seum, the members of the Natural History Society, and other scientific gentlemen. From an examination of the inscription on the case in which it was contained, the Rev. Dr Hincks of Killileagh announced that the mummy was that of a female named Kabooti, the daughter of a priest of Ammon at Memphis. She was unmarried, and, although not more than from 25 to 30 years of age, had survived both her parents. The measurements and development of the organs mentioned in the annexed Table, were taken by my friend Mr Grattan and myself, the ensuing morning. The measurements may be relied on, but the development may not, in every instance, be correctly stated, from the want of that extensive practice by which alone perfect accuracy can be obtained..

As the remarks on the probable character of the individual were written for an audience few of whom had given any attention to the study of Phrenology, all the terms peculiar to that science have been sedulously avoided, and the subject has been illustrated by reference to the works of some of our most popular authors.

The orphan female under our consideration would be a general favourite with her companions, both from the affectionate nature of her disposition, and from her wish to gain their approval. In her childish sports she would most sedulously avoid danger. To her parents she would yield almost undeviating submission: deeply would she deplore their loss; but her mind would, in time, gradually regain all its former elasticity. Her destitute condition as an orphan might suggest gloomy anticipations of the future; but these, when they arose, would soon be dispelled by Hope, and her affections would entwine themselves around new objects of interest. Highly social in her disposition, and attached to her native city, she would regard with pride the everlasting pyramids and other works of her countrymen, and say in her heart, " This is my own, my native land." The accumulation of wealth would to her not be a permanent object, but "troops of friends" would be indispensable. Those friends would not be such as pay homage only to superior talents or superior worth brought prominently forward: they would be won by her unobtrusiveness, and attracted by the estimable qualities that lay concealed within. Excessive diffidence would pervade her general behaviour, but on occasions this would be thrown aside, and a firmness of purpose previously unsuspected would suddenly be displayed. Like Desdemona, she would act with decision when the time for decision had arrived, and to Kabooti, as well as to the gentle daughter of Brabantio, might the description of the poet have been applicable :

"A maiden never bold;

Of spirit so still and quiet that her motion
Blush'd at herself."

Othello, Act I. Scene 11.

But although such would be her general demeanour, she would not be incapable of resentment; and when once thoroughly roused, a spectator might justly describe her in terms similar to those applied by Benedict to Beatrice,

"She speaks poignards, and every word stabs."

Much ado about Nothing, Act II. Scene 11.

Her general backwardness would not be unmixed with pride; for nothing is more certain than that pride is not incompatible with bashfulness. Though kind to her friends and most affectionate towards children, benevolence abstracted from those individuals would be but little displayed in her conduct. The noble avowal of the poet,

"Homo sum, et nihil humanum ad me alienum puto," would touch no responsive chord within her breast. To Isis and Osiris she would pay the deepest and most reverential ho

mage: the magnificence of their temples would dwell in her recollection, the legends of their power would be received with unsuspecting credulity, and the music which breathed from i Memnon's statue would, to her ear, be the voice of a divinity. None amid the inhabitants of Memphis would yield more entire obedience to the commands of the priests, none celebrate with more devotional feeling the festival in honour of Apis, wail with more real grief the supposed death of the god, or hail with sincerer joy the prospect of his reappearance. If she lived at the time when Cambyses, with his victorious army, entered Memphis, slew the sacred ox, the representative of Apis, and scourged the priests who were attendant on the god, she would be horrified at impiety so glaring. Had the conqueror, desirous of winning a daughter of the priest of Ammon from the religion of her fathers, offered to her the greatest riches and honours he could confer, she would have unhesitatingly rejected them all. Had he threatened her with punishment-nay, even with death -for her obduracy, she would have been equally unmoved. Neither promises nor threats would, in this instance, have produced even a wavering in her determination, While her mind possessed the high and varied principles of action which I have been describing, it must have been deficient in all those imaginative powers which exalt and embellish life. Music and poetry would be to her all "sound and fury, signifying nothing." could well detect the difference in the forms of external objects, but these, however familiar to her, would not, in her mind, be associated with numerous trains of bright and glowing fancies. A flower consecrated to the gods, might, for that reason, be valued; but, in other cases, she would resemble the individual portrayed by Wordsworth:

"The primrose by the river's brim
A yellow primrose was to him,
And it was nothing more."

She

The methodical arrangement of time or occupation which has been so frequently recommended, would not be adopted by her. The events which took place before her eyes would be well remembered, and she would, in referring to them, be apt to mention that they were preceded or followed by others which she would name; but she would probably not adopt for her ordinary chronological computation the custom which prevailed in Egypt, of designating the year by the number of those of the reigning monarch. Under favourable circumstances she might have become a naturalist; as such she would veraciously have recorded facts, but in the descriptions which we may conceive her to have written, the rich and imaginative diction which Humboldt has shed over the most scientific disquisitions would have been totally wanting.

Such appear to have been the characteristics of this Egyp tian girl, so far as they can be deduced from her skull, and on the presumption that the organic constitution of her brain was good. But, ignorant as we are of the training of children in ancient Egypt, and of the degree in which their religious opinions tended to excite particular faculties, it would be rash to affirm that the foregoing remarks may not be erroneous in some of their minor details. titud non ell

CIVILIZATION.:

J

SOCIAL civilization is the intellectual and moral improvement of the individuals of which a nation is composed. The progress of a nation in civilization must, therefore, keep even pace with the degree of approximation of its members to that use of the faculties of man for which these faculties were bestowed, for civilization is essentially that right use. These faculties are in abuse, in different degrees, directly as the animal propensities preponderate over the right-regulated intellectual faculties and moral sentiments. Of three eras or stages in man's history, namely, the Savage, the Barbarous, and the Civilized, this animal preponderance distinctly marks the first and second. The ancients adopted a tripartite division also, two eras of which they considered as past, the golden age of innocence and peace, in other words, of pure morality; the silver age, of a deteriorated morality; and their own period of moral degeneracy, which they termed the iron age. While we deny the golden age as ever having been, and the silver age as even yet past, we admit the age of iron as an accurate character of ancient times and all that had preceded them; and we have no objections to adopt the characteristic names of the Golden, Silver, and Iron ages, only inverting the order adopted by the ancients. The Iron age is the infancy of society. It divides itself into the Savage and the Barbarous, with a sort of analogy to the legal division of nonage into pupilarity and minority. Savage life is unqualified animalism, as is well testified by all our nautical discoverers. It is difficult to trace in their descriptions of the dispositions and conduct of savages, excepting perhaps attachment to their young, any thing higher than sensuality, cunning, covetousness, revenge and cruelty, pride, vanity, obstinacy, and superstition. act of well-distinguished and unmixed benevolence is rarely to be found recorded of the savage; and if he manifests the

An

faintest perception of justice, his Conscientiousness operates in invariable combination with an inordinate Self-Esteem, which demands justice, but makes no return of it. The feeblest endow ment of Conscientiousness is adequate to this selfish feeling of justice; while the rights of others are unsafe in its hands, it complains bitterly of the slightest invasion of its own. The oc cupations of the savage, after he has constructed his hut with its rude furniture, his weapons, his canoe, his dress and orna ments, are, scarcely with any variation, destructive. Without agriculture, he gathers the spontaneous fruits of the earth, and destroys wild animals for food; and, when in a very low and ferocious savage state, he devours his fellow-men. Gorged with food, he sleeps, or lies in lethargic ease, till the instinct of food rouses him to take his bow and lance for fresh destruction. Excited by offended Self-Esteem, his Destructiveness becomes active; and revenge, another word for the combination of these two impulses, impels him to destroy his enemy in war. He is proud and vain of his prowess, valour, and address; and glory, the aim of the savage's Self-Esteem and Love of Approbation, prompts him to fight even when he has no injury to revenge. He is not yet ambitious, or desirous of conquest,the result of Ac quisitiveness added to the love of glory, for his enemy offers him nothing to plunder but his scalp; territory is not yet an object of desire or appropriation, beyond a new settlement of his tribe in better hunting ground, after he has dispossessed, by destroying them, the former occupants. Covered with glory and blood, the savage feasts, and eagerly seeks the luxury of intoxication, if he possesses the fermented liquor or the drug, and falls down in sleep and lethargy. His very love is sometimes mixed with Secretiveness and Combativeness. He carries off his bride by cunning and force: the New Hollander steals towards the woman he courts, springs upon her like a wild-cat, stupifies her with blows, and in that state drags her home. The government instrument is the club of the strongest savage, the ipso facto chief, the origin, by the way, of the mace of the Lord Chancellor.

The Barbarous period of the iron age may be said to date its commencement with the rude culture and appropriation of land, and the building of cities. Tradition never begins earlier, for savages leave no records. We know nothing of the Jews, Greeks and Romans as savages. We have a glimpse of Nimrod as a mighty hunter, but we find him and his daughter building the walls of Nineveh. We have no better than a hazy picture of the naked and painted bodies of our own British ancestors, not from themselves, but in the descriptions of a more advanced people who visited and subdued them. The patriarchs were shepherds with territory, flocks, and herds, while cities abounded around