monasterii Sanctæ Mariæ de Fontibus, quod in episcopatu Eboracensi situm est, ejusque fratribus, tam præsentibus quam futuris, regularem vitam professis imperpetuum. Apostolici moderaminis, etc., ut supra. Ea propter, etc., ut supra. Statuentes, etc., ut supra, usque permaneant. In quibus hæc propriis duximus vocabulis exprimenda, Locum ipsum de Fontibus, grangiam de Sutuna, grangiam de Caituna, grangiam de Coutonemore, grangiam de Warteshale, grangiam de Dacra et Aldeburgh, (sic) cum terris silvis, pascuis, et aliis appendiciis ad supradicta loca pertinentibus, Reinebergha, Neuhala' et cæteras terras quas Ādam filius Suani dedit ad abbathiam ædificandam, Trutesdale, et quascunque terras Eustachius filius Johannis dedit ad abbatiam construendam. Sane laborum vestrorum, etc., ut supra. Si qua vero libera etc., ut supra. Addentes etiam, etc., ut supra. Sanximus autem etc., ut supra.

Paci quoque et tranquillitati vestræ paterna sollicitudine providentes, auctoritate apostolica prohibemus ut, infra clausuram locorum sive grangiarum vestrarum, nullus violentiam vel rapinam sive furtum facere vel hominem capere audeat ; et si quis hoc temerario ausu præsumpserit, tanquam sacrilegus judicetur, et excommunicationis ultione plectatur.

2

Decernimus ergo, ut nulli omnino hominum liceat præfatum locum temere perturbare, aut ejus possessiones auferre, vel ablatas retinere, minuere, seu quislibet vexationibus fatigare ; sed omnia integra conserventur eorum pro quorum gubernatione et sustentatione concessa sunt, usibus omnimodis pro futura; salva sedis Apostolicæ auctoritate et diœcesani episcopi canonice reverentia.

Si qua igitur in futurum ecclesiastica sæcularisve persona, hujus nostræ constitutionis paginam sciens, contra eam temere venire temptaverit, secundo, tertiove commonita, nisi reatum suum congrua satisfactione correxerit, potestatis honorisque sui dignitate careat, reamque se, etc., ut supra. Cunctis autem eidem loco justa servantibus sit pax, etc., ut supra. Amen.

Ego Eugenius catholicæ Ecclesiæ episcopus,3 [subscripsi].

(1) Ibid., p. 56, note 5.

(2) The fourteenth Canon of the Council of Pisa, held in 1134, ordained, "Ut [in] eo qui ad ecclesiam, vel cimiterium confugiant, nullus omnino manus mittere audeat.-Labbai Conc., tom. xxi. col. 490. See also the 13th and 14th Canons of the Council of Rheims, 1148.-Ibid., tom. xxi. col. 718.

(3) There is a fac-simile of part of a Bull of Pope Eugenius III., with the Signum, Bulla, etc., in Rymer's Fœdera, N.E., vol. i. pars. 1. p. 15. His Signum occurs with different circumscriptions. In one, used in a Bull without date, it is uninscribed. (Muratori Antiq. Ital. medii ævi, tom. vi. c. 420.) Chacon mentions only one, where the inscription, FAC MECUM SIGNUM IN BONUM, appears written horizontally. (Vit. et res gest. Rom. Pont., tom. i. c. 1032.) In a Bull

Ego Conradus Sabinensis episcopus. Ego Imarus Tusculanus episcopus.

dated 15 Kal. Mar., 1146, the circumscription is, OSTENDE NOBIS DOMINE MISERICORDIAM TUAM (Bullar. Rom. Cocquel., t. ii. c. 296) but, on x. Kal. Jan., 1146, it is written FAC MECUM DOMINE SIGNUM IN BONO, and also in one dated in 1150. (Ibid., tom. ii. c. 301, 315. Jaffé Regist. Rom. Pont., p. 615.) FAC MECUM SIGNUM IN BONUM is used in a Bull dated 8 Kal. Julij, 1147, (Bullar. Rom. Cocq., t. ii. c. 303,) and also in another, dated 4 Id. April, 1148, addressed to Serlo abbot of Savigny," Statuentes ut Ordo monasticus, secundum Institutionem Cisterciensium fratrum, tam in præfato monasterio, quam in his quæ sub ejus potestate consistunt, futuris temporibus inviolabiliter conservetur; et ut abbathiæ, quæ ad jus tui monasterii pertinere noscuntur, in tua tuorumque successorum obedientia et subjectione permaneant." Of the thirteen houses designated, twelve were in England, including Furness, Calder, and Byland, and one in the Isle of Man. (Ibid., t. ii. 307). A similar Bull, comprehending many foreign houses, was issued by Pope Anastasius IV., xii. Kal. Maij, 1154. (Bullar. Rom. Cocq., t. ii. c. 343, ex Martene Vet. Script., tom. i. col. 433).

Pope Eugenius, by a Bull, addressed to Gotho abbot of Citeaux and to all the other brethren and monks of the Cistercian order, and dated at Segni on the calends of August, in the eighth year of his pontificate, confirmed the "Carta Caritatis," or Fundamental Statutes of the order, drawn up by Stephen Harding, 3rd abbot of Citeaux, with the counsel of his religious. The only confirmation which it had previously received was granted by Pope Calixtus 2nd, in 1119, being also the first Privilege which the order had acquired, after the exemption conceded to the abbey of Citeaux at its establishment in 1098, and confirmed by Pope Paschal 2nd, in 1100. These three Bulls are entered in the Register of Privileges with the following rubrics. I.-Privilegium domni Paschalis papo II. Quod Locus Cistercii ab omnium mortalium molestiis tutus et liber maneat. Ibidemque perpetuo abbatia sub speciali sedis Apostolicæ tutela habeatur, inhibendo ne quis ipsum cœnobium, quod Novum dicitur Monasterium, aut ipsius congregationem, astutiis quibuslibet aut violentiis perturbet; pacificationem controversia inter Cistercienses Molismenses confirmando.

Paschalis episcopus, etc. Venerabili filio Alberico, Novi Monasterii abbati, quod in Cabilonensi parrochia situm est, ejusque successoribus regulariter substituendis, imperpetuum. Desiderium quod ad religiosum, etc.—Datum Trojæ, per manum Johannis, S.R.E. diac-card., xiiii. Kal. Maii, Indic. viii. Incarn. Dominicæ anno M.C., pont. autem domni Paschalis II. papæ, secundo Regist. Privil. de Font., pars 3. fol. 61b. See also, Privil. Ord. Cist., p. 1.-Bullar. Rom. Coquel., tom. ii. c. 113.-Manrique Annal. Cist., vol. 1. p. 22.-Labbai Conc. ed. Mansi, tom. xx. col. 980. -Cherubini Bullar., tom. i. p. 15. Henriquez observes as to the date, "Pro Kal. Maii videtur legendum xiv. Kal. Nov." Regula, etc., p. 51.

It is not improbable that the first colony of monks which left Fountains bestowed the name of Newminster on their house, in honor of the original name of the parent house of their Order. II.-Privilegium domni Calisti Papo II. de confirmatione primorum Statutorum abbatis et conventus Cisterciensis, ut sunt Carta Charitatis, usus Ordinis, et ea quæ antiqua dicuntur Cisterciensium Instituta.

Calistus episcopus, etc. Charissimis in Christo filiis, Stephano venerabili Cisterciensis monasterii abbati et ejus fratribus, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. Ad hoc in Apostolicæ sedis regimen, etc.Data Sede loci, per manum Grisogoni S.R.E. diac.-card. ac bibliotecarii, Kal. Jan. Indic. xiii. Incarn. Dom. anno MC.XIX., pont. autem domni Calisti secundi papæ anno primo. Regist. Priv. de Font., p. 3. fol. 62. See also Priv. Ord. Cist., fol. 2.—Henriquez Regula, etc., p. 52. -Bullar. Rom. Cocquel., tom. ii. c. 166.—Baron. Annal., tom. xviii. p. 328.—Manrique Annal. Cist., vol. i. p. 115.-Labbai Conc. ed. Mansi, tom. xxi. col. 190.-Fejèr Codex Dipl., tom. ii. p. 61. -Ypes Coronica de la order de San Benuto, vol. vii. appx. p. 6.—Monast. Angl., tom. i. p. 701. -Addit. MS. Brit. Mus., 18, 148, fol. 7.

III.-Privilegium domni Eugenii Papo III. de eo, quod confirmat Cartam Charitatis et Consuetudinis ac Statuta Ordinis Cisterciensis, cum quibusdam specialibus gratiis.

Eugenius Episcopus, etc. Dilectis filiis Gothonio Cistercien. et cæteris fratribus ac monachis, tam præsentibus quam futuris, regularem vitam et Cistercien. Statuta professis, imperpetuum. Sacrosancta Romana ecclesia, sicut in beato Petro Apostolorum Principe a Domino promissionem obtinuit, etc.Datum Signiæ per manum Baronis S.R.E., scriptoris, Kal. Aug. Indic. xv., Incarn. Dom. anno 1152, pont. vero dompni Eugenii Papæ III., anno octavo. Regist. Privil., p. 3. fol. 26. This Confirmation occurs also, with the Carta Caritatis subjoined, in Bullar. Rom. Cocquel.,

Ego Gregorius presb.-card. tituli Calixti.
Ego Guido presb.-card. tituli Sancti
Grisogoni.

Ego Bernardus presb.-card. tituli Sancti
Clementis. Ego Oddo diac.-card. Sancti
Georgii ad velum aureum.

Ego Gregorius diac.-card. Sancti Angeli.
Ego Petrus diac.-card. Sanctæ Mariæ in
via lata.

Data Trans Tibrim, per manum Roberti, sanctæ Romanæ ecclesiæ presbyteri-cardinalis et cancellarii, quarto Kal. Februarij Indictione viiii., Incarnationis Dominicæ anno м°CXLVto2, pontificatus vero dompni Eugenij papæ tertii anno primo. Ibid., fol. 17.

66

III. ANASTASIUS IV. CONFIRMAT INSTITUTA ORDINIS ET CARTAM CHARITATIS," ET STATUIT GRANGIAS FORE QUIETAS, SICUT ATRIA ECCLESIÆ. EST IN CISTERCIO.

Anastasius, etc.,3 dilectis filiis Lamberto Cisterciensi et cæteris

tom. ii. col. 325, and in Labbai Conc. ed. Mansi, tom. xxi. col. 669, without the Carta, but the authority is not quoted in either instance. See also Bullar. Cherubini, Romæ 1617, tom. i. p. 19. -Manrique Annal. Cist.-Lugd. 1642, tom. ii. c. 205.-Priv. Ord. Cist., fol. 2b.-Henriquez Regula etc., p. 53.-Regist. Mon. Vallis Regalis, Harl. MS., 2064 fol. 48b.

Pope Eugenius III. by his Bull, "Cum omnibus ecclesiasticis" dated 21st Oct., 1149, granted to Serlo Abbot of Savigny, that," tam de personis, quam de rebus monasteriorum ei subjectorum, juxta Cisterciensium fratrum constitutionem disponendi et ordinandi habeat facultatem," prohibiting "ut nulli post factam in eisdem locis professionem liceat, se ab ejus vel successorum subjectione subtrahere." Martene et Durand. Vet. Script., tom. i. p. 813. Neustria Pia, p. 684.

(1) "Ego Guido presb.-card. tit. S. Chrysogoni." Bullar. Cocq. t. ii. c. 289. Jaffé Reg., p. 615. (2) Probably this date should be MCXLVIto. Pope Eugenius III., in dating his Instruments, sometimes began the year on the 1st of January and sometimes on the 25th of March; but as he was elected on the 15th Feby., 1145, it could not have been calculated by either process that iiiio. Kal. Feb. MCXLVo, was in the first year of his pontificate. One of his Bulls, confirming lands to the Cistercian Abbey of Thame, is "Datum Trans Tibrim per manum Roberti S.R.E. presb-card. et cancellarii, Non. Feb. Indict. viiii. Incarn. Dom. MOCXLVJto. pont vero domni Eugenii Papæ III. anno primo." Signum. FAC MECUM SIGNUM IN BONUM. (Cot. MS. Julius A. vii. fol. 304b). It appears otherwise that he was, "Trans Tibrim," on the 28th Jany., 1146, and during several weeks subsequently. (Jaffé Regest., p. 617). Besides the year 1146 was in the ninth indiction.

(3) Anastasius IV.was elected 9th July, 1153, and died 2nd Decr. in the year following. Vita et epist. Anast. papa IV. Labbai S. Conc., tom xxi. col. 773-784.-Baronii Annal., tom. xix. p. 76.Ciacon., tom. i. col. 1051-6.-Muratori Rer. Ital. Scr., tom iii. pars 1. p. 440, pars 2. col. 370.Platina, p. 117.-L'Art de Vérefier, t. 3. p. 347.-Jaffé Regesta, p. 653.-Bullar. Rom. Cocq., t. ii. c. 334. This pope, on the 20th of April, 1154, issued a bull of confirmation in favour of the abbey of Savigny, "Statuentes ut ordo monasticus secundum ordinem Cisterciensum fratrum, tam in præfato monasterio quam in his quæ sub ipsius potestate et disciplina consistunt, futuris temporibus inviolabiliter conservetur, et ut abbathiæ quæ ad jus tui monasterii pertinere noscunter, in tua tuorumque successorum obedientia et subjectione permaneant. (Bullar. Rom. Coquel., t. 2. c. 322.) The names of these monasteries are recited, and among them occurs, "Abbathia de Fontibus," but this is the abbey of Les Blanches Fountaines in the diocese of Tours in France, founded about the year 1132. From this list it appears that the English houses then subject to Savigny were Furness, Holand, Caldre, (Russin in the Isle of) Man, Byland, Joreval, Basingwerk, St. Mary de Durelina, Pulton, Buildwas, Nethe, Buckfast, Quarre, and the abbey "de Dragonis fonte." In a

abbatibus ac monachis, tam præsentibus quam futuris, regularem vitam, et statuta Cisterciensis ordinis professis, imperpetuum.

Sacrosancta Romana ecclesia sicut in beato Petro Apostolorum principe a Domino promissionem obtinuit, quod universalis Ecclesiæ fundamentum existeret, et præceptum accepit, ut Christianæ fidei professores, in fide, religione, omnique sanctimonia confirmaret. Ita pro universarum ecclesiarum profectibus, sollicitam se semper exhibuit, et de instituendo, conservando et provehendo, in omnibus ecclesiis cultum sacræ religionis, fuit omni tempore studiosa; ita ut ab ea, sicut a fonte, ad universos ecclesiæ filios sit religio derivata; et quod ab aliis, qui Spiritus primitias acceperunt, religiose ac salubriter institutum est, per eandem immutabilem acceperit firmitatem.

Inde est, dilecti in Domino filii, quod sacræ religionis vestræ opinione, odore' tanquam agri pleni cui benedixit Dominus, provocati, religiosis petitionibus vestris benignum impertimur assensum, et regulares Institutiones vestras auctoritate apostolica confirmamus. In quibus, sub certis capitulis2, quæ inferius annexa sunt, decrevimus exprimenda.

Statuistis equidem inter vos, ne in alicujus antistitis diœcesi ordinis vestri abbatia fundetur, donec ipse antistes, decretum, quod inter ecclesias ordinis vestri ad custodiam disciplinæ firmatum est, ratum se habere promittat.

Et ut in omnibus monasteriis de Ordine vestro, sicut in Cisterciensi ecclesia, beati Benedicti Regula perpetuis temporibus observetur, et in lectione ipsius, nullus ordinis vestri professor, præter simplicem et communem intelligentiam, quemlibet alium sensum inducat, sed uniformiter, et sicut quæque diffinita nos

bull of pope Eugenius of like nature dated in 1148 the English abbeys only are mentioned, namely, Furness, Bufest, Buildwas, Nethe, Quarre, Stratford, Cogeshall, Basingwerk, Cumbermere, Byland, Swineshead, Calder, and (Russin in the Isle of) Man.

(1) Genesis 27. v. 27.

(2) The Carta Caritatis was divided sometimes into 23 and sometimes into 30 Articles. According to the latter and more modern arrangement, these are classed under five Chapters. The first, § 1-5, treats on the mode of living and the uniformity of procedure in monasteries of the Order. The second, § 6-14, relates to Supervision and the mode of Visiting them. The third, § 15-20, to the manner of holding the General Chapter of the Order and its authority. The fourth, § 21-24, to the mode of electing abbots; and the last, § 25-30, to the mode of receiving their resignation and conducting their deposition.

This confirmatory Bull of Pope Anastasius occurs also in Privil. Ord. Cist.—Henriquez Regula, etc., p. 54.-Regist. Vall. Regal. Harl. MS. 2064, fol. 50. It adopts the exordium and text of that of Pope Eugenius III., but comprehends the tenor of the Carta more diffusely. In the text the Carta is not subjoined to the Confirmation, nor, as it had been previously appended to that of Eugenius, in that entered in the third part of the Register of Privileges, according to the printed copy in Priv. Ord. Cist., 1491, for the folio which once contained this Bull has been cut out of the manuscript.

cuntur, intelligantur ab omnibus, et inviolabiliter observentur,' et eædem penitus observantiæ, idem cantus, et iidem libri, qui ad ecclesiasticum officium pertinent, per universas ecclesias vestri Ordinis teneantur. Nec aliqua omnino ecclesia vel persona Ordinis vestri, adversus communia ipsius Ordinis Instituta, privilegium a quolibet postulare audeat, vel obtentum quomodolibet retinere. Decrevistis itidem, ut nulla ecclesia Ordinis vestri ei quam genuit aliquam terreni exactionem commodi imponat, sed tantum ut abbas matris ecclesiæ curam animarum habeat, tam abbatis quam fratrum domus illius, et illi, tanquam patri suo, ei obedientiam et reverentiam exhibeant filialem, et ipse potestatem habeat corrigendi quæ in eis noverit corrigenda.

Ordinatum est etiam inter vos, ut omnes abbates de Ordine vestro, singulis annis ad generale Capitulum Cisterciense, omni postposita occasione, conveniant, illis solis exceptis, quos a labore viæ, corporis infirmitas retardaverit; qui tamen idoneum nuncium delegare debuerint,3 per quem necessitas remorationis eorum1 valeat Capitulo nunciari; et illis item exceptis, qui in remotioribus partibus habitantes, sine grandi et evidenti difficultate, se nequeants Capitulo præsentare. Qui nimirum eo termino venient, qui eis fuerit in ipso Capitulo constitutus.

Præterea si aliqua controversia inter quoslibet abbates de Ordine vestro emerserit, vel de aliquo eorum tam gravis culpa fuerit propalata, ut suspensionem, aut etiam depositionem mereatur, quicquid inde a Capitulo fuerit' secundum vestrum Ordinem diffinitum, sine retractione aliqua observetur.8

Si vero pro diversitate sententiarum in discordia causa devenerit, illud inde irrefragibiliter teneatur quod abbas Cistercii, qui pro tempore fuerit, cum his qui sanioris consilii et magis idonei apparuerint, indicabunt; hoc observato, ut nemo eorum ad quos specialiter

(1) Observetur. Easdemque penitus observantias, eumdem cantum, et eosdem libros qui ad officium ecclesiasticum pertinent, per universas ecclesias vestri Ordinis teneatis. Conf. Cart. Carit. P. Eugenii Cocquel., t. ii. col. 326.

(2) This clause does not occur in the Confirmation of Pope Eugenius.

(8) After the word, "observetur," the Confirmation of Eugenius adds from the Carta "Personam autem de aliquo Ordine nulla ecclesiarum vestrarum sibi eligat in Pastorem, prout nec vestri Ordinis aliquem monasteriis aliis statuistis ordinati posse abbatem." He then proceeds with the clause. "Hæc nimirum, dilectissimi filii, de multis Institutionibus Ordinis vestri excerpsimus, et propriis curavimus Capitulis designare. Quia vero singula quæ ad Religionis profectum, et animarum salutem regulariter ordinastis, præsenti abbreviationi nequiverunt annecti, nos cum his, quæ præscripta sunt, omnia quæ continentur in Charta vestra, quæ appellatur Charitatis, et quæcunque inter vos Religionis intuitu regulariter statuistis, auctoritate Apostolica roboramus," etc. (Bullar. Rom. Cocquel., tom. ii. c. 326.) The seven clauses succeeding in the text are not inserted in the confirmation of Eugenius.