A brief, breve or breviary, is a short, concise, compendious writing; appointing or describing something to be done-in a brief style, in a few words; or containing shortly or briefly in an abridged or compendious form, the substance of something larger or more expanded. For whilom thou wrote him tille, & cald him in thi brefe, Thi kynde, faythfulle & leale of Gascoyn noble duke, Therto thou set thi seale.-R. Brunne, p. 259. And cam with hus letteres Baldely to the bushope, and hus breef had In countreyes thr cam confessions to hure. Piers Plouhman, p. 408. Besydis this it is yt very breif copendious some and reherceall of the storye of the hole worlde, euen from the firste monarchye to the laste, setting before our eyes the cleare examples of the good and euil princes and rulers. Joye. Expos. Daniel. Epist. Ded. To bee briefe, my men became weake and sicke, and if we had stayed any longer time out, I doubt whether the greatest part of vs had euer come aboord againe. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 674. He is on our syde, he holdeth with vs, hee speaketh for vs, hee excuseth vs, hee maketh our cause good: briefly hee obtayneth all thinges for vs.-Barnes. Workes, p. 347. We hadde not requyred this audyence (lordes Lacedemoniens) if this people here hadde answeredde briefly to the interrogation made vnto them.-Nicolls. Thucydides, fol. 86. Takyng his enteraunce at the first conception of John the Baptist, and makyng relacion of verye muche matter touchyng the natiuitie, and concernyng the babehoode, yea and certayne poyntes furthermore concernyng the childhood of Jesus, making also rehersall of many parables and miracles whiche the other euägelistes for loue of briefnes had let passe ne any thing spoken of.-Udal. Pref. to Luke. To whom in brief thus Abdiel stern replied: But Valla leaves it cleerly out and with his briefnesse utterly maimes the simile which, (to my understanding being so excellent) I could not but with thus much repetition and labour inculcate the sence of it. I wonder he hath soff'red been His hogges doe root our younger treen, Browne. The Shepheard's Pipe, Ecl. 2. If we thought ye would through malice, conspiracie, or discention, leaue vs your friendes in the briers and betray vs, wee could as well sundry wayes foresee and prouide for our owne safegards, as any of you, by betraying vs can doe for yours.-Stow. Edw. VI. an. 1552. How much more comfortable it is to walk in smooth and even paths, than to wander in rugged ways, overgrown with briars, obstructed with rubs and beset with snares. Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 30. But, Venus, quite abandon'd to despair, Cowper. Task, b. vi. It. Brigata; Fr. "Brigader; to accompany or associate one another; to troop, See or keep company together," (Cotgrave.) BRIGUE. Duchat thinks it is derived from the Ger. Brecken, to break. The brigade supposes a great body of troops, from which it has been detached; broken away. The verb is in use in common speech. There stood a hill not far whose griesly top BRIGAND. BRIGANDAGE. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xvii. Recause I did more particularly design from the text to speak of the temporal benefits and advantages which redound to men from religion, therefore I shall content myself to shew very briefly how a religious and virtuous life doth conduce to our future happiness.-Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 4. Thomson, who had been rewarded for his attendance by the place of secretary of the briefs, pays in the initial lines a decent tribute to his memory.-Johnson. Life of Thomson. We ought to be thankful to Providence even for that brief respite from the miseries and desolations of war. Porteus. Charge to the Diocese of London. In these prayers might be briefly expressed some of the principal duties of a christian life, which, by being constantly repeated would be insensibly and deeply impressed both upon their memory and their hearts. Id. Civilization of Negro Slaves. BRIER. A. S. Brær. Benson gives the BRIERY.A. S. Abryran, pungere, to prick. And Somner says Abryrd, (i. e. abryr'ed, the past part.) contrite, broken, bruised, pricked (as it were with briers.) Applied to The thorns or prickles; the plant itself. But that that is brynginge forth thornes and breris is repreuable and next to curs, whos endyng schal be unto brennyng.-Wiclif. Ebrewis, c. 6. But that grounde which beareth thornes and bryars, is reproued, and is nye vnto cursynge whose end is to be burned.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Thise ben the new shepherdes, that let hir shepe wetingly go renne to the wolf, that is in the breres and do no force of hir owen governance.-Chaucer. The Persones Tale. Thus still I toyle, to till the barraine land, And grope for grappes among the bramble briers, I strive to saile and yet I strike on sand, 1 deeme to liue, yet drown in deepe desires. Gascoigne. A Louer often warned. It taketh no rote in a briery place, ne in marice, neither in the sande that fleeteth awaye, but it requireth a pure, a trymme and a substauncial grounde.-Udai. James, c. 1. BRIGANDER. BRIGANTINE. BRIGANDIZE. Fr. Brigand, brigandine, brigantine; It. Brigante, brigantino; Sp. Bregante, bergantin. Skinner thinks with reason that, as soldiers were formerly called brigans, the true etymology is brigade, (qv.); and indeed, he adds, there is little difference between soldiers and robbers. Brigades, it may be added, were parties detached, broken away from the main body, partly for foraging and plundering, "In old time," says Cotgrave, "when those kind that they could purloin from the people; of soldiers marched, they held all to be good prize thereupon this word now signifies also and "A thief, purse-taker, highway robber." Brigandine and brigander,-armour worn by the brigands, consisting of many jointed, scale-like Gower plates, very pliant and easy for the body. writes Brigantaille. Brigantin or brigandine,-a vessel used by the brigands or pirates; a low, long, and swift vessel. The churche laie in aduenture It thought them then not honeste.-Gower. Con. A. And at their comming, himself wt the Duke of Bukinghā, stode harnesed in old ilfaring brigaders, such as no mã shold wene yt thei wold vouchsafe to haue put vpō their backes, except that some sodaine necessitie had costrained the. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 55. He promysed with a fyve hundred speares, and a thousande brigans afote, to come into the fronter of Genes, and to passe ouer the ryuer, wheder their ennemyes wolde or natte.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 177. fordes, he anone apparaylled hym with the knyghtes appaAnd so soon as Jak Cade had thus ouer comyn the Stafrayll, and dyd on hym his bryganders set with gylt nayle, and hys salet and gylt sporis.-Fabyan, an. 1450. In stede of a scepter they haue a crosyers staffe: they haue theyr brigandyne, theyr souldiers girdle, and to he shorte, al that complete harnes which that valiaunt warriour Saincte Paule describeth vnto them in sondry places. Udal. Mark, Pref. They have also armed horses with their shoulders and breasts defenced, they haue helmets and brigandines. Huckingl. Voyages, vol. i. p. 62. True it is that fiue or six & twenty that were in the Art. gantine discouered these ships when they were nere them, which seeing themselues pressed for want of leisure to weigh their anker, cut their cable.-Hackluyt. Voy. vol. ii. p. 333. His vyage was with diligence and speede as appertained, not wastfully spent in riot and pleasures: himselfe with his iron brigandine, marching before the enseignes on foote, not decked, not trimmed, but soldier-like, and vnlike the name that went of him.-Savile. Taciles. Historie, p. 59. Great Neptune grieued vnderneath the load Of ships, hulkes, gallies, barks, and brigandines, In all the mid-earth seas was left no road Wherin the Pagan his bold sailes vntwines. Fairefax. Godfrey of Borlogne, b. i. s. 79. What is then to be done? Shall we constraine our youth to go aboord unto the brigantine or barke of Epicurus, to saile away and flie from Poetry by plastring and stopping their eares with hard and strong waxe, as Ulysses sometimes served those of Ithaca.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 16. [They] being better fitted to brigandize than open fight in the field, are weaponed with long pikes, and armed with habergeons made of shaved and smoothed hornes, which further-wise are wrought close into linnen jackes. Id. Ammianus, p. 94. The reason of such laws is evident, it was not at all for the public good to suffer peasants and mechanics to neglect their occupations, and to run up and down the woods and forests, armed: which in time, through their idle habits, and domestic distresses, draws them on to robbery and brigandage: nor to permit the populace, in towns and cities, to have, and cary arms at their pleasure; which would give opportunity and encouragement to sedition and commotions. Warburton. Alliance between Church and State, b. iii. c. 3. BRIGHT. BRIGHTEN. BRIGHTLY. BRIGHTNESS. BRIGHTSOMENESS. Goth. Bairhts, bairhtyan; A. S. Beorht, beorhtian; manifestare, clarere, clarescere to be or make clear. Evident, clear, manifest; luminous, shining, splendid, conspicuous, illustrious. Bright is prefixed to many words; and may be so to more. Att north gate of London heo buryode this gode knygt A brightnesse com fro heuen, & on Roberd light R. Brunne, p. 103. For yf all thy body shall be lyghte. But yet hauynge no parte darke: then shall all be full of lyght, euen as when a candell doeth lyght the with his brightnes.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Til whan the shadow is cuerpasst, She is illumined agein as fast, Through the brightnes of sonne beames, That yeueth to her againe her lemes. Chaucer. The Rom. of the Rose The ground thereof was all gold and the flowers were al of sattyn siluer so that by the brightsomeness of the gold, the flowers appeared so freshly that they semed as they were growyng in dede.- Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 19. There were two honors lost yours, and your sonnes, Shakespeare. 2 Part Hen. IV. Act ii. sc. 3. What happiness, who can enjoy alone, Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xxi. But the cause why they shew lesse is their altitude: like as the fixed starres, which by reason of the sunnes trightnesse are not seene in the day time. Holland. Plinie, b. ii. c. 14. Let mighty 3penser raise his reverend head, Come then, my soul, be this thy guest, And leave to knaves and fools the rest; With this thou ever shalt be gay, And night shall brighten into day.-Cotton. Night Picee. However, this was only a transient cloud; they were hid but a moment; and their constellation blazed out with greater brightness, and a far more vigorous influence, some time after it was blown over. Burke. On the Cause of the present Discontent. BRIGUE. Fr. Brigue; It. Briga, an alterBRIGO'SE. cation; I believe, from A. S. Brice, a rupture-as we say, a breach of the peace, a rupture of friendship, (Skinner.) And, to briqueTo contest or contend, to canvass, to strive. Ye knowen wel that min adversaries han begonne this debat and brige by his outrage.-Chaucer. Tale of Melibeus. Which two words, as conscious that they were very brigose and severe, (if too generally taken, therefore) he softens them in the next immediate words by an apology. Puller. Moderation of the Church of England, p. 324. Our adversaries, by briguing and caballing, have caused BO universal a defection from us, that the greatest part of our society hath already deserted to them. BRILLIANCY. BRILLIANT, n. BRILLIANT, adj. BRILLIANTLY. Swift. Tale of a Tub, Introd. Fr. "Bril, a glitter, sparkle, twinkle. Briller, to glitter, twinkle, sparkle as a star, or like a good diamond." Cotgrave should have said-like a beryl, (qv.) Brilliant, a glittering, splendid, sparkling stone; the adj. glittering, splendid, sparkling, shining, illustrious. In deference to his virtues, I forbear To shew you what the rest in order were: This snuff-box-on the hinge see brilliants shine! Pope. The Basset Table. An Eclogue. Some in a brilliant buckle bind her waist, Some round her neck a circling light display. Gay. Araminta. An Elegy. One of these is most brilliantly displayed, and charged with Adam and Eve, the serpent with a human shape to the middle, the tree of life, the holy lamb, and a variety of symbolical ornaments. Warton. History of English Poetry, vol. ii. A circumstance intervened, during the pendency of this negociation, to set off the good faith of the company with an additional brilliancy, and to make it sparkle and glow with a variety of splendid faces.-Burke. On Fox's E. India Bill. In ev'ry eye ten thousand brilliants blaze, And living pearls the vast horizon gaze. Brooks. Universal Beauty, b. v. In traces brilliant overlaid with gems, And leith dune in to the brimme And doth ham sleilick for to swimme. An old Satirical Poem. Hickes, vol. i. p. 233. So losse of goodes shall neuer trouble me, Then should I hereafter not once so much as dare to set pen to paper for feare of controlment and check, which howe greuous it is to a yong man nowe (as it were) but tasting with his lippe the brim of learnings fountaine, and saluting the Muses at the doore and thresholl, neyther is our Ladyship ignoraunt, and I my selfe presume to know. Turberville. To Lady Warwick. A bright tinne dish most pleased him, which he presently tooke vp and clapt it before his breast; and after made a hole in the brimme thereof and hung it about his necke, making signes that it would defend him against his enemies arrowes.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. 247. p. For there shal be poured in your lappes backe againe a good measure brimful, a measure turned and shaken together euery where, that all the lappe may be full, and no corner thereof empty or voyde.-Udal. Luke, c. 6. So are his branches seas, and in the rich Guiana, Virgin, daughter of Locrine That tremble down the snowy hills.-Milton. Comus. Not to speake of the insulse, and ill-laid comparisons, this cited place lies upon the very brim of another corruption, which had they that quoted this passage, ventur'd to let us BRIMSTONE. BRIMSTONY. Brynston, as written by Piers Plouhman. "Sulphur, read, all men would have readily seen what grain the testi (q.d.) Brenne-stone, lapis ardens;" burning stone, a stone that burns, because it is kindled by fire; (Gr. Пup.) Sulfur is also so called, quia igne accenditur. See Vossius. mony had bin of, where it is said, that it is not lawful without a bishop to baptize, nor to offer, nor to do sacrifice. Id. Of Prelatical Episcopacy. Also in cups that are filled brimful the middle part in the top swell most.-Holland. Plinie, b. ii. c. 65. O thou undaunted daughter of desires! By all thy brimfill'd bowls of fierce desise; Leave nothing of myself in me. Crashaw. The Flaming Heart. The Scot, on his vnfurnisht kingdome Came pouring like the tyde into a breach, With ample, and brim fulnesse of his force, Galling the gleaned land with hot assayes. Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act i. sc. 2. But where friends fail us we'll supply Our friendships with our charity; Men that remote in sorrows live, Shall by our lusty brimmers thrive.-Cotton. Winter. In imitation hereof, the antient potters invented the brimming of their vessels, by turning over some of the ductile matter when the work was on the wheel. Evelyn. On Architecture. This said, a double wreath Evander twind: And poplars black and white his temples bind. Then brims his ample bowl: with like design The rest invoke the gods, with sprinkled wine. Dryden. Virgil. Eneis, b. viii Kneeling down upon the ground, he took up with his hat, which by cocking up the brims he turned into a kind of cup, such a proportion of water that he quenched his thirst with it.-Boyle. Occasional Reflections, s. 4. Dis. 11. I have heard my father say, that a broad brimm'd hat, short hair, and an unfolded hankerchief, were in his time absolutely necessary to denote a notable man. Spectator, No. 150. Before the world or any part of it had being, God was brimfull of glory, infinitely happy in the enjoyment of himself, being all joy and bliss, all honour and glory, yea, all things desireable to himself.-Bp. Beveridge, vol. ii. Ser. 140. They [the Jews] wear little black brimless caps, as the Moors red.-Addison. State of the Jews. Fat Comus tost his brimmers o'er, Whene'er he miss'd the tost.-Parnell. Anacreontic. Lansdowne. Bacchus disarmed. Brynston boilaunt brenning, out casteth hit Al hot in here hevedes. that entren in ny the walles. Piers Plouhman, p. 354 Loke how that fire of smal glades, that ben almost ded under the ashen, wol quicken ayen whan they ben touched with brimstone, right so ire wol evermore quicken ayen, whan it is touched with pride that is covered in mannes herte.-Chaucer. The Persones Tale. And hereupon it is [as I take it that brimstone taketh the name in Greek @etov for the resemblance of that smell which those things yeeld that have been smitten with lightning: which no doubt have a fiery and piercing scent. Holland. Plutarch, p. 578. Dol. And so we may arrive by Talmud skill, B. Jonson. The Alchemist, Act iv. sc. 5 Most readers, I believe, are more charmed with Milton's description of Paradise, than of Hell; they are both, perhaps, equally perfect in their kind, but in the one the brimstone and sulphur are not so refreshing to the imagination, as the beds of flowers and the wilderness of sweets in the other. Spectator, No. 418. BRINDED. BRINDLED. Is not in our older lexicographers: probably it is brenned, or browned; marked or streaked with brown; and brindled, is the diminutive. 1. W. Thrice the brinded cat hath mew'd. Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act iv. sc. I. Now half appeared The tawnie lion, pawing to get free His hinder parts, then springs as broke from bonds, And rampant shakes his brinded main. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vii. The cattle in her homestead were three sows, Dryden. The Cock & the Fox. Her leafy jav'lin at her son she cast, Addison. Ovid. Met. b. i. Or, growling horrid, as the brindled boar Thomson. Autumn. Peace crown'd the olive, to her breast BRINE. BRINISH. BRI'NY. Dut. Bryn; A. S. Bryne. Skinner thinks from Brym the salt sea. Junius says, perhaps so called, quasi pyrine, anо TOν Tupos; quia nimia salsugo os, instar ignis, adurat. It may be so called because it burns or brens; and the A. S. Brennan; Old Eng. Bren or Brin; present an obvious etymology. Applied to A biting saltness; to the sea. Thus day and night ytost with churlish gale Love only, according to the temper of it, melting itself Hee was besmeared and berayed all over with the brine and pickle of the beforesaid salt fish, which made him both aideous to see to, and also to stinke withall most strongly. Holland. Plinie, b. ix. c. 30. The flying navy Lydia so beheld, Sherburne. Forsaken Lydia. And in the fountaine shall we gaze so long, Shakespeare. Titus Andronicus, Act iii. sc. 1. Thomson. Winter. His [Duke of Bedford's] ribs, his fins, his whalebone, his blubber, the very spiracles through which he spouts a torrent of brine against his origin, and covers me all over with the spray, every thing of him and about him is from the throne. Burke. A Letter to a noble Lord. BRING. BRINGING, 7. } Goth. Briggan; A. S. Bringan; Dut. Brenghen; Ger. Bringen; Sw. Bringa. To remove, or cause the removal of, any thing from one place to another, either by bearing or carrying, leading or drawing. It is equivalent to the Lat. ferre, vehere, trahere, ducere, as, to bring or bear, to bring or carry, to bring or draw, to bring or lead. With English prepositions subjoined it is equivalent also to the compounds of those Latin words, many of which, particularly of the verb ducere, we have adopted in our own language. As To abduce, to bring or lead from. To conduce, or conduct, to bring or lead with. To educe, and to educate, to bring or lead out. To induce, to bring or lead into. To introduce, to bring or lead within. To obduce, to bring or lead over. To produce, to bring or lead forth. To reduce, to bring or lead back. To seduce, to bring or lead away from. To traduce, to bring or lead over or across. Circumduction, a bringing or leading around; and Diduction, a bringing or leading asunder, are also found. And as in the Latin the difference in the meaning depends upon the preposition prefixed, so in the English it depends upon the preposition subjoined. The English usage of the words borrowed from the Latin is almost wholly metaphorical. Alas! alas! the luthur wate, that fylest me thus one, R. Brunne, p. 201. 1 have herd say, man sal take of twa thinges, Tho there was no brocage in londe, And bringer in of all werre.-Gower. Con. A. b. v. When children were broughte vnto him [he] receiued them louingly, and embraced them in his armes, Mat. 9. and when his disciples blamed the bringers, he called them vnto hym, saying suffer children to come vnto me, and forbid them not, for of such is the kingdom of heauen. Frith. Workes, p. 93. For ere the sixe yeares that he hath to spend Can change their moones, and bring their times about, My oyle-dride lampe, and time-bewasted light Shall be extinct with age, and endlesse night. Shakespeare. Rich. II. Act i. sc. 3. My father, and the gent. are in sad talke, and we'll not trouble them: Come bringe away thy pack after me. Id. Winter's Tale, Act iv. sc. 3. And thence to France shall we conuey you safe, Of it's owne kinde, all foyzon, all abundance, Id. Midsummer Night's Dreame, Act i. sc. 1. But with the word the time will bring on summer, Id. All's Well that End's Well, Act iv. sc. 4. Bast. What you haue charg'd me with, And more, much more, the time will bring it out. The time was (Father) when you broke your word, Id. Merchant of Venice, Act i. sc. 3. Let him but be testimonied in his owne bringings forth, and he shall appeare to the envious, a schollar, a statesman, and a soldier.-Id. Measure for Measure, Act iii. sc. 2. Then would I soon bring down their foes, And turn my hands against all those That are their enemies.-Milton, Psalm 81. Thy sorrow I will greatly multiply Go therefore, half this day as friend with friend Or with repose; and such discourse bring on, For once it was my dismal hap to hear Id. Vacation Ex. Henry himself, on the main battle brings, Nor can these legions of the French affright This Mars of men, this King of earthly Kings. Drayton. Battle of Agincourt. When Antony hadde gotten the supreme authority, he slewe alle his owne and his brothers bringers up and instructors, for that they went about to reconcile the. Stow. The Romanes, an. 209. Alas! when man is to influence man in order to bring about such mighty changes as these, the work goes on but slowly. Atterbury, vol. i. Ser. 7. I was ever of opinion, that the honest man, who married and brought up a large family, did more service than he who continued single and only talked of population. Goldsmith. Vicar of Wakefield, c. 1. A man brought into maturity, and placed in a desert island, would abandon himself to despair, when he first saw the sun set, and the night come on; for he could have no expectation that ever the day would be renewed. Beattie. Essay, pt. i. c. 2. BRINK. Sw. Brink. Lye suggests, and Ihre approves, from the Goth. Brican; A. S. Brecan, to break. The part where the continuity is broker, where it ends; the brim, the euge, the margin. The lady had defaute bothe of mete & drynk, & scho dred ther assaute, hunger was at the brynk. R. Brunne, p. 122. And alle men with wyues and children ledden forth us withouten the citie. and we kneliden in the sce brinke and we preieden. Wiclif. Dedis, c. 21. Another time wold she sit and thinke Chaucer. The Frankeleines Tale, v. 1169. The wyne, whiche he was wonte to drinke He toke then of the welles brinke.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. But when they came to the sea side againe, they went vp a little hill standing hard by the brinke, whereon as they thought they sawe the hill of Jerusalem. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. p 105. Into this wild abyss the warie fiend Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii. And on the dark-green grass, beside the brink Thomson. Summer. Against the window beats; then, brisk, alights On the warm hearth; then hopping o'er the floor Eyes all the smiling family askance.-Thomson. Winter. Ralegh so spedily and effectually repaired his crazy mast, and so briskly ply'd his sails, that he overtook his consorts next day, and on the eighth of September they all made the island of Tercera.-Oldys. Life of Ralegh. It must be confessed there are some advantages to be attained by academical disputation. It gives vigour and briskness to the mind thus exercised, and relieves the langour of private study and meditation. Watts. Improvement of the Mind, pt. i. c. 13. Forth from his lips, prepar'd at all to rail, Thompson. A Hymn to May. Nevertheless he could not or would not finish several subjects he undertook; which may be imputed either to the briskness of his fancy, still hunting after new matter, or to an occasional indolence, which spleen and lassitude brought upon him.-Johnson. Life of Smith. First to the lively pipe, his hand addresst, Collins. The Passions. BRISKET. Fr. Bricket, brechet, from Breche (a brack or breach) from Brechen, to break. BREAST. The breast. Mar. He that undoes him [the deer] Doth cleave the brisket bone. See B. Jonson. Sad Shepherd, Act i. sc. 2 The Black Prince was a professed lover of the brisket; not to mention the history of the sirloin, or the institution of the order of Beef-eaters, which are all so many evident and undeniable marks of the great respect, which our warlike predecessors have paid to this excellent food. BRISTLE, v. BRISTLE, n. BRISTLY. Tatler, No. 148. A. S. Bryst, diminutive, Bristl; Dut. Borstel; Ger. Burst-haar. Skinner suggests from the verb, to brust or burst; because the bristle bursts through the skin. To bristle, is to rise up, stand up; stiff as a ' bristle. Upon the cop right of his nose he hade A wert, and theron stode a tufte of heres Chaucer. The Prologue. Then fume we and rage and set vp the bristels, & bend our selues to take vengeaunce.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 120. And yet the wife maye not bristle against her husbande because he seeketh at her handes to be more loued than feared. Udal. Ephesians, c. 5. From thence were waylings heard and lions wrathful low'd did grone, Resisting in their bands, and neere to night they make their mone, Both bristled groining bores, and beares at mangers yellPhaer. Virgile. Æneidos, b. vii. ing yawle. From hence were heard, (rebellowing to the main,) And lowring on me with the goggle eye, Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 427. Is 't not enough that I must go Into another clime, Where feather-footed time But that you add this torment too?-Cotton. The Picture. All his brissels, pusht From forth his rough necke; and with flaming eyes Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xix. The brisly boar, who with his snout up plough'd Drayton. Noah's Flood. In Elis first I breath'd the living air, Maynwaring. Ovid. Metam. b. v Glover. On Sir Isaac Newton. In the stiff awkwardness of foolish pride, While pent from mischief, far from sight remov'd, Id. Ib. BRITTLE, adj. See BRICKLE. A. S. Brytan, Piers Plouhman, p. 163. And we han this tresour in brotil vessels, that the worthynesse be of Goddis vertu and not of us.-Wiclif. 2 Cor. c. 4. Bicause I know the great vnstablenesse Chaucer. The Complaint of Creseide, p. 197. I rede the to break their bondes, and to follow right by the playne and open way, and to be content, and not too ambitious: for it is now euill climing, the boughes be brittle. Tyndall. Workes, p. 376. Neuerthelesse, we remembrynge the brytilaess of your promyse and suspectynge though not wholy beleuyng so much vnstedfastness thought it right expedient and necessarie to put our saide realme in a redynes for resistyng of your sayde enterprises.-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 5. Farewell, thou pretty brittle piece Of fine cut crystal, which one was, Cotton. A Vindication. Fearing much by the fresh example they had of late, the frailtie and brittlenesse of high fortunes. Holland. Ammianus, p. 286. For no man takes or keeps a vow But just as he sees others do; Nor are they oblig'd to be so brillle, As not to yield and bow a little.-Hudibras, pt. iii. c. 3. Broches, the n. is used in Piers Plouhman, as we now use matches, a bit of wood broken or split off. As a consequent application, A broach is any thing which (being so broken or split off) will pierce through, stick through, penetrate. Thus a broach of eels, is a stick of eels; so many eels broched, spitted or stuck through. A spit, a pin, are also so called:-that part of certain ornaments, by which it is stuck on; and subsequently the whole ornament. "Fr. Brocher, to spit; to broche a horse is to spur him, to strike him with spurs, almost to stick him with spurring," (Cotgrave.) To broach a vessel, is (perforare) to bore through, to break into, to pierce through. To broach a doctrine is to break it, to break it open, to disclose, to publish it. A broche of brennyng fure was putte thurghe an horne, that was putt into K. Edward Second's body. R. Gloucester, v. Glossary, p. 628. Vor broches, & ringes, & rimmes al so, O Diomede thou hast both broche and belte Of his true loue.-Chaucer. Complaint of Creseide. For he that rappes a royall on his cappe, [He] assembled together all his lordes and other of hys priuate counsayl, by whose myndes it was concluded and determined, that he shoulde manfully and couragiously perceauer and procede in thy's broched and begonne enterprice. Hall. Hen. VII. an. 7. I then well perceiued thabiliment royall of the Frenche kyng, his garment was a chemew, of clothe of siluer, cul pond with cloth of golde, of damaske cantell wise, and garded on the bordours with the burgon bendes, and ouer that a cloke of broched satten.-Id. Hen. VIII. an. 12. I found that absent Troylus was forgot, Gascoigne. Dan Bartholomew of Bathe. And some failed not to take the childe and bynde it to a broch, and lay it to the fyre to rost, the father & mother looking on.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 259. Hezekiah surely had more corruption twenty yeeres before his recovery out of sicknesse, then at that time, and yet it wrought not so, that we reade of, as it did then; not that the barrell was then fuller, but that now it was broached lower, and a greater vent given, and so it came more gushing out, dregs and all.-Goodwin. Tryall of a Christian's Growth. But he will say, that all this old wine savours of the cask; therefore we will spend no more time in broaching of it. Taste of the new.-Spelman. The Apology. And who so the brooch beareth on his breast, Browne. The Shepheard's Pipe, Ecl. 1. There was never any heresy so damnable, nor schism so dangerous, ever brewed in hell, or broached on earth, but it hath been swallowed down by some or other only upon this account, because it hath been commended and presented to the world under the colour of piety and religion, whereof 4 the broachers of it have been strict and zealous professors. Bp. Beveridge, vol. ii. Ser. 136. The youth approach'd the fire, and as it burn'd Let no man therefore say, that the scripture is not plain in those things in which we pretend it is, because in those very things the church of God hath understood it one way, and Arius, Socinus, or some such broucher of heresy another. Atterbury, vol. iii. Ser. 10. But by reason of his nonconformity, and the many errors he [V. Powell] had broached, his calling was question'd, and the orders being well scan'd, were found spurious and coun terfeit.-Wood. Athene Oxon. Yet when pale seasons rise, or winter rolls His horrours o'er the world, thou may'st indulge The mellow cask.-Armstrong. Of Preserving Health. My father was hugely pleased with this theory of John de la Casse, archbishop of Benevento; and (had it not cramped him a little in his creed) I believe would have given ten of the best acres of the Shandy estate to have been the broacher of it. Sterne. Tristram Shandy, vol. v. c. 18. BROAD, adj. BROADEN. BROADLY. BROADNESS. BROADSIDE. Goth. Braids; A. S. Bradan, to broaden, to expand, to dilate. See BREADTH. Expanded, large, unlimited, unrestricted, unreserved, unconcealed; and hence, (extending the met.) clear and open; gross and rude. Broad is much used prefixea. From south to north he ys long eigte hondred myle The brigge was brode & long, both of tre & stones. R. Brunne, p. 204. Piers Plouhman, p. 352. Entre ye by the streit gate, for the gate that ledith to perdicioun is large, and the way is brood, and thei ben many that entren by it.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 7. Thenne was ther a whight. with two broad eyen. Entre in at the strayte gate: for wide is the gate, and broade is the waie that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat.-Bible, 1551. Ib. And thei steiden upon the broodness of erthe, and enuyrownyde the castels of seyntis.-Wiclif. Apocalips, c. 20. Hire mouth ful smale, and therto soft and red; But sikerly she hadde a fayre forehead, It was almost a spanne brode 1 trowe. It was no dream: for I lay broade awaking. Wyat. The Louer sheweth how, &c. Wyll. Content am I, for I am not malicious; but on this condition, That you talk no more so brode of my master as here you Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. v. He toke my father grossely, full of bread, Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act iii, sc. 3. If we that are the aids of Greece, would beat home those of Troy, And hinder broad-eyd Jove's proud will, it would abate his joy. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. viii. But Phoebe lives from all, not only fault, B. Jonson. Cynthia's Revels, Act v. sc. 3. Whenever she [the mole] comes up into broad day she might be in danger of being taken, unless she were thus affected by a light striking upon her eye and immediately warning her to bury herself in her proper element. Spectator, No. 121. To explore a road which is entirely unknown to us, by a feeble and dubious light is a totally different thing from endeavouring to trace it out again by the same light, after it has been once shown to us in broad and open day. Porteus, vol. i. Ser. 7. Dumorier has dropped singular hints. Custine has spoken out more broadly.-Burke. On the Present State of Ajairs. BROCADE. Į Sp. Brocado; It. Brocato; BROCA'DED. Fr. Brocart. Menage, calls it a stuff. Cotgrave, brochée d'or, d'argent, ou le soyé. See BROACH. Satin striped or purfled with gold. This day, black omens threat the brightest fair That e'er deserv'd a watchful spirit's care: Some dire disaster, or by force, or slight; But what or where, the fates have wrapp'd in night, Or stain her honour, or her new brocade: Pope. The Rape of the Lock, c. 2. A furbelow of precious stones, and hat buttoned with a diamond, brocade waistcoat or petticoat, are standing topicks. Spectator, No. 15. The silver knot o'erlooks the Mechlin lace, Gay. Elegies. Panthea. Such seem to have been the ancient manufacturers of silks, velvets, and brocades, which flourished in Lueca during the thirteenth century.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. iii. c. 3. BROCK. A. S. Broc, a badger. Skinner BROCKISH. Suggests, from to break; because this animal breaks and bruises with most severe biting; whence we say, to bite like a badger. Brockish, as used by Bale, seems formed from it to denote;-beastly, brutal. But neyther of Paule not yet of Peter haue the fore warnynges auayeled, but those brockishe boores haue gone freely foreward without checke till nowe of late dayes. Bale. English Votaryes, pt. i. O brockyshe Comorreane, how darest thū presume to father thy filthynesse vpon the authour of all puryte, and vpon hys chosen vessell of eleccyon.-Id. Apology, p. 65. Or with pretence of chasing thence the brock, B. Jonson. The Sad Shepherd, Act i. sc. 4. BROGUE. Dr. Jamieson says, a coarse and slight kind of shoe made of horse leather, much used by the Highlanders, and by those who go to shoot upon the hills; and he derives it from the Ir. Gael. Brog, a shoe. But whence brog? His armes thus leagu'd I thought he slept, and put As for the threat of making us eat our brogues, we need not be in pain, for if his coin should pass, that unpolite covering for the feet would no longer be a national reproach; because then we should have neither shoe nor brogue left in the kingdom.-Swift. Drakier's Letters, Let. 4. In Sky, I first observed the use of brogues, a kind of artless shoes stitched with thongs so loosely, that though they defend the foot from stones, they do not exclude water. Johnson. Journey to the Western Isles. BROGUE. A word in vulgar use, but of unknown origin. See the quotation from Swift. There is an old provincial cant in most counties in England, sometimes not very pleasing to the ear: and the Scotch cadence, as well as expression, are offensive enough. But none of these defects derive contempt to the speaker; whereas, what we call the Irish brogue is no sooner discovered, than it makes the deliverer, in the last degree ridiculous and despised. Swift. On Barbarous Denominations in Ireland. Whether the muse-the style of Cambria's sons, Or the rude gabble of the Huns, Or the broader dialect Of Caledonia she affect, Or take, Hibernia, thy still ranker brogue? BROID, v. BROIDERY. Lloyd. Two Odes. See BRAID or BREID, and EMBROIDER. Of rubies, saphires, and of perles white Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,386. She rose vp from the place, where she had lien flat before the Lord; and called her mayde, &c. broyded and plated her heere.-Bible, 1551. Judith, c. 10. A spoyle of diuers coloures for Sisara, a spoyle of dyuerse coloures wt brodered workes, dyuerse coloured browdered work for the necke for a praye.-Id. Judges, c. 5. Then came in an other bende of horse men, freshly and well appareled in cloth of golde, in siluer, in goldsmithes worke, and brouderie, to the nomber of three score, with trappers accordyngly to their garmentes. Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 1. Some painters merily and in sport, but not seemly and with reuerence, depaint how he was in the royall palace and court of the Lydian Queen Omphale, in a yellow coat like a wench making wind with a fanne, and setting his mind with other Lydian damsels and waiting maids, to broid his haire and trick up himselfe.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 318. The citizens to the number of 600 rode in one liuery of redde and white, with the cognisance of their mysteries brodered vpon their sleeues.-Stow. Edw. I. an. 1300. The golden broidery, tender Milkah wove, Let others doat on meaner things, And many a hand, guided by love, O'er the stretch'd sampler's canvass plain, In broidery's various colours strove To raise his form to life again.-Cooper. Ver Vert. c. 4. There mote he likewise see a ribbald train Of dancers, broiderers, slaves of luxury, Who cast o'er all those lords and ladies vain, A veil of semblance fair, and richest dye, That none their inward baseness mote descry. West. On the Abuse of Travelling. Broil or brawl. (See BRAWL Fr. Brouiller, or BRABBLE.) BROILER. embrouiller; It. Imbrogliare. BROILING, n. To confound, to mingle, to disturb, to trouble, to disorder, to squabble, to quarrel, to wrangle, to rail. BROIL, v. BROIL, n. To broil, (sc.) on a gridiron, Fr. Bruler; which Menage thinks is from the Gr. Bouge, spumam ejicere, (formed apparently for the purpose of the etymology from Bovačev,-Вpue, to shoot or spring forth,) through a supposed Lat. word also, Brusare, brusulare, bruler. Le Duchat writes Peruro, perussi, perustum, perustare, perustulare, bruler. Skinner thinks that brouiller is from brueil; but there appears not any reason to consider them (sc. Broil, brawl,) as two words. Noise, agitation, and confusion, are included in all the applications of the word, however written. He coude roste, and sethe, and broile, and frie. Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 386. For God is just vnto hym as vnto vs, and therefore would he purge hym as well as vs, & agayne he is as mercyfull vnto vs as vnto him, and will as wel forgeue vs as hym, without broyling on the coales in purgatory.-Frith. Workes, p. 55. If thy meat offring be a thing broyled vpon the gredyron, of floure myngled with oyle it shal be. Bible, 1551. Leviticus, c. 2. But that thou wilt in winter shippes prepare, The Britishe affaires in the meane ceason, because that all discorde was not pacefied and appeased, beganne agayne nowe to flowe out and to trouble, and set all thynges in a newe broyle and busynes.-Hall. Hen. VII. an. 6. They eate all thir meate broyled on the coales and dressed in the smoake.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 307. Thus I thought good, according to my humble bounden dutie, and for the seruice of your maiestie and quietnesse of this realme, to certefie your maiestie the truth of the whole matter; hoping in a short time that your maiestie will send To knit, to plight, to wreath, hatred and malice among vs.-Id. Ib. vol. iii. p. 718. some good order to qualifie these broyles; for their is great to interweave. Hire yelwe here was broided in a tresse, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1052. So were the burgesses of Gaut, suche as were there, who were righte gladde to move forthe the mater, so that there might be a newe brewlynge in Flanders. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 331. Lette the other company drawe towards Newcastle vpon Tyne, and passe the ryuer: and enter into the Bysshoprike of Durham, and burne and exyle the countrey; we shall make a great breull in Englande or our ennemyes be prouyded.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 140. Normandy is a patient sufferer of mischiefs, though it be no large region, it doth tolerate sedition very long, and by restoring of peace ariseth into a fertile state of substance, letting out the broyle-maker into France with a free passage Stow. Hen. I. an. 1104. The clergyman that in such a time as this, when the humour, and give it true nourishment to feed on; what mouth of hell is open against us, shall exasperate this raging doth he but turn broiler and boutefeu, make new libels against the church, and by that means perswade credulous, seducible spectators, that all are true that have been made already.-Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 544. Homer illustrates one of his heroes, tossing to and fro in his bed, and burning with resentment to [by] a piece of flesh broiling on the coals.-Spectator, No. 161. There is no preserving peace, nor preventing broils and stirs, but by punctually observing that ordinary rule of equity, that in cases of doubtful debate and points of controverted practice, the fewest should yield to the most, the weakest yield to the strongest, and that to the greatest number should be allowed at least the greatest appearance of reason.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 29. He [Bolingbroke] therefore at Pope's suggestion retired | merely to be at leisure from the broils of opposition, for the caliner pleasures of philosophy. Goldsmith. The Life of Bolingbroke. I will own that there is a haughtiness, and fierceness in human nature which will cause innumerable broils, place men in what situation you please. Burke. A Vindication of Natural Society. BROKE, v. BRO'KAGE. BROKER. BROKERAGE. BROKERLY. BROKERY. Spelman seems to guide us to the etymology of this word. He calls abrocamentum (which may be rendered brockerage), vox forensis, i. e. of the market, a mercantile word. He explains it to signify, "The buying of goods by wholesale, in whole bags or packages, before they are delivered or conveved to the mart or market; and afterwards the separating (distractio) of the same into portions or allotments." If he had said disruptio instead of distractio, he would have led us immediately to the English word, to break, as the true etymology. Junius also thinks it worthy of consideration whether broker may not be so denominated from to break, as from A. S. Bryttan,-in exiguas partes dissecare,-Brytta was the name given to the person who distributed or divided into small parts. occupation or exercise of a thing; Brucinge, a The A. S. Bric-ean or Bruc-an; Bric-e, the function, the execution of some office or charge: Dut. Bruycken; Ger. Brauchen; Sw. Bruka, seem all to be consequential usages: but Wachter thinks the Ger. Brauch is formed from Werk, by a transposition of letters and change of labials. It might, by no unusual course of corruption, be formed thus: A. S. Be-wyrc-an, by transposition of letter r, Be-wryc-an, or Be-ryc-an, and (by the common hasty pronunciation of Ber) Bryc-an. But Spelman and Junius appear the sounder expositors. A broker, one who breaks goods bought by wholesale or in large packages, who deals by retail, a retailer of goods sent or consigned to him by wholesale or in large packages; who sells as agent in parts or portions; an agent; one who acts between seller and buyer, who is employed by both parties, who makes his gains by so doing. To broke, and a broker, were used in contempt, as to trade, and a trader are now. He is a mere trader, i. e. he regards merely his own interest; an usurious dealer, a guileful dealer or a bargainer. Muche is such a mayde to love. here moder for saketh More than that mayde is. that is ymaried by brocage As by assent of sondry bodyes. and silver to hote More for covetice of catel. than kynde love of the mariage. Piers Ploukman, p. 268. He wooeth hire by menes and brocage, Chaucer. The Miller's Tale, v. 3375 This much my desire shortly I entremete me of brocages 1 make peace, and marriages.Id. Rum. of the Rose. |