proof in favour of Phrenology; 3d, That comparative anatomy furnishes evidence against Phrenology; 4th, That phrenologists admit no such faculty as Memory; and 5th, That consciousness is insulted by phrenologists, because they do not admit it to be a faculty of the mind. These objections are ably and conclusively replied to in The Annals of Phrenology, where the ignorance and laughable dogmatism of the objector are made abundantly manifest. We extract a short specimen of his remarks. "If it be maintained," says he, " that the mind operates by means of the brain, we throw the burden of proof on the physiologist, and demand positive demonstration of the fact; for we are by no means satisfied with the evidence hitherto adduced in support of it." It is much to be feared, that while this sceptical frame of mind continues, no evidence in addition to what is already accessible to him will be "positive" enough to make him change his opinion.-The article is characterized, as usual with such productions, by vague, declamatory, and sweeping assertion, and a plentiful lack of knowledge of the doctrines assailed. The writer has inserted another paper on the subject in The New England Magazine for March; where, among other modest things, he says, "I am convinced that my reasons against Phrenology are unanswerable." The tone of his letter, however, shews that he is ill at ease on the subject.

"Be

The reply in the Annals extends to seventy-one pages, and constitutes Article I. The second is an "Anatomical Report on the Skull of Spurzheim, by Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, M. D." The dimensions are carefully noted, the appearances of the bones described, and the article illustrated by horizontal and vertical sections of the skull. Dr Spurzheim died on 10th November 1832, and his brain was weighed on the 12th. ing present," says Dr Shurtleff, "I took an account of the weight, which, after deducting that of the napkins, &c. which were used, was exactly three pounds seven ounces and one dram, or fiftyfive and one-eighth ounces avoirdupois. The brain was previously deprived of its liquors, and divested of the dura mater." The dimensions of the skull differ very slightly from those published in our 39th number. The discrepance is no doubt owing to our measurements having been taken from a cast.

Article III. is a review of the 39th, 40th, and 41st Numbers of this Journal. The reviewer is pleased to estimate our labours very highly, and gives them more applause than we can well admit their title to. Article IV. is headed " Last Death of Phrenology; effected by the Mask of Napoleon Bonaparte. By Wm. B. Fowle." Article V. is a " Phrenological Analysis of Infant Education," extracted, along with that which follows,-namely, a review of the Paris Phrenological Journal, No. 5,from our own pages. The seventh and last article (on phreno

logical quacks) is reprinted in our present Number. We are much pleased with the zeal and talent which the May Number of the Annals exhibits.

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The Educational Magazine next demands our attention. It is published at the amazingly low price of one shilling, and contains much valuable and important information relative to the principles and practice of education. The contributions of practical men, as well as of educationists more exclusively speculative, are solicited and published; while, at the same time, the work may be looked upon as a kind of storehouse, in which all that is most interesting in regard to education is collected from contemporary journals and other publications. The conductors are liberal thinkers and sincere philanthropists— men anxious for the improvement of every grade of society in knowledge, happiness, virtue, and religion. The importance of moral training, especially in Infant Schools, is strenuously advocated; and the means of reform in every branch of education are largely discussed. But what is peculiarly gra tifying to us as phrenologists is, that the conductors seem fully aware of the momentous truth, that to effect the moral and intellectual improvement of man, we must take the preliminary step of improving his physical organization-on the condition of which the efficiency and just balance of the faculties so essentially depend. It is their aim to provide a record of all such mental and physiological facts as shall tend to produce a more accurate knowledge of the faculties of the mind, and of the effect of physical influences, and thus to enlist the teacher as one of the best observers of these facts;-to apply mental science to instruction, and to establish the art of teaching upon the basis of sound philosophy, and in connexion with the organic and moral laws;-and to endeavour to enlist the philosopher, the physician, and the medical practitioner, in the subject of education,-with a view to ascertain how far medical science may be held subsidiary to the science of education, how far moral remedies may be applied to the body, and to what degree bodily remedies act upon the mind." Šuch, and similar to these, being the objects of The Educational Magazine, we regard it as an important auxiliary in the battle fought by ourselves; and trust it will meet with the encouragement which it deserves. Without identifying themselves with Phrenology, the conductors speak very favourably of its utility and merits, and forcibly maintain its title to receive a sober and candid consideration. The author of a series of essays on "The Philosophy of Teaching," three of which have appeared, takes Phrenology throughout as the groundwork of his discussions.

The Christian Physician has three leading aims to teach Phrenology; to shew that happiness is the invariable result of obedience to the laws of nature, and misery the punishment of their neglect; and to advocate liberal views in politics, and toleration in religion. It consists of twenty-four pages, and is sold at fourpence. The conductors have our best wishes for their success. An essay on Phrenology is contributed to each number by Dr Epps. From his second paper we extract the following instructive case :- "A boy, aged nine years, was kicked by a horse in the forehead: he was taken up insensible; the skull was driven in in the situation of the organs of Causality and Wit on the right side of the head. He lost a considerable portion of brains, perhaps two table-spoonsful. He was, by the skill of a medical practitioner in Kent, restored to health, and went to school, and, though not bright, did his duties at school as well as most boys. He entered into business after serving an apprenticeship; and forthwith became liable to fits. The exercise of his reflective powers in arranging the business concerns awakened the affection of the brain produced by the injury, and thus the fits were induced. He found, moreover, that these attacks came on generally when his mind had most thinking to perform; and, also, if he could direct his mind into other channels just before the attack came on, he avoided the attack. The consequence arising has been that he has been obliged to give up business." This case is adduced by Dr Epps as an illustration of the fact, that the mind is often supposed to be uninjured by disease of the brain, because the patient is able to answer questions correctly, and to conduct himself with propriety among his acquaintances. But although this be the case, still the intellect may be utterly incapacitated for acting vigorously in circumstances requiring ef fort or application. Had the mind of this boy been judged of before he left school, it might have been pronounced perfectly uninjured; but as soon as the necessity arose for applying the faculties energetically to the business of life, the effect of the lesion became very apparent.

The Analyst is a monthly journal of literature, science, and the fine arts, printed formerly at Worcester, but now at Birmingham. We have looked into the greater part of the 11th and 12th Numbers, and think the work conducted with much ability. No. XI. contains a spirited paper by Neville Wood, Esq. entitled, "Some Remarks on a Review of a Paper on Phrenology by Dr Milligan." It relates to the parallelism of the tables of the skull, a subject on which Dr Milligan was fond of carping against the phrenologists, though without any distinguished success. As an objection to Phrenology, the

want of absolute parallelism of the tables is now, we believe, universally abandoned.

The 12th Number of The Analyst contains an excellent paper, entitled, "Remarks on Phrenology as applied to Education." We intended to extract a portion of it, but, having no more space, must content ourselves with recommending it to the attention of our readers.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.

EDINBURGH. On 16th, 23d, and 25th September, a course of three lectures was delivered in Clyde Street Hall by Dr John Epps, on the applications of Phrenology to education, criminal legislation, and government. Notwithstanding the unfavourable state of the weather on all the evenings, the attendance was numerous and respectable. Mr Combe is at present lecturing once a-week on Moral Philosophy to the Philosophical Association, in the Waterloo Rooms. His audience, hitherto, has been 600 persons.

The following office-bearers of the Edinburgh Ethical Society for the Study and Practical Application of Phrenology (which meets in the University every Friday evening, at half-past eight o'clock) were elected on 13th November:A. G. Hunter and William B. Hodgson, Presidents; Robert Cox, Secretary; Thomas Moffatt, Treasurer; George Cruikshank, Librarian; Alexander Ireland, William Brown, William Nichol, Andrew Brash, and Abram Cox, Councillors.

GLASGOW. A course of lectures on Phrenology was delivered by Dr Weir in the Mechanics' Institution, during September and October last, to about one hundred auditors. Phrenology will be taught this winter in the Anderston, Calton, and Potter's Institutions in the two former by Mr Gullan, and in the last by Mr Duff. The Glasgow Phrenological Society has commenced its sittings with the prospect of an animated session. The office-bearers are Dr William Weir, President; Mr Charles M William and Dr Maxwell, Vice-Presidents; and Mr Richard S. Cunliff, Secretary.

DUNDEE The Dundee Mechanics Phrenological Society was instituted in March 1826, and from that time till the end of 1831 met regularly once a fortnight, for the purpose of reading essays, holding phrenological conversations, and borrowing and returning books. The entry-money was two shillings, and a weekly sum of twopence was afterwards exacted, till the whole payments amounted to a pound, when the member became free of all farther demands. Under this system the society flourished well, and acquired a considerable number of books and casts. In December 1831, it was thought advisable to make arrangements so that any individual could get the use of the library for a quarter without entering the society, and this plan has been eminently successful. The librarian attends every Saturday evening from eight to nine o'clock. Members pay 3d. a quarter, and subscribers, recommended by members, pay 4d., both in advance. For new numbers of the Phrenological Journal, every reader pays a penny per diem for the first two weeks after publication, d. per diem for the second fortnight, and 1d. per diem for the next eight weeks. The society possesses seven copies of Combe's System, four of his Elements, eight of his Constitution of Man, two of his Letter to Jeffrey, two of Dr Combe's Physiology, one of his Observations on Mental Derangement, three of Dr Spurzheim's Philosophical Principles of Phrenology, a complete set of the Phrenological Journal and duplicates of many of the numbers, with a variety of other phrenological, as well as antiphrenological, publications. There is also a collection of casts. The society's income in 1832, was L. 8, 12s.; in 1833, L. 7, Gs. ; in 1834, L. 7: 16:8). We mention these facts because they may serve as useful hints in other quarters.

CUPAR-FIFE. The Phrenological Society here was formally constituted on 27th August 1835. Mr Thomas Pratt was appointed President, and Mr Alexander Black Secretary and Treasurer. The number of members in the middle of September was twenty. At the first meeting, Mr Pratt read an address, in which he pointed out the uses of Phrenology, and the best method of studying it. As strangers are admitted to the meetings, a considerable accession of members is expected. Messrs Pratt and Black intend to address the Society alternately at the winter meetings, which occur once a-fortnight. A supply of casts has been obtained. We are informed that a Phrenological Society has been formed in the neighbouring town of Newburgh, and another at Kirriemuir in Forfarshire.

GREENOCK. Extract from the Greenock Intelligencer, 11th November 1835" Last night, Dr Wood delivered an introductory lecture on Anatomy, Physiology, and Phrenology, in the Reformed Presbyterian Church, West Stewart Street. The auditory was highly respectable, and listened throughout with marked attention, manifesting their approbation of the lecturer's arguments by loud applause. Dr Wood, previous to the commencement of the lecture, passed a merited compliment on our townsman, John Denniston, Esq., of whom he said, that if his other avocations did not interfere, he would shortly shine among the brightest luminaries of science.' After a very interesting prelection, which was curtailed from the indisposition of the lecturer, Dr Wood concluded by mentioning, that he would deliver the first lecture of the course, on the structure of the bones, on Friday evening."

NEWCASTLE.-At the conclusion of Mr Combe's lectures mentioned in the eighth article of our present number, a Phrenological Society was formed at Newcastle. Its first meeting was held on 11th November, when laws were adopted, and office-bearers appointed. Mr John Fife presided, and the attendance was very numerous.

PORTSMOUTH.-Dr Engledue, a gentleman of high talent, with whom we had the pleasure of becoming acquainted during his residence in Edinburgh last winter, and who was then a vigorous advocate of Phrenology in the Royal Medical Society, has lately delivered several lectures on that science at the Philosophical Society of Portsmouth. We extract the following notice of his second lecture from the Hampshire Telegraph of 26th October 1835 :—“ Dr Engledue delivered his second lecture on Phrenology, last evening, to a very crowded and highly interested audience, at the Philosophical Society. His attention was particularly applied to the points suggested in the former notice we took of his lecture; after which he commenced his details of the science, by explaining and illustrating a few of the propensities constituting the animal part of the human mind. After his lecture, the President, Mr J. W. Williams, invited the members to a discussion upon the subject, which being generally declined, he delivered himself of that priming' the interval between the first and second lectures had enabled him to effect, as a determined anti-phrenologist; and a more puling attack upon the science, a more contradictory, absurd, jumbling of ideas, more illogical inferences, more heated declamation devoid of proof, or senseless tirade against a science founded on observation and deduction, we never witnessed. He had the hardihood (with such a host of eminent authorities against him) to designate it 'a barbarous system of physical imposition a trashy science, that would die away as all false delusions have done (instancing astrology!) when the present enlightenment of the public mind shall have been more maturely advanced ;' and with jeering, scoffing, and maukish ridicule, the scientific President filled out his hour, and sat down with evident unbounded self-satisfaction and complacency. Dr Engledue, in a comprehensive and smart, though brief reply, most effectually destroyed the imaginary, trashy, though in his own opinion incontrovertible, castles in the air, of the worthy President, and, with true phrenological spirit, dared him to the proofs of his wild assertions. The