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Seigneur le Roy pur assent des Seigneurs & Communes avauntditz, adordeine & establie pur auctorite suisditz, qe desore evanaunt, toutz les abbes & priours & autres religiouses, & lour successours, & chescun de aux, qe ount ascuns terres, tenementes, ou autres possessions deins ascuns de les Wapentakes de Staynclif Wapentake & Frendeles Wapentak en Craven, en le counte d'Everwyk, purront fair lour attournees ou attournee generalx ou generall, en toutz les courtes deins les ditz Wapentakes, & chescun de eux, cestassavoir, chescun des ditz abbes, priours, & religiouses, severalment, de soubz le commune seal de sa meason, pur gayner & perdre en chescun maner de plee, par ascun, ou vers ascun de eux, en les ditz courtes, ou ascun deux, moevee ou amoevers; & qe lez ditz abbes & priours, & autres religiouses, & lour ditz attournes, & chescun deux, purront pleder en les ditz courtes, & en chescun deux, toutz maners de plees qe sount in ley pledables, & en ley allowables; et qe chescun seneschall & baillif de ou en ascun de les ditz courtes, pur le temps esteant, resceive auxibien chescun attourney en la manere suisdit destre fait, come les ditz plees, par lez ditz abbes, priours, & religiouses, & par lour ditz attournes, & par chescun de eux, destre pledes, saunz amercier les ditz abbes, priours & religiouses, ou ascun de eux, en le manere desuisdit, ou autrement que persones seculers ensemblable cas saunz fraude seroient amerciez; et que chescun des seneschall & bailiffs suisditz a chescun foitz qil face le contraire de cest ordenaunce, forfate & encourge la peine de xli. au Roy; & qe chescun persone qe voiet suer pur le Roy en celle cas, eit brief de dette foundue sur ceste estatut, & eit lune moite pur soun labour, & le Roy lautre moiete. Et qe en mesme le maner, toutz autres abbes, priours, & autres religiouses, & lour successours, & autres seculers qeconqes deins cest Roialme, en chescun Hundred & Wapentak, deins mesme le Roialme, poent faire lour attournes generalx, ou generall,' pur pleder pur eux & chescun de eux, en la fourme suisdit, cestassavoir, les ditz abbes, priours, & religiouses, desouth le commune seal, & les seculers persones desoubz lour sealx. Et si les seneschalx, baillifs, ou ascun ministre de ascun tiel Hundrede ou Wapentak, face le contrairie dicell, forfait chescun deux au Roy xli. come desuis. est dit. Et dureront icestes ordinaunces 2 & establisshment tanc come il plerra au Roy.

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Inspeximus etiam quandam petitionem nobis in præsenti

(1) ou generall. S.

(2) ordinaunce. S.

(3) The original Petition, with which the text has been collated, still remains, among the Petitions to the King and Council, in the Public Record Office, vol. F., No. 109. It has been printed in Rotul. Parl., vol. v. p. 325, from a copy corrected, as is said—Ibid., p. i.—from the

parliamento nostro, apud Westmonasterium, nono die Julii ultimo præterito, inchoato et tento, per Johannem abbatem monasterii beatæ Mariæ de Fonteyns exhibitam, et in filaciis Cancellariæ nostræ residentem, in hæc verba.

To the kyng, oure soverayn lord.

Besechith mekely youre devote and contynuell oratours, John th' abbot of the monasterie of oure lady saint Marie of Founteyns in the counte of Yorke, and the convent of the same place, that, where they and theire predecessours have of long tyme been, and yit be daily, ayenst conscience and withoute cause, by feyned accions grevously impleted and vexed in diverse courtes of Wapentakes, and other courtes barones, to the noumbre of xx, and [moo] within the said counte of Yorke, and the countee of Cumbrelond, and in the counte of the citee of Yorke, within the which shires, the substance of the possessions of theire said monasterie been liying, as well by procurement and excitacion of the baillifs, stiwardes, and officers of the said courtes of Wapentakes, and courtes barones, fermours of diverse of the same for theire singuler lucre and availe, as by other malicios and evill disposed persones, fenyng quereles ayenst youre seid besechers,3 and affermyng in diverse of the seid courtes of Wapentakes, and courtes barones, at some oon court CCC. severallez pleyntez or moo. And howe be it that the comon lawe of Englond will that, every persone enpleted for eny cause, in the which he is admittible to wage his lawe, that the same persone so impletid, shuld wage his lawe be his attourney, havyng sufficient auctorite

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original Parliament Roll, but not in very strict accordance with the Petition itself, as the following notes, to which the letter R is added, may shew. The notes signed with the letter F, indicate the variations between the original Petition and the exemplified copy in the Text.

(1) as wele. F.

(3) yor said besechers. F.

(2) evell. F.
(4)

summe on court. F.

(5) It was enacted by Statute, 10 Henry III., cap. 10, that every freeman which oweth suit to the County, Trithing, Hundred, and Wapentake, or to the court of his lord, may freely make his attorney to do those suits for him.-See also Co. Litt., 2 p., 99. Fitzherbert, Nat. Brev., fol. 156.

The following memoranda, relating to the attendance of the abbot of Fountains at certain courts by an attorney, are taken from a Register of Fountains, in the Bodleian Library.-M.S. Rawlinson, B. 449, fol. 2.

Edwardus, Dei gratia, rex Angliæ et Franciæ, dominus Hyberniæ, vicecomiti Ebor., salutem. Quia per commune consilium regni nostri Angliæ provisum est quod, quilibet liber homo qui sectam debet ad Comitatus, Trithinga, et Wapentachia, libere possit facere attornatum suum ad sectam illam pro eo faciendam, tibi præcepimus quod attornatum quem abbas de Fontibus, per literas patentes, loco suo attornare voluerit ad sectam pro eo faciendam ad Comitatum tuum prædictum, ad Trithinga nostra de Yarlestre et de Wyndyates, et ad Wapentachia nostra de Brudford, Clarhou, et Inter Use et Derwent, loco ipsius abbatis, sine difficultate ad hoc recipias, hac vice, de de gratia nostra speciali. Teste Edwardo, duce Cornubiæ et comite Cestriæ, filio nostro carissimo, Custode Angliæ, apud Berk hampsted, x die Augusti, regni nostri Angliæ quartodecimo, regni vero nostri Franciæ primo.

therto: And that notwithstondyng, the predecessours of the seid nowe abbot, and other abbotz and priours in the seid countes, might in nowise be receyved be such baillifs, stiwardes, and officers, to wage theire lawe be theire attourney in such courtes and Wapentakes, unto the tyme that, for that mischiefe, and

Ad sectam faciendam ad Comitatum Ebor., ut sequitur.

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Noverint universi per præsentes quod nos Abbas de Fontibus attornavimus, et loco nostro constituimus J., commonachum nostrum vel familium nostrum, ad faciendam pro nobis sectam de Comitatu Eboracensi, et ad Trithinga de Yarlestre et de Wyndeyates, ac etiam ad Wapentachia de Brudford, Clarhoue, et Inter Ouse et Derwent, secundum tenorem brevis domini Regis vicecomiti Eboracensi inde directi. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum præsentibus apposuimus. Dat. apud Ebor. die Jovis prox. post festum sancti Michaelis, anno regni regis Edwardi tertii post conquestum tertio decimo. Dat. apud Fontes, die Jovis prox. post festum sancti Lucæ Evangelistæ, anno regni Angliæ regis Edwardi tertii post conquestum quarto decimo, regni vero Franciæ primo.

Ad sectam pro nobis faciendam ad Wapentachia de Hang, Helykeld et Gillyng, secundum tenorem brevis domini regis, ballivis domini Johannis ducis Britanniæ et comitis Richemondiæ inde directi.

Ad sectam pro nobis faciendam ad Wapentagium de Staynclif, secundum tenorem brevis domini regis ballivis dominæ Isabellæ reginæ Angliæ inde directi.

Abbas de Fontibus petit breve de attornatu ad sectam pro eo faciendam, ballivis Johannis de Gandavo, comitis Richemundiæ, [ad] Wapentagium de Hang, per literas patentes.

Abbas de Fontibus petit breve de attornatu ad sectam pro eo faciendam; ballivis Philippæ reginæ Angliæ, custodis terrarum domini Johannis de Gandavo, comitis Richemundiæ, [ad] Wapentagium de Hang, per literas patentes.

Abbas de Fontibus petit breve de attornatu per literas patentes, vicecomiti Ebor. ad sectam pro eo faciendam de Comitatu Ebor, ad Trhieng (sic) de Est-ridding, West-ridding, et ad Wapentagium de Clarhoue et Brudford, et inter Use et Derwent.

Item idem petit breve per literas patentes ballivis domini regis Angliæ, ad sectam pro eo faciendam ad Wapentagium de Hang, Halikeld et Gilling, si [non] possitis habere in uno brevi, faciatis nos brevia tria.

The times and places at which the Court of the Wapentake of Stayncliffe was held, in the early part of the fifteen century, are thus entered in the President Book of Fountains, p. 9.

NOMINA VILLARUM IN QUIBUS TENETUR CURIA WAPYNTAGII DE STAYNCLYFF.-1. BOLTON-IN-BOWLAND, in crastino sancti Lucæ Evangelistæ. 2. KETELWELL, viijo die mensis Novembris. 3. PRESTON JUXTA ARNCLYFF. In previgilia sancti Andreæ Apostoli. 4. THRESCEFELD, xviiio die Decembris. 5. THORNTON, in crastino Epiphaniæ Domini. 6. LYNTON, Xxvii die Januarii. 7. SWYNDEN, xvio Februarii. 8. MALGHOM, viiio die Marcii. 9. BRYNSALL, xxviiio die Marcii. 10. KETELWELL, Septimo decimo die Aprilis. 11. NEWTON, in festo Johannis Beverlaci. 12. THORPP JUXTA BRYNSALL, Xxvii die Maii. 13. FLASBY, xvi die Junii. 14. STETON, vj die Julii. 15. HERTLYNGTON, in crastino Jacobi Apostoli. 16. GAYSGYLL, in festo Assumptionis Mariæ. 17. SWYNDEN, iiiito die Septembris. 18. GERSYNGTON, semper in festo Michaelis Archangeli. Et notandum quod quando dies prænotati non accidunt die Jovis, tunc proximo semper die Jovis sequenti, tenenda est Curia Wapintagii.

(1) Law is, when an Action of Debt is brought against any one upon some secret Agreement or Contract had between the parties without especialty shewed, or other matter of Record; as in an Action of Detinue for some Goods or Chattels lent or left with the Defendant: then the Defendant may wage his Law, if he will, that is, swear upon a book, and certain persons with him, that he detains not the Goods, or owes Nothing to the Plaintiff, in Manner and Form as he hath declared. And it is allowed only in Cases of Secrecy, where the Plaintiff cannot prove the Surmise of his Suit by any Deed or open Act.

When any one shall wage his Law, he shall bring with him six, seven, or twelve of his neighbours, as the Court shall assign him, to swear with him, much like the Oath which they make who are used in the Civil Law, to purge others of any Crime laid against them, who are called Compurgators. The offer to make the Oath is called Wager of Law; and when it is accomplished, then it is called the Doing of the Law.-Termes de la Ley: Tit. Ley, p. 424.

(2) mychefe. F.

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compleynte had in that behalve, it was late ordeyned by auctorite of parliament, that all the abbotz and priours and other religious of Englond, and theire' successours shuld, in such cases, be theire attourneys generalles or generall, in every hundred 2 or Wapentakes within the realme of Englond,3 iche of theym under theire common seale, severally plede in suche courtes suche plees as in lawe ware pledables, and in lawe ware allowablez: And that every styward or baillife for the tyme beyng within the seid courtes shuld resceyve suche attourneys, withoute amerciyng of suche abbotz, priours, and religiouse, or eny of theym, upon the peyne of forfaiture of xli. And that, notwithstondyng, when the seid abbot be his attourney hath waged his lawe in the seid pleyntz in suche severalles courtes, then the said baillifs, stiwardes, and officers have oftetymes for theire singuler lucre, and by covyne had betwix theym and the seid malicious people affermyng the seid pleintz, prefixed to the seid abbot oon day to doo his lawe in iche on of the seid severallez courtes and Wapentakes, all at oon day and at severall places, iche oon beyng so ferre frome other, that youre seid besechers in nowise myght appere and come to do his lawe in his propre persone, as the lawe requires; and so he be that cause, in diverse of the seid courtes and Wapentakes, oftymes hath to be condempned in the seid pleyntz, and amercyed in diverse of theym, summe yere in a c. marc, and summe yere in more, and at the lest in xlli. where never cause of accion was had, neither by lawe ne by conscience. And also when the seid abbot was 10 commyng at diverse tymes to diverse of the seid courtes of Wapentakes and courtes barones, to have doon his lawe in such playntz, then the seid abbot hath be put in suche feere of bodily harmel to be doon to hym, bothe by assautz12 made upon hym, and by diverse many sshyng 13 and thretyng by the seid maliciouse people affermyng the seid pleyntz, that he in nowyse, for drede of bodily harme and deth, durst appere at the seid courtes of Wapentakes, whereby he hath be condempned and amercied in grete sommes in the said courtes and at other tymes, when the seid abbot come to any of the seid courtes, redy to do his lawe, than the seid malicios people, affermyng the said pleyntz wold be and were nounsued

(1) England and there. F.

(3) England. F.

(5) Stiward. F.

(7) propir. F.

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(2) hundreth. F.

(4) war. F.

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(6) all at son day at severall places. R.

(8) somme there in C Marcs, and somme there in more. R.

(9) nether. F.

(11) bodily herme. F.

(13) manyschyng. F.

(10) at divers tymes commyng. F.

(12) assawtz. F.

therin, and anone after afferme ccc. or cccc. newe playntz in summe oon courte ayenst the seid abbot, at summe oon courte day; and so, from courte to courte, the seid persones have contynued theire malicios purpose and intent aforesaid, unto the tyme the seid abbot agreed with the seid stiwardes, officers, and baillifs, and with the seid malicios people affermyng and feynyng' suche playntz, at theire 2 awne volunte, paiying3 to theym in summe yere c. mares, in this partie, summe yere xlli., and when he paide leste, xx. marc, the whiche5 labores, vexacions and costes are like ever to be contynued and encresed, to the over grete and importable hurtes of the seid house and besechers, withoute summe remedie, graciouse socour and helpe, be purveid for the seid house in this present parliament.

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Please it therfore youre highnesse, graciously to considre thees premisses, and therappon to graunte, ordeine, and establessh by the avice of youre lordes spirituallz and temporallz, and of youre commons assembled in this youre present parlement, and by auctorite of the same parlement, that the same abbot and his successours, ayenst whome eny querele or playnte are, or in tyme to come shall hap to be attaymed or taken in eny of the seid courtes or Wapentakes, shall mowe wage theire lawe be their attourney or attourneys, of the matiers contened, or to be contened, in every suche playnte, where the lawe will suffre them so to do: And that they, ther lawe so waged, may do the said law or lawes be a commoyne of the same place, with other persones with hym, to the noumbre of six persones, or elles be a nother persone assigned and deputt by th' abbot of the seid house, for the tyme beyng, undre the common seale of the seid monasterie of Founteyns, with six persones with hym, the seid lawes to do, for th' abbot of the same house: And that the baillifs, stiwardes, and officers of the seid Wapentakes and courtes, for the tyme beyng, admitte, suffre, and receyve the seid lawes to be doon in the forme aforesaid: And that all the lawes aforeseid so waged and done, be als effectuall and of such strength in the lawe as if the seid abbot or his successours had doon them in theire propre persones, after the cours of the common lawe of this land. And, over that, to ordeine by the auctorite aforeseid, that, if any baillife, stywarde, or officer 10 of any of the seid

(1) fenyng. F.

(2) there. F.

(4) in summe there. R.

(6) estables. F.

(8) And that they yer. R.

(9) Fonteyns. F.

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(3) payng. F.
(5) the labores. R.
(7) parliament. F.

(10) officere. F. Baillifs, Stuards or officers. R.

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