While nymphs take treats or assignations give, So long my honour, name, and praise shall live. Pope. Rape of the Lock, c. 3. The treasury being exhausted, he was forced to make assignments upon land, and none but in Italy it self would content them.-Dryden. Life of Virgil.

Oh Vulcan! is there on Olympus' heights
A goddess with such load of sorrow oppress'd
As, in peculiar, Jove assigns to me?

Cowper. Homer, Iliad, b. xviii.

The only adequate and assignable reason of the difference is, that the latter have a source to draw from which was unknown to the former.

Porteus.

ASSIMILATE.

ASSIMILA'TION.

ASSIMILATIVE.

ASSIMILABLE.

Beneficial Effects of Christianity.

Fr. Assimiler; It. Assimigliare; Lat. Assimilatum, past part. of Assimilare, (Ad-similare,) to make like. Similare from similis; Gr. oμaλos, even.

To make like to, to liken to, to bring or turn to a like or similar kind: (food to the substance fed.)

The cause of their fatning during their sleeping time, may be the want of assimilating; for whatsoever assimilateth not to flesh turneth either to sweat or fat.

Bacon. Natural History, § 899.

The spirits of many long before that time [the period of all things] will find but naked habitations: and meeting no' assimilables wherein to re-act their natures, must certainly anticipate such natural dissolutions.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vii. c. 19.

Whatsoever property nourisheth before its assimilation, by the action of natural heat, it receiveth a corpulency of incrassation progressional unto its conversion. Id. Ib. b. fi. c. 21.

Neither ought it to seeme more strange, then that the same bone or sinew, and every part and particle thereof, should have in it (in regard of the nourishment it receives, and the excrement it drives forth,) an attractive, a retentive, an assimulative, and an expulsive virtue.

Hakewill. Apologie, p. 5.

A ruin is a sacred thing. Rooted for ages in the soil; assimilated to it; and become, as it were, a part of it, we consider it as a work of nature rather than of art.

God's sp.rit did assist the Apostles by ways extraordinary, and fit for the first institution of Christianity but doth assist us now by the expresses of those first assistances which he gave to them immediately.

Bp. Taylor. On set Forms of Liturgy. Now touching their senate, Lycurgus was the first that erected it among them. The first that were thereof were Lycurgus's chief aiders and assisters of that erection. North. Plutarch, p. 46.

Duke Robert, weary of this vnwonted duresse, sought to escape; and hauing liberty to walke in the king's meadowes, forrests, and parkes, brake from his keepers without any assisters, or meanes for security.

Speed. Hist. of Great Britaine, an. 1107.
Heare me, of Jove Ægiochus, thou most unconquer'd maid,
If ever in the cruell field, thou hast assistfull stood
Or to my father, or to my selfe, now love, and do me good.
Chapman. Homer. Iliaa, b. v.
The highest virtue is best to be trusted with itself, for
assistance only can be given by a genius superiour to that
which it assists.-Dryden. Ded. to All for Love.

Loose at each joint; each nerve with horror shakes.
Stupid he stares, and all assistless stands:
Such is the force of more than mortal hands.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xvi. Storms rise t'o'erwhelm him: or if stormy winds Rise not, the waters of the deep shall rise, And needing none assistance of the storm, Shall roll themselves ashore, and reach him there. Cowper. Task, b. ii. But genius and learning, when they meet in one person, are mutually and greatly assistant to each other; and, in the poetical art Horace declares, that either without the other can do little.-Beattie. Moral Science, pt. i. c. 1.

ASSIZE, v. AssI'ZE. n.

Assises or Sises, from the Fr. Assise, q. d. Adsessa, i. c. Adses

sion or Session, from the verb Asseoir, to sit; Lat. Assidere, (Skinner.) See To ASSESS.

Assise, is, as the Fr. Assis, assessment also session or sitting. In Lord Berners-to assize is (now) to assess. In Gower-to settle, to establish. In Chaucer-Assize is site, situation. The kyng he sende word ageyn, that he hadde ye fran

chise

Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes.

Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. iv.

And that I fainte not in ye payne of the slaying of the sinne that is in my flesh, myne helpe is the promise of the assistance of the power of God, and the comforte of the reward to come.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 18.

Wherfore the sayd Roger, with the assystence of the mayre and other, toke the sayd rascall & euyll disposyd persones, and sent theym vnto dyuers prysons. Fabyan, an. 1267.

He is at all seasons assystent in dede, to them that assemble togyther in his name, but not to them that are gathered togyther in the names of Benedict, Domynycke, and Frances.-Bale. Apology, p. 89.

They treated for a peace between the two kinges, but nothing came to effect: but yet, at the last, a truce between the two kinges and all their assistantes was concluded for to endure vnto the feast of St. John the Baptist, 1359, that is to say, for three yeres.-Grafton. Edward. III. an. 32.

These paths and bowers doubt not but our joynt hands
Will keep from wilderness with ease, as wide
As we need walk, till younger hands ere long
Assist us.

Millon. Paradise Lost, b. ix.

Nor call'd vpon
For high feats done to th' crowne: neither allied
To eminent assistants; but spider-like
Out of his self-drawing web.

And so in ye yere of our lorde M.CCC.1xxx.vi. what to ye entente to breke ye duke of Lancastres voyage, and to cause hym to retourne out of Castel, and to gyue feare to ye englysshme, grete ordenauce for yt voyage was made in frauce, and taxes and tallages set and assysed in cytees and good townes, and in ye playne countrey. Berners. Froissart. Chron. vol. ii. c. 49. The pretours, erected their tribunall seat and places of assises at the publick fishpoole.-Holland. Livy, p. 496. When in mid air, the golden trump shall sound, To raise the nations under ground; When in the valley of Jehosaphat, The judging God shall close the Book of Fate; And there the last assizes keep,

For those who wake, and those who sleep.

Dryden. Ode to the Memory of Mrs. A. Killigrew. Glanville, speaking of the particular amount of an amercement in the sheriff's court, says, it had never yet been ascertained by the general assize or assembly. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 2.

ASSO BRE. See SOBER.
And thus I rede thou assobre
Thyn herte, in hope of such a grace.

ASSOCIATE, v.
Asso'CIATE, n.
ASSOCIATE, adj.
ASSOCIATION.
ASSOCIATOR.

Gower. Con. A. b. vi.

Kyng Henry of England, [was] partely grened with the kyng of Romanes for breakyng his promes, when he shoulde haue associated him in hys iourney agaynst the French kyng.-Hall. Hen. VII. an. 34.

But whoso wil be a true folower of me, yf he intende to be associate wyth me in blisse and glory, let the same in the meane time dyspose hymselfe to be my felowe or partener, in suffering afflictions, and deathe.-Udal. Marke, c. 8.

The sayde Frenche King [was] aunswered by the great Priour of Fraunce, whom he had sent to the Venecians to prouide the Isle of Crete, which was vnder their seigniory, for the receyuing of him, his associates and armie, that all things were prepared and in a readynesse. Grafton. Ed. III. an. 12. find a bare-footed brother out, One of our order to associate me Here, in the citie, visiting the sick.

Shakespeare. Romeo & Juliet, Act v. sc. 2.
To whom mild answer Adam thus return'd,
Sole Eve, associate sole, to me beyond
Compare above all living creatures dear,
Well hast thou motion'd.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ix. *
Antiochus being put besides all hope of association with
Prusias, departed to Ephesus from Sardis, to visite and see
the fleet, which for certaine moneths had been rigged and in
readinesse.-Holland. Livy, p. 885.

With hospitable rites relieve the poor;
Associate in your town a wand'ring train,
And strangers in your palace entertain.

Dryden. Virgil. Æn. b. 1

Ideas that in themselves are not at all of kin, come to be so united in some men's minds, that 'tis very hard to separate them, they always keep in company, and the one no sooner at any time comes into the understanding but its associate appears with it.

Locke. On the Hum. Underst. b. ii. c. 33. s. 5.

Since faction ebbs, and rogues grow out of fashion,
Their penny scribes take care t' inform the nation,
How well men thrive in this or that plantation:
How Pensylvania's air agrees with Quakers,
And Carolina's with associators.

Dryden. Prologue to the King & Queen.
Associations of mysterious sense,
Against, but seeming for, the king's defence;
Ev'n on their courts of justice fetters draw,
And from our agents muzzle up their law.

Id. Absalom & Achitophel. When we consider Charles as presiding in his court, or associating with his family, it is difficult to imagine a character at once more respectable and more amiable.

Hume. History of England, an. 1630.

The Epistles, that is, the letters addressed by the Apostles and their associates to different churches, and to particular individuals, contain many admirable rules and directions to the primitive converts.-Porteus, vol. i. Lect. 1.

ASSOIL. To soil. So used in the Queen of Corinth, by Beaum. and Fletch.

I, in gratitude, was bound to this,

And am to much more; and what ere he be

Can with unthankfulness assaile me, let him

Dig out mine eyes, and sing my name in verse.

ASSO ILMENT. Lat. Absolvere, to loose, or free from.

To loose, free, or clear from difficulty, from guilt, or the consequences of guilt; to acquit, to pardon, to forgive, to absolve; or, as Hall writes, assolve.

Thre strokes the moder ek, wepynde wel sore,
Gef hym to asoyly, & ne mygte vor reuthe more.
R. Gloucester, p. 340.
The pape him asoyled in treuth stedfast,
Whan he had don his penance, he gaid to God the gaste.
R. Brunne, p. 6.

Ther preched a pardoner as he as prest were
And broute forth a bulle wt bisshopis seles
And seide the hymselve mygthe asoilie hem alle
Of Falsnesse.
Piers Ploukman, p. 4.

This is my drede, and ye, my brethren tweie,
Assoileth me this question I preie.

Chaucer. The Marchantes Tale, v. 9528
Acastus, whiche with Venus was
Hir priest, assoylled in that cas,

Al were there no repentance.-Gower. Con. A. b. iii. I also wil aske of you a certayne question, whiche yf ye assoyle me, I in lykewyse wyll tell you by what auctorite I do these thynges.-Bible, 1551. Mathew, c. 21.

Where vnto I will make none auns were for feare to displease his grace, neuerthelesse because Martin could not sogle it, if his grace looke well vpo the matter, he shall finde that God hath assoyled it for him in a case of his own. Tyndal, Workes. p. 288.

The kyng of Englande was advertised by his ambassadoures, whiche he had sent to diuers vniuersities for the assoluyng of the doubte cöcernyng his mariage, that the saied vniuersities wer agreed.-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 21.

Here M. Harding once againe moveth a very needlesse question. Any childe might soone be hable to assoile this riddle.-Bp. Jewel. Defence of the Apologie, p. 235.

But with such guilefull appendices of oathes imposed on him, that this assoilement was not so much the Epilogue of his olde, as the Prologue of his new tragicall vexations.

Speed. History of Great Britaine, an. 1212.

And surely I may think this at the first was allowed in a kind of spiritual discretion, because the church thought the people could not be suddenly weaned from their conceit of assoiling, to which they had been so long accustomed. Bacon. Pacification of the Church.

Why God's merciful intentions were not explicitly declared and propounded to Socrates and Epictetus, as they were to Judas Iscariot and Simon Magus, is another question, which we may afterward in some manner assoil. Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 39.

ASSO'MONED, is used by Chaucer.

SUMMON.

That is wel said (qd. Philobone) indeed But were ye not assomoned to appeare By Mercurius for that is all my dreadYes gentil feire (qd. I) now am I here.

And faine thei wolde do vengeance
Upon Florent, but remembrance
That thei toke of his worthines
Of knighthode, and of gentilnes,
And how he stode of cosinage
To th' emperour, made them assuage,

And durst not slaine hym for feare.-Gower. Con. A. b.i.
And therfore in so doubtfull and perillous a case, they
held off fight, and kept themselves within their campe, if
haply time and space would assuage their anger.
Holland. Livy, p. 74.
Tell me, when shall these wearie woes haue end,
Or shall their ruthlesse torment neuer cease;
But all my daies in pining languor spend,
Without hope of asswagement or release.

Spenser, Sonnet 36.

See

The rest Was broiled and roasted for the future feast. The chief invited guests were set around. And hunger first asswag'd the bowls were crown'd, Which in deep draughts, their cares and labours drown'd. Dryden. Ovid. Met. b. xii. If in the breast tumultuous joys arise Musick her soft assuasive voice applies.

Is it not much more distinct and intelligible, and of better direction for the assortment and certainty of structure to say that amor is a transitive action, and nummi the patient or object-R. Johnson. Noctes Nottinghamicæ, p. 8.

The people of England know how little influence the teachers of religion are likely to have with the wealthy and powerful of long standing, and how much less with the newly fortunate, if they appear in a manner no way assorted to those with whom they must associate, and over whom they must even exercise, in some cases, something like an authority.-Burke. On the French Revolution.

An adjective is by nature a general, and in some measure an abstract word, and necessarily pre-supposes the idea of a certain species or assortment of things, to all of which it is equally applicable.-Smith. Formation of Languages.

ASSO'T. Fr. Assoter. To sot, besot, make dote on, or bring too far in love with, (Cotgrave). See SoT.

Thei can not their shippes stere

So besily vpon the note

Thei herken, and in such wise assote,

That thei their right cours and weie

Foryete, and to their eare obeie.-Gower. Con. A. b. i.

This wife, whiche in hir lustes greene

Was faire and fresshe and tender of age,

She maie not let the courage

Of him, that wol on hir assote.-Id. Ib.

And Glodeside he loueth hote,

And she to make hym more assote,
Hir loue graunteth

Id. Ib.

But fynally, whan the men in Englande, and specyally the londoners, sawe howe that the kynge was so asotted on this syr Hugh Spenser, they prouyded for a remedy.

Berners. Froissart. Chron. vol. ii. c. 237.

But when he saw the blazing beauties beame,
Which with rare light his boat did beautifie,
He marueild more, and thought he yet did dreame,
Not well awak't, or that some extasie
Assotted had his sense, or dazed was his eye.

ASSUAGE. ASSUA'GEMENT.

ASSUA'SIVE.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 8. Fr. Assouager or Assouvager; Low Lat. Adsuaviare; from the Lat. Suavis, sweet. Skinner prefers the A. S. Swas-an, Aswæs-ian; To soothe, to mitigate, to calm, to tranquillize. William the Conquerour changis his wikked wille, Out of his first errour, repentis of his ille, And of his crueltes he gynnes for to assuage.

Pope. St. Cecilia's Day. But to assuage Th' impatient fervour which it first conceives Within its reeking bosom, threat'ning death To his young hopes, requires discreet delay.

Cowper. Task, b. iii.

Patroclus sat contentedly beside Eurypylus, with many a pleasant theme Soothing the gen'rous warrior, and his wound Sprinkling with drugs assuasive of his pains. Id. Homer. Iliad, b. xv. ASSUBJUGATE. From ad, to; sub, under; and jugum, a yoke. Cotgrave has As-soubjecter, to assubject.

To bring under the yoke.

No, this thrice worthy and right valiant lord,
Must not so staule his palmes, nobly acquir'd,
Nor by my will assubiugate his merit,

As amply titled as Achilles is, by going to Achilles.
Shakespeare. Troil. Cress. Act ii. 80. 3.

ASSUEFA'CTION. Fr. Assuefaction, from A'SSUETUDE. Lat. Assuefictum, past part. of Assuefacere, to make usual, or customary, to accustom; from ad, and sueo (ab usu, quasi usu eo, Vossius), to use, and facere, to make. Use, habit, custom.

And we see that assuetude of things hurtful doth make them loose their force to hurt; as poison, which with use some have brought themselves to brook. Bacon. Nat. Hist. § 67.

attained an ability to carry it being a bull, is a witty conceit, The received story of Milo, who by daily lifting a calf, and handsomly sets forth the efficacy of assuefaction. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vii. c. 18.

For so (to say nothing of such as by assuefaction have made the rankest poysons their most familiar diet) we read that Epimenides continu'd fifty years in a damp cave, the Eremites dwelt in dens, and divers live now in the fens.

Evelyn. Fumifugium.

Custome and studies efform the soul like wax, and by assuefaction introduce a nature.

ASSUME. ASSUMER.

Bp. Taylor. On Repentance, c. 5. s. 3. The power of assuefaction in other cases, made me think it very well worth trying what it would do in respiration. Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 380. Fr. Assumpter; It. Assumere; Lat. Assumere, Assumptum, to take to, (Ad-sumere,) perhaps from sub, and emere, which signifies tollere, (Festus,) to lift up, to take up. take up; to take for granted, to

Out of this type sodainly issued out of a cloude a fayre lady richely apparelled, and then al the minstrels whiche wer in the pagiant plaied & the angels sang, & sodainly againe she was assumpted into the cloud. Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 14.

Lette vs nowe remember yt this is the daye of the assumpcion of our blessyd Lady, and truste we in her, that she wyll helpe vs agayne them that ben put out of holy Churche by cursynge.-Fabyan. Phil. III. an. 1283. Nor shall thou by descending to assume Man's nature, less'n nor degrade thine own. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iii, His sonne,

(By all these violent arguments; not wonne To credit him his father) did deny His kinde assumpt.-Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xvi. Many positions there are, but proofs of them you offer none. The sum of all your assumpts, collected by yourself is this.-Chillingworth. Religion of Protestants, c. 1. p. 1.

Pompey, Crassus, and Cæsar, had found the sweets of arbitrary power; and each being a check to the others' growth, struck up a false friendship amongst themselves, and divided the government betwixt them, which none of them was able to assume alone.-Dryden. Ded. to the Æneis. I cannot but think that the very great scorn and contempt wherewith Mr. T. hath thought fit to treat them, is a very great assuming to himself, and undervaluing the judgment of the greatest men, both of the ancient and modern church. Dr. Clarke. Reflections, &c. on Amyntor.

Nothing has been more common in all ages, than to see faction and ambition assuming the mask of religion, and pretending to fight in the cause of God and his church, when they had in reality nothing else in view but to create confusion or establish tyranny.-Porteus, vol. i. Ser. 12.

The unities of time and place arise evidently from false assumptions, and, by circumscribing the extent of the drama, lessen its variety.-Johnson. Proposals for, &c. Shakespeare.

ASSUMENT. Lat. Assuere, from ad and suere, to stitch or tack on.

This assument or addition, Dr. Marshall says he never could find any where but in this Anglo-Saxonic translation, and that very ancient Greek and Latin M.S. copy of Beza's.

ASSU'RE.
ASSURANCE.

ASSURED.
ASSUREDLY.

ASSU'REDNESS.

Lewis. English Trans. of the Bible.

Fr. Asseurer; It. Assicurare; Sp. Assegurar, (Lat. Securus, sine cura, without, free from care;) to be or cause to be free from care. See ASSEcure. To make sure or secure, firm, steady, certain; to free from care, fear, or anxiety; to give credit, confidence, confirmation, convincing proof, to assert, to confirm.

O noble markis, your humanitee
Assureth us and yeveth us hardinesse,
As oft as time is of necessitee,
That we to you mow tell our hevinesse.

Chaucer. The Clerke's Tale, v. 7969,
Therefore, as frend fullich in me assure
And tell me platte, what is thine encheson
And finall cause of wo, that ye endure.-Id. Troilus, b. i
Wandring in this place, as in a wildernesse
No comfort haue I ne yet assurance.

Id. The Lament. of Marie Magd. And eche of hem assureth other, To helpe as to his owne brother, To vengen hem of thilke oultrage, And wynne ayene her heritage.-Gower. Con. A. b. iii. Wherefore this I assure you, what so euer is don by worde or deed, shall be remitted vnto men, so that they repent them.-Udal. Mathew, c. 12.

A perfect, strōg, and earnest assurance had hee [John] of the Lord by a spirituall premonishment, that ye vnuariable decrees of his set iudgements should be fulfilled at their tymes of him appoynted.

Bale. Image of both Churches, pt. ii. For with indifferent eyes myself can well discerne, How some to guide a ship in stormes seke for to take the sterne ; Whose practise if were proved in calme to stere a barge, Assuredly beleue it well, it were to great a charge. Surrey. An Answere, &c. But suche persones as utterly mistrustyng their owne assurednesse, that is to saie, al worldly ayde and maintenaunce of mã, dooe wholly depende of God's defense and helpe: suche and none others are hable to stande sure. Udal. Luhe, c. 22.

For, till I haue acquit your captive knight, Assure yourselfe, I will you not forsake. His cheerful words reviv'd hir cheerless spright. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 7. This drudge or diuiner layd claime to mee, call'd mee Dromio, swore I was assur'd to her.

Shakespeare. Comedy of Errours, Act iii. sc. 2. Pag. He said, Sir, you should procure him better assurance then Bardolfe: he wold not take his bond and yours, he lik'd not the security.-Id. 2 Part Hen, IV. Act i. sc. 2.

Fr. Asthème; It. Asma; Sp. Asma; Lat. Asthmaticus; Gr. Aoopa, breathing, respiration.

If God had not decreed, if he had not said these things, they would yet assuredly be true; for it is a foul contradiction to reason, that a man ever should please God without obeying him; it is a gross absurdity in nature, that a man should be happy without being good.-Barrow, vol.iii. Ser.16.

On informing him of our difficulties, and asking, whether we might venture across the plain; he bid us, like Cæsar, with an air of assurance, follow him, and fear nothing. Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes.

The worlde stante euer vpon debate,
So maie be siker none astate,

Now here, now there, now to, now fro,
Now vp, now down, the world goth so,
And euer hath done, and euer shall.

Gower. Con. A. The Prol.
In Englande and Fraunce, which gretly was redouted;
Of whom both Flaunders and Scotland stode in drede;
To whom grete astates obeyde and lowttede.

Skelton. On the dolorous Death.

Yet often remebraunce to them of theyr astate, maye happen to radicate in theyr hartes intollerable pryde, the most dangerous poyson to nobleness. Elyot. The Governovr, b. i. c. 4. ASTEEPING. In steeping, v. steep, to soak.

Where Perah's flowers Perfume proud Babal's bowers And paint her wall:

There we lay'd asteeping,

Our eyes in endless weeping,

For Sion's fall.-P. Fletcher, Ps. 137.

A'STERISK. Fr. Astérique; It. Asterisco; A'STERISM. Sp. Asterisco; Lat. Asteriscus ; Gr. AσTEPLOкos, from Aornp, a star. See the quotation from Prideaux.

Asterism, a collection of stars; a constellation;

a star.

In whose partitions by the lines dispos'd,

All the clear northern asterisms were

In their corporeal shapes with stars enchased,

As by th' old poets they in Heav'n were placed.

Drayton. Baron's Wars, b. vi.

Nymphs. Lofty Urania, then we call to thee,
To whom the Heavens for ever open be;
Thou th' asterisms by name dost call,

And show'st when they do rise and fall.-Id. Nymphal, iv. The asterisk was a small star (as thus), and was so called, because in Greek that word so signifieth.

Prideaux. Connections, pt. ii. b. i.

But I have never observed that mankind was much delighted or improved by their asterisks, commas, or double commas.-Johnson. Proposals for &c. Shakespeare.

ASTERN.

On the stern or part steered; steeren, stern. See STERN, and ASTERTE. Having left this strait a stern, we seemed to be come out of a river of two leagues broad, into a large and main sea.

The World encompassed by Sir F. Drake, 1578.

The gally gives her side, and turns her prow;
While those astern descending down the steep,
Thro' gaping waves behold the boiling deep.

Dryden. Virgil. Æneis, b. i. But at seven in the evening, finding we did not near the chase, and that the Wager was very far a-stern, we shortened sail, and made a signal for the cruizers to join the squadron. Anson. Voyage, b. i. c. 3. ASTERTE. A. S. Astirian, to move, to stir. Past part. Astered, Astert.

To move, to get away, to escape. See START, and ASTERN.

Though that I no wepin have in this place,

But out of prisoun am asterte by grace,

I drede nought, that eyther thou shalt die,

Or thou ne shalt not loven Emelie.

Chese which thou wolt, for thou shalt not asferte.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1597.

The absolute cure of an asthma depends on thinning the blood, and stretching the pulmonic arteries.

Cheyne. On the Natural Meth. of Cure, pt. iii. c. 2. He had no other distemper but his asthma.

The Life of Locke, p. 22. Prefixed to his Works. He [Locke] continued in it till the year 1700, when, upon the increase of his asthmatic disorder, he was forced to resign it [board of trade.]-Id. p. 19.

He was always asthmatical, and the dregs of the small pox falling on his lungs, he had a constant deep cough. Burnett. Own Time, Will. III. 1702.

to.

ASTIPULATE. Į Fr. Astipulateur; Sp. ASTIPULATION. Estipular.

To contract, to bargain, to covenant or agree See STIPULATION.

In whiche examinacion he [Sir W. Stanley] nothinge denyed, but wysely and seriously did astipulate and agree to all thinges layed to hys charge, if he were in any of theim culpable or blame worthy.-Hall. Hen. VII. an. 10.

Shortly, all, but a hateful Epicurus, have astipulated to this truth and if some fancied a transmigration of souls into their bodies; others a passage to the stars, which formerly governed them; others to I know not what Elysian fields; all have pitched upon a separate condition.

Bp. Hall. Invisible World, b. ii.

I do by my royal authority, confirm to persons of monastical religion, and by the consent and astipulation of my princes and peers do establish and consign to them that monastery.-Id. Honour of Married Clergy, 8. 10.

ASTONE.
ASTONY.
ASTO NIEDNESS.
ASTO NYING.
ASTONISH.
ASTONISHEDly.
ASTONISHING.
ASTONISHINGLY.
ASTONISHMENT.

A. S. Stunian, to stun. Fr. Estonner.

To stupefy, to dull, or deaden; to benumb, to daunt, to appal, to abash, to amaze, to confound. See the quotations from Bacon and Burke. Barret in v. Benumming uses Astoniedness. And anoon alle the puple seynge Jhesus was astonyed and thei dredden, and thei rennynge gretten him. Wiclif. Mark, c. 9.

No wonder is though that she be astoned,
To see so gret a gest come in that place,
She never was to non swiche gestes woned,
For which she loked with ful pale face.

Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale, v. 8192.
And with that word, the arwes in the cas
Of the goddesse clatteren fast and ring,
And forth she went, and made a vanishing,
For which this Emilie astonied was,
And sayde; what amounteth this, alas!

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2363. But netheles howe that it wende, He drad hym of his owne sonne, That maketh hym well the more astone.

Gower. Con. A. b. vi.

Then Daniel called Belthasar, being amased, spake not almost of an hour (he was so astonned that the kynge began to awake him oute of his trowblous cogitacions and heuye mynde.-Joye. The Expos. of Daniel, c. 4.

And the Lord shal smite thee with madnes, and with blindnes, and with astonying of heart. Geneva Bible. Deuteronomie.

Be astonyshed (O ye heauês), be afrayde, and abashed at Boch a thinge, sayethe the Lorde. For my people hath done two euels.-Bible, 1539. Jeremy, c. 2.

I am sore vexed for the hurt of the daughter of my people;

I am heauy, and astonishment hathe taken me.

Geneva. Bible. Jeremiah, c.8. He [Hor. Cocles] so bent his sword and target in their verie faces, resolute to encounter with them hand to hand, that even with his wonderfull hardines and incredible courage he astonied and amazed his enemies.

But all sat mute,

Pondering the danger with deep thoughts; and each
In other's count'nance read his own dismay
Astonisht.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. il.

Was it, that thy amazedness as yet received not the purposed issue of this seizure, and astonishedly waited for the Buccess? was it, that though Judas were more faulty, yet Malchus was more imperiously cruel? Bp. Hall. Contemplations.

For astonishment, it is caused by the fixing of the minde upon one object of cogitation, whereby it doth not spatiate and transcurre, as it useth.-Bacon, Nat. History, § 720. Princes, Potentates, Warriors, the flow'r of heav'n, once yours, now lost, If such astonishment as this can seize Eternal spirits.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. i.

Milton's plan did not admit any characters; but most of those whom he has introduced are formed and discriminated with consummate propriety. Satan is astonishingly superior to all other fiends.-Beattie. Modern Science, vol. ii. Astonishment is that state of the soul, in which all its motions are suspended, with some degree of horror. Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful.

ASTOUND. Tooke (vol. i. p. 471) conASTOUND, ad. siders the adverb Astound to be the past part. Estonné (Estonned) of the French verb Estonner (now written Etonner), to astonish. But the more immediate derivation perhaps is from the verb Astone, Astoned; Aston'd, Astound. See ASTONE.

Atte laste myd a denchax me smot hym to grounde
In the heuede, that he lay, and deyde in astounde.
R. Gloucester, p. 299.

And with this word she fell to ground
Aswoune, and there she laie astound.

-Adam, soon as he heard The fatal trespass don by Eve, amaz'd, Astonied stood and blank, while horror chill Ran through his veins, and all his joynts relax'd. Millon. Paradise Lost, b. ix.

[Caramandus] saw in his slepe the likenesse of a woma with a grim and terrible contenance, which saide she was a goddesse; at her syght he was so astraught [exterritus], that of his own mynde vnrequested, he made peace with ye Massiliens.-Goldyng. Justine, fol. 179.

You wer vtterly astraunged from the title and felowship of the nacion of Jewes, vnto whome he semed to be peculyarlye promised.-Udal. Ephesians, c. 2.

ASTRAY. Astraged, past part. of the A. S. verb, Stragan, to stray, to scatter, (Tooke, i. 468.) The vngodly are frowarde, euen from their mother's wombe; as soone as they be borne, they go a straye and speake lyes Bible, 1539. Psalm 58.

First euery day, beseech thy God on knee,
So to direct thy stagg'ring steppes alway;
That he which euery secrete thought doth see,
May holde thee in, when thou wouldst goe astray.
Gascoigne. Councell giuen.

May seeme the waine was very euill led,
When such an one had guiding of the way;
That knew not, whether right he went, or else astray.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 4.

Chace from our minds the infernal foe,
And peace, the fruit of love, bestow:
And lest our feet shou'd step astray,
Protect and guide us in the way.-Dryden. Veni Creator.
And darkness and doubt are now flying away,
No longer I roam in conjecture forlorn;

So breaks on the traveller, faint and astray,
The bright and the balmy effulgence of morn.

ASTRICT, v. ASTRICT, adj. ASTRICTION.

ASTRICTIVE.

Beattie. The Hermit.

Fr. Astriction; It. Astrignente; Sp. Astringente; Lat. Astringere, Astrictum, Astringens, to straiten,(Adstringere, of unsettled etymology.)

ASTRINGE. ASTRINGENT, adj. ASTRINGENT, n. ASTRINGENTLY. close; to bind, to contract.

To make strict or strait; to tighten, to draw tight or

As fier beyng éclosed in a straite place, wil by force vtter his flame, & as ye course of water astricted & letted wil flow & brust out in continuaŭce of tyme: so thys cacard crocodyle, & subtile serpet, could not log lurk in malicious hartes, nor venemous stomackes, but in conclusion she must (acoording to her nature) appere & shew herself.

Hall. Hen. VI. an. 37.

As well they as al other the subjectes of the realme of Fraunce, were most astringed, obliged and bounde to your highnes. They reconned and accompted them selfes, all thair successours, and posteritie, to be perpetually astringed, and bounde to beere unto your grace thair herty service. State Papers. Walsey to Hen. VIII. 1527.

The moister any thing is, the softer also it is found to be: semblably, given it is to cold, to astringe and congeal: it foltowe therefore of necessity, that whatsoever is most astrict and congealed, as is the truth, is likewise the coldest. Holland. Plutarch, p. 819.

Teares are caused by a contraction of the spirits of the brain; which contraction by consequence astringeth the moisture of the brain, and thereby sendeth teares into the eyes. Bacon. Nat. Ilist. § 714.

Being sodden, it is astrictive, and will strengthen a weake stomacke; and eaten raw, it bindeth the belly, and stayeth the laske.-Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 8.

The naked braunches and bunches whereupon there were grapes have an astrictive vertue.-Id. Ib. b. xxiii. c. 1.

Among those medicines which they call stypticke or astringent, there is not a better thing than to boile the root of this blackberrie bramble to the thirds; and, namely, to make a collution therewith to wash the cankers or sores breeding in the mouth.-Id. Ib. b. xxiv. c. 13.

For astriction prohibiteth dissolution: as we see generally in medicines, whereof such as are astringents do inhibit putrefaction: and by the same reason of astringency, some small quantity of oil of vitriol will keep fresh water long from putrifying.-Bacon. Nat. Hist. § 342.

So of marriage he is the author and the witness; yet hence will not follow any divine astriction more than what is subordinate to the glory of God, and the main good of either party.-Milton. Doctrine of Divorce, b. i. c. 13.

Do not the words astringent, narcotic, epispastic, caustic, and innumerable others, signify qualities of bodies, which are known only by their effects upon animal bodies? Reid. Inquiry, c. 6. s. 5. On stride, on straddle. See STRIDE and STRADDLE.

ASTRIDE. ASTRA'DDLE.

And yet for all that, rode astride on a beast,
The worst that e'er went on three legs I protest.
C. Cotton. A Voyage to Ireland.

A'STROIT.

Gr. Aσrpov, a star A stone sparkling like a star.

As touching astroites, manie make great account of it; and such as have written more diligently thereof, doe report, that Zoroaster has highly commended it, and told wonders thereof in art magicke.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxxvii. c. 9.

The little astroits doubtful race,
For starry rays, and pencil'd shades admir'd.

Jago. Edge Hill, b. iv. Fr. Astrolabe; It. Astrolabio; Sp. Astrolabio, from AσTηp, a star, and λaußave, to take. A flat round instrument, whereby the several motions of heavenly bodies, and the length, height, and breadth of any other thing, may be discerned and found out, (Cotgrave.)

The firste partye of this treatise shall rehearse the figures, and the members of thine astrolaby, bycause that thou shalt haue the greater knowing of thyne owne instrument. Chaucer. Astrolabie.

She sende for hym, and he came, With hym his astrolabe he name; With pointes and circles merueilous, Whiche was of fine gold precious.-Gower. Con. A. b. vi. And herein were the Portugals very prosperous, one of whose princes brought first into use the astrolabe, and tables of declination, with other arithmetical and astronomical rules applicable to navigation.—Evelyn. Navigation, § 29. Liv'd Tycho now, struck with this ray which shone More bright i' th' morn, than others beam at noon, He'd take his astrolabe, and seek out here What new star 'twas did gild our hemisphere. Dryden. On the Death of Lord Hastings. Fr. Astrologie; It. Astrologia; Sp. Astrologia; Lat. Astrologia; Gr. Aoτρολογία, from Αστήρ, α star, and Aeye, to speak. Astrology appears to have been used by old writers as synonymous with astronomy. Ptolemy calls it-

-ASTROLOGY. ASTROLOGER. ASTROLOGIAN.

ASTROLOGICK.

ASTROLOGICAL.

ASTROLOGICALLY.

The science or knowledge of the stars or heavenly bodies.

Astronomyens al day in here art faillen

That whilen warned men byfore, what shoulde by falle after. Piers Plouhman, p. 290.

Lo astronomyens camen fro the eest to Jerusalem. And seiden, where is he that is borun kyng of the Jewis? for we han seen his sterre in the eest; and we comen for to worschipe him.-Wiclif. Math. c. 2.

With us ther was a doctour of phisike,
In all this world ne was ther non him like
To speke of phisike, and of surgerie ;
For he was grounded in astronomie..

Chaucer. The Prologue.

The poets olde in their fonde fables faine,
That mightie Mars is god of warre and strife,
These astronomers thinke, where Mars doth raigne,
That all debate and discorde must be rife.

Gascoigne. Fruites of Warre.

Though there had been no political relations, this very astronomical miracle had been enough to fetch them to Jerusalem; that they might see the man, for whose sake the sun forsook his place, or the shadow forsook the sun. Bp. Hall. Contemplations. Hezekiah sick.

Images astronomically framed under certain constellations to preserve from several inconveniences, as under the sign of the Lion the figure of a Lion made in gold, against melancholic fancies, dropsie, plague, fevers. Id. Cases of Conscience, Dis. 3. c. 2.

And, what was ominous, that very morn
The sun was enter'd into Capricorn;
Which, by their bad astronomer's account,
That week the virgin balance shou'd remount.

Dryden. Hind & Panther.

Why should he halt at either station? why
Not forward run in unobstructive sky?
Can he not pass an astronomic line?
Or does he dread th' imaginary sign?

Blackmore. Creation, b. ii.

Chaucer. Astrolabie.

Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels; let now the astrologers, the starre ghasers, and prognosticators, stád up, and saue thee from these things that shall come upon thee.-Geneva Bible. Isaiah, xlvii. 13.

Atlas, the son of Libya, (or, as some say, the Ægyptians, and as others, the Assyrians,) invented astrologie. Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 56. The above named astrologers affirmed, that a man could not possibly passe the space of 90 degrees from the ascendent, or erection of his nativities.-Id. Ib. c. 49.

It may be to good purpose, to set downe and prescribe certain rules, by the scale and square whereof astrologicall observations may be examined; that what is fruitful may be retained; what is frivolous, rejected.

Bacon. On Learning. By Wats, 1640. Plutarch interprets astrologically that tale of Mars and Venus.-Burton. Anat. of Melancholy, p. 443.

The Marquess of Huntly was in the king's interests; but would not join with him, though his sons did: astrology ruined him; he believed the stars, and they deceived him. Burnet. Own Time, b. i. But Chaucer was likewise an astrologer, as were Virgil, Horace, Persius, and Manilius.-Dryden. Pref. to Fables.

. On which was written

Many rare pithy saws concerning,

The worth of astrologic learning.—Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. Since God did not make them [the stars], nor any thing else in the world, singly for themselves alone, but also to contribute to the publick good of the universe, their physical influence seeming inconsiderable, they knew not well what else could be worthy of them, unless it were to portend human events. This indeed is the best sence that can be made of astrological prognostication; but it is a business that stands upon a very weak and tottering, if not impossible, foundation.-Cudworth. Intel. System, p. 5.

More wonders typical impress the sky,
Then c'er was trac'd with astrologic eye!
Brook. Man of Lawe's Tale, modernized.

This was also for the sake of such as are not very con

Derham. Astro-Theology, Prel. Discourse

The old ascetick Christians found a paradise in a desert and with little converse on earth, held a conversation in heaven; thus they astronomized in caves; and, though they beheld not the stars, had the glory of heaven before them.-Brown. Christ. Mor. ii. 9.

My opinion of astronomy has always been, that it is not the best medium through which to prove the agency of an intelligent Creator: but that this being proved, it shows, beyond all other sciences, the magnificence of his creations. Paley. Natural Theology, c. 22. Well ASTRUCTIVE, Adstruo, Adstructum. opposed by Hall to Destructive.

The true method of Christian practice is first destructive, then astructive; according to the prophet, cease to do eril, teacheth us ill fashions, and then teacheth good. learn to do good, this our Apostle observes; who first un

Our Henry Hotspur next, for high achievement meet. Who with the thund'ring noise of his swift courser's feet Astunn'd the earth, that day, that he in Holmdon's strife Took Douglas, with the Earls of Angus and of Fife. Drayton. Poly-Gibion, Song 18

The vain stroke from such an height, With such a force impell'd, headlong drew down The unwieldy champion: on the solid ground, He fell rebounding breathless and astunn'd, His trunk extended lay. Somerville. Hobbinol, ASTUTE. Lat. Astutus, from the Gr. AOTU, a city. As Urbanus is applied to those who have the polished manners of an inhabitant of a city

Others acknowledge, that there is indeed moral good and evil; but they want some criterion, or mark, by the help of which they might know them asunder.

Wollaston. Religion of Nature, s. 1.

There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart:
It does not feel for man; the nat'ral bond
Of brotherhood is sever'd as the flax
That falls as under at the touch of fire.-Cowper. Task, b. ii.

ASWE/VED. A. S. Swef-ed, Swefian, sopire, to bring asleep. See SWEVYN.

For so astonied and aswened
Was euery vertue in me heued.

Chaucer. The House of Fame, b. ii. c. 4.

ASWO ON. The past part. Asuand, Asuond, of the verb Suanian, Aswunan, deficere animo, (Tooke, i. 471.) But see SwOON. See the quo

tation from Gower in v. Astound.

In a swoon, stupor, faint, trance.

The deal that made Innogen, no tonge ne telle ne may
Heo cryede and wep with sorwe ynow, and ofte yswone lay.
R. Gloucester, p. 13.

Tho shright this faucon yet more pitously
Than ever she did, and fell to ground anon,
And lith astoune, as ded as lith a ston,
Til Canace hath in hire lappe hire take,
Unto that time she gan of swoune awake.
And after that she out of swoune abraide,
Right in hire haukes leden thus she sayde.

Chaucer. The Squiere's Tale, v. 10,788. ASYLUM. Fr. Asyle; It. Asilo; Sp. Asylo; Lat. Asylum; Gr. Aovλov. Ab, a, priv. et ovan, quod est spolium; quia, eo qui confugissent, hos spoliare non liceret, (Vossius.) Because those who fled to them were secure from harm. the quotations.

See

Wherefore it cannot possibly otherwise be but that the

finiteness, scantness, and imperfection of our narrow underto that which is absolutely and infinitely perfect.

standings, must make them assymetral or incommensurate,

Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 640. Quantities compared with respect to such a measure are by geometricians wont to be called symmetrous or assyme trous, i. e. commensurable or incommensurable. Barrow. Math. Lectures, Lec. 15.

A'SYMPTOTE. Comp. of Gr. a, not, σuv, with, and TITTEL, to fall.

That never falls in with, or upon: applied to lines in Geometry.

Is not the whole doctrine of asymptotical lines thus effectually overthrown;-a doctrine, indeed, wonderful, but no less certain than any other part of geometry. Barrow. Math. Lectures, Lect. 9.

AT. This preposition is usually derived from the Latin Ad. Skinner says, At, ab; A. S. Et, ad, apud, utr. a Lat. Ad. In our old writers we find applications of the word differing from those in modern use. Thus, in Robert of Gloucester, At stonde, and at holde; now, with-stand, and with-hold. In Chaucer, to see at eye, i. e. with eye, &c. By Wilkins it is used to denote, touching by approach the surface; in opposition to from, touching on departure the opposite edge or

surface.

At may thus be said to be used to denoteNear approach, nearness or proximity, adjunction or conjunction, association or consociation, connection, consequence.

[They] fogte and slowe much folk, for no mon hem at stod.
R. Gloucester, p. 15.
Hym ne mygte no more at stonde.-Id. p. 15.
His truage at holde a yer, for loue ne nolde nogt.-Id. p. 60.
The kyng Cassibel anon for joye made ys heste,
That alle the knygtes of hys lond come to ys feste,
To London at a certeyn day, and here wyues al so,
Here sacrifise to here Godes, as rygt was, to do.-Id. p. 52.
The kyng, that ys myn vncle, he ys at thi wille.-Id. p. 58.
He ouer tok hym at an hauene and slog hym rygt there.
Id. p. 64.

Erles, barons, inowe mad him ther feaute
With oth he did tham bowe, at his wille to be.
R. Brunne, p. 331.
For he had mayntend the werre at his myght.—Id. p. 329.
And thei helden the word at hemsilf seekinge what this
schulde be, whanne he had risun agen fro deeth.
Wiclif. Mark, c. 9.

And Jhesus answerde and seyde to hem, a unfeithful generacioun and weyward: hou longe schal I be at you, and suffre you?-Id. Luke, c. 9.

And dwelle ye in the same hous etinge and drynkynge tho thingis that been at hem, for a werkman is worthi his hire, nyle ye passe fro hous into hous.-Id. Ib. c. 10.

I speke tho thingis that I saigh at my fadir; and ye doen tho thingis that ye saighen at youre fadir. Id. Ion. c. 8.

Therfore we iustified of feith haue we pees at god bi oure lord ihesu crist.-Id. Romayns, c. 5.

Be ghe no thing bisi, but in al preier and bisechyng with doyng of thankyngis be ghoure axyngis knowun at god. Id. Filipensis, c. 4.

For all the field was but of sand
As smal as men may see at eye
In the desert of Lybye.-Chaucer. The House of Fame.
And than shal all this gold departed be,
My dere frend, betwixen thee and me:
Than moun we bothe our lustes all fulfille,
And play at dis right at our owen wille.

Id. The Pardoneres Tale, v. 12,768.

Neither is there any atazie to be feared in bringing in this distinction, betwixt pastors and the flock it is an eulaxie, rather, and such, as without which, nothing could ensue, but confusion. Bp. Hall. Epis. by Divine Right, pt. iii. § 1.

A'THEISM. A'THEIST, N. A'THEIST, adj. ATHEISTICAL. ATHEISTICAlly. ATHEISTICALNESS. ATHEISTICK. A'THZIZE. A'THEOUS.

Fr. Athéisme; It. Atersmo; Sp. Atheismo; Lat. Atheos; Gr. Abeos, from a, priv. and Geos, God.

See DEITY, and the quotation from Bacon.

Atheologian rests upon the authority of Hayward.

It appeareth in nothing more, that atheisme is rather in the lip, than in the heart of man, than by this; that atheists will ever be talking of that their opinion, as if they fainted in it, within themselves, and would be glad to be strength

ened by the consent of others: nay more, you shall have atheists strive to get disciples, as it fareth with other sects: and, which is most of all, you shall have of them that will suffer for atheisme, and not recant; whereas if they did truly

thinke that there were no such thing as God, why should they trouble themselves?-Bacon. Essay. Of Atheisme.

Nor stood unmindful Abdiel to annoy
The Atheist crew, but with redoubl'd blow
Ariel and Arioch, and the violence
Of Ramiel scorcht and blasted overthrew.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vi.

There is no knowledge, whereof God is not the author. He would never have bestowed any gift, that should lead us away from himself. It is an ignorant conceit, that enquiry

into nature should make them atheistic.

Bp. Hall. Contemplations. The Sages & Star.

Nay, there are some vile things, which, through the evil discoursings and worse manners of men, are passed into an artificial and false reputation, and men are accounted wits. for talking atheistically, and valiant for being murderers. Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 2.

Lord purge and powerfully work out of all hearts that profaneness and atheisticalness, those sacrilegious thirsts and enormous violations of all that is holy.

Hammond. Works, vol. i. p. 500.

This passionate love of folly, [is] improved into an habitual, steddy course of atheisticallness, a deliberate, peremp tory, final reprobating of Heaven (the purity at once, and the bliss of it).-Id. Ib. vol. iv. p. 580.

If there be not devotion enough in our bosom to make God ours, in vain shall we hope to stand before our enemies. This only, whatsoever the profane heart of atheous men may imagine, this is the great ordnance, which can batter down the walls of our enemies, yea the very black gates of hell itself. Bp. Hall. Ser. Defeat of Cruelty.

Thy father, who is holy, wise, and pure,
Suffers the hypocrite, or atheous priest,
To tread his sacred courts, and minister
About his altar, handling holy things.

Milton. Paradise Regained, b. i.

We shall now make a diligent search and enquiry, to see if we can find any other philosophers who atheized before they entertained.-Cudworth. Intell. System, p. 111. Democritus and Leucippus, as also what form of atheism

These men were indeed the first atheizers of this ancient atomick physiology, or the inventors and broachers of the atomick atheism.-Id. Ib. Pref.

They of your society [Jesuits,] as they took their original from a soldier, so they are the only atheologians, whose heads entertain no other object but the tumult of realms; whose doctrine is nothing but confusion and bloodshed. Hayward. Answ. to Doleman, c. 9.

Speculative atheism is unreasonable, and that upon these five accounts: 1. Because it gives no tolerable account of the existence of the world. 2. Nor does it give any reasonable account of the universal consent of mankind in this apprehension, that there is a God. 3. It requires more evidence for things than they are capable of. 4. The Atheist pretends to know that which no man can know. 5. Atheism contradicts itself.-Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 1.

A, Seinte Mary, benedicite What aileth this love at me To binde me so sore?

Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 3. After this manner, authority working in a circle, they endeavoured to atheize one another.

Bp. Berkley. The Minute Philosopher, Dial. 2. Where England, stretch'd towards the setting sun, Narrow and long, o'erlooks the western wave, Dwelt young Misagathus; a scorner he Of God and goodness, atheist in ostent, Vicious in act, in temper savage, fierce.

P

Cowper. Task, b. vi.