-Yard, and so he drew in an avenue there. In like manner he supposed that from each of his circles and squares to another people might wish to go directly, and he drew in avenues in other places. So is it that you have a double plan, of avenues extending northeast, southeast, northwest, southwest, like the legs of a tarantula or other spider, making one plan, while the gridiron system, which is a system of so-called streets, makes another. This is the plan of to-day. Whoever writes the sequel to this paper in the year 1951 can explain what now exists in plaster in one of the rooms of the Smithsonian Museum, the additions which hopeful people expect to make as this half-century goes on.

There seems to be no doubt that Washington and his commissioners, and L'Enfant as well, supposed that the principal residents of the city, with the single exception of the President, should fix their homes on the high plateau north and east of the Capitol. It is exactly suited for what the modern world calls the "residential " quarter of the city. Washington himself built his own house near the Capitol, just to the north of it, on this plateau. Pennsylvania Avenue, from the infant Capitol to the infant White House, although running through what was very nearly a swamp, furnished cheaper lots. Naturally, as most business was done at the Capitol and at the White House, the most of what our native language calls "travel" went over that highway, and tradition says that this is the reason why the city extended itself in that direction and did not take possession of what was meant to be the "residential" region. If you say this to a man from the Middle States or the West, he hardly listens to you, he is so eager to say to you that all cities always grow to the west in America. This is rather a curious superstition which exists in this Nation, built perhaps upon Berke

ley's famous line, "westward the star of empire takes its way." These things are what Western men say to you, as Herodotus says.

You will perhaps let me say in passing that my first acquaintance with that unknown land east of the Capitol, where the city of elegance was to have been, was formed when I was taken there in October, 1844, to attend the funeral of Adam Lindsey. This seemed so much like stepping into one of Scott's novels to bear my part there that I cannot help telling the story. In the days of the old French Revolution, when Robert Burns mixed himself up in French politics, and other young Scotchmen with him, the Tory Government of England pounced upon a lot of those young fellows and frightened them badly-I guess with reason. Among them was my Adam Lindsey, who fled to America, and here he thought he would be a marketgardener in the new city, and he bought his land in those "residential " quarters. He was some four generations from the Adam Lindsey who befriended Mary Queen of Scots at Lochleven, and, so to speak, I shook hands with the old Adam Lindsey of five or six generations before. They told me, and believed, that the succession had been for all these generations in the same name.

It requires a little vigor of the imagination to divine precisely the place of Colonel Jack's home. But he says himself, "It was our lot to be carried up a small river or creek which flows into the Potomac River about eight miles from the Great River." I think that General Butler thought that it said about eight miles from the Great Falls. advances Colonel Jack was carried to another plantation larger than that where he worked before, so that the reader may imagine, if he chooses, that he lived on Capitol Hill. Here he lived between five and six years. He then was established on three hundred acres of land.

Every one feels the difficulty of remembering the mathematical and alphabetical names of streets. In 1844 a few of us devised a system of names for the streets, which have been waiting for sixty years for confirmation by the various governments of the city. A, B, C,

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stable, and in that stable we kept our COW. The house stood where Mr. Pollock afterwards built a palace which is there to-day, at the corner of I and Seventeenth Streets. It was opposite General McCoomb's house. For our one servant we had a dear old saint named Josephine Cupid, whose color may be guessed at from her name. The business of the housekeeping began when Josephine milked our cow in the morning, and then opened the stable door and drove her out to pasture. She came up by what would now be Connecticut Avenue to an open common, ten times as large as Boston Common is to-day, and there the cow spent her day with two or three hundred of her race and sex, eating such grass and drinking such water as a grateful nation and a good God provided. I doubt if the quantity of the food weighed heavily upon her stomach or her conscience. At all events, before night the memories of the stable came back to her, and half an hour before sunset she would be heard at the door. This means that in 1844 land was not of value sufficient north and west of that corner to be inclosed. Who owned it I do not know. Uncle Sam owned some circles and squares there. But the anecdote occurs to me

because I have been writing the begin ning of these memories in a closely built part of the town, quite in the heart of Josephine's cow's rampaging ground, which is to say, I suppose, about a mile from our stable. The city has grown, in those sixty years, from a mud-hole which had thirty thousand people, perhaps, within its borders, to a city of two hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants.

The only part of this common which was fenced in must have been near where the British Embassy is now. We called it the gymnasium, I think. That was the high-sounding name for a bowling-alley which the young men kept up. I remember one afternoon we persuaded Mrs. Madison, who was still alive, to visit us there, and with great effort she got a ball down the middle of the alley and was complimented on her knocking down the king. President Tyler came over and played with the young gentlemen sometimes. Everything had the simplicity and ease, if you please, of a small Virginia town. Whenever the weather would serve, a great many of the Southern members of the House or the Senate rode to the Capitol on their saddle-horses. There were thirty or forty posts in front of the Capitol near where the statue of Washington now stands.

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