TERMINATIONS. IN THE ORDER OF THE PRELIMINARY ESSAY. SECTION III.+ PART I. Ac, ic, ive:—(adj. and sub.) Ic, from the Gr. Ive, from the Latin. Having the action or energy, the power or strength; having the active qualities:that can or may; and, by corrupt usage, that does. Cardiac, that can or may hearten, or give strength to the heart. (cor.) Angelic, that has the active qualities of angels. Active, that can or may act; that has the power to act. Suasive, that can or may, that has the power to, persuade. A critic, one who can, who is able to, criticise: by usage-who does criticise. A fugitive, (by usage) one who does fly. Aceous, (adj.) usually suffixed to names in Natural History. Cetaceous, (Having the, or the natural, or characteristic, qualities of a whale (ceta) or of a butterfly (papilio.) ·Ac-y, ac-ious,—Lat. ac-ia, from the adj. in ar, ac-is,--which has the meaning of ac, augmented by is. Fallacy, Lat. fallacia, from fallax; fallacious, that can or may deceive: deceptive.— Ferocious, that has the active, the natural, qualities of a wild beast (fera.) 1 • Et hoc labore, nunc eo libentius defungar, cum ut habeam, quo lectorem in progressu operis rémittam ;—et lector habeat, quo recurrat, tum ut repetitiones (quarum alias nullus modus ac numerus fuisset) jure præcludi possent, + P. 30. Wachter. Pref. Sec. 5. Ish, softened from isc (is-ic) a common A. S. termination: and used as a diminutive: as, Black-ish, with a small addition of black, something less than, tending to the colour of, black. Verbs with this termination: as accomplish, nourish, embellish, were formerly written; accomplise, nourise, embellise: and are formed upon the Fr. participle. Ix, i. e. Ic-es, first softened into ice, then into ess, and applied to females, in contradistinction to er, applied to maker. Inheritrix, -trice, -tress, one who, a female who, can, or may, or does inherit. Age, Lat. Agium: something added, imposed, charged upon: charged upon: an impost, a charge, a duty: as, Beaconage, Pontage, toll charged for beacon, for bridge, (pons.) Also applied more generally to agency, or action, or to the state caused or produced by the act: still denoting an addition, as, Parentage, the added, or additional, state of being or becoming a parent or peer. Y is the A. S. ig, as blood-ig, bloody: and denotes that the noun to which it is suffixed is to be added (ek-ed) to some other noun: as a bloody knife. Ing is a compound ter. in-ig, contracted into ing and having the meaning of en augmented by y. It forms the present part. of verbs; as, Act, pres. part. acting; and is equivalent to the Lat. ens. Agens, acting, an acting man, one who acts, an agent. We have also abundance of nouns substantive in this termination from the A. S. ung, as, A. S. Thanc-ung, a thanking or giving thanks.-These nouns are not applied to the person;-and the termination is equivalent to that in ion-with some occasional distinction in usage; as-the acting of a comedian, the action of an orator :-the former applies to the whole manner, in which a part is done, or performed: the latter to the gesture. Ad, ed, id, od, ud. Ad and od are the common A. S. term. Ed, suffixed to nouns and verbs, forms our regular noun adjective and past participle: and as such denotes that the noun or verb to which it is suffixed is to be added to another noun. Ed is sometimes contracted into 'd, sometimes changed into t, for the sake of easy pronunciation. Such changes are organically necessary. Blabb-ed, blab d Puff-ed, puft In the pronunciation of b, g, d, z, v, and also in the Fr. J, there is an almost imperceptible motion or compression of or near the larynx. In p, k, t, s, f, and sh, there is not this compression: and if the e be omitted in pronunciation after any of these latter, the d must be changed into t. The reason for doubling the consonant in blåb-bed and also blăb-bing, rŏb-bed, rob-bing, &c. is that the b is heard in conjunction both with the o preceding, and the e or i following: in rōbed, rōbing; whether pronounced rō-bed, or rōb-ed; only one b is heard. In appal-led; two 's are heard distinctly in equalled, travelling, not so distinctly, as the accent does not fall upon the 1. At-e, et-e, it-e, ion, from the Lat. at-us, et-us, it-us, and are equivalent to our own termination ed. We also form verbs upon this Latin past participle, as upon others; thus, to animate, from animat-us; from which by suffixing ed, we form a new participle: giving more energy; as animate, animated, from this prep. we have also some nouns, Reprobate. Our nouns in ation, etion, ition, are immediately from the Latin ;-they are equivalent to our own termination ing, from the A. S. ung; (see Ing.) They denote action or the effect of action. And, end, und, from the Lat. andus, &c. we have very few. Multiplicand, that ought to be, must be, multiplied. Subtra-hend, that ought to be subtracted. Al, from the Lat. al-is (so alius, an or one other, was antiently written): it denotes some quality or thing attached or added ;--and, thus, appertaining or belonging, relating to, appertaining to such relation: according to, affected by, subject or subjecting to. Natural, appertaining to, according to, nature. Mortal, affected by, subject or subjecting to, death. (mors.) Am, em, im. Him, the pronoun is, he-im; them, (formerly also hem), is the or thei-im: whom, is who-im. Im is equivalent to man (Lat. Hom-o). An, en, in, un. Our English termination en, (or un as antiently written), in A. S. an, i. e. one, as an adjective termination, denotes that the noun to which it is suffixed, is to be un-ited or joined to another noun: as a golden (antiently gold-un) sc. ring. Christian, adj.—sc. religion, to be un-ited, to be expressed. A Christian, n. (sc. man, understood.) En is also added to verbs to augment the force; as to haste, to hasten; to black, to blacken. From the Lat. ter. an-us, en-us, in-us, we have our ter. ane or an, ene, ine: humane, human, terrene, canine :—An-us, enus, by contraction are ans, ens, and hence are our ant, ance, ancy ;—ent, ence, ency. The Latin ans we should write ant, and ens, ent: yet it is the common usage to write defendant, from defendens. And there are other violations of this plain rule. Ignorant, ignorance, ignorancy. Innocent, innocence, innocency. The ter. ant, ent, are equivalent to our own ter. ing; as, accordant, according; consistent, consisting. Ignorance, The quality, the state, of being ignorant, or innocent. Ar, er, or, our. Ere, is a common English word, Ere day, Before day. It means before; relative to the human figure, the fore part, the front of the person: generally, the person, and also priority in space, time, quality, &c. Er, added to an adj. as, just, just-er, denotes a priority, a superiority;-in comparison. Added to verbs it forms nouns, and denotes the person who, the thing that: as Beggar, robber, sailor;—the person who,-begs, robs, sails. Cutter, that which cuts. The ter. or, in names of persons immediately from the Lat. we usually preserve,—as factor, doctor; auctor, aucthor, author; but in other nouns from that language, we introduce the vowel u, as labour, honour, splendour;-with which our pronunciation conforms. In very many words or and er were written indiscriminately; and no general rule can now distinguish them; it is not the custom, nor is it necessary, to make any difference in the pronunciation. In nouns formed by ourselves from Latin verbs, we now usually write er, as defender, continuer, observer, enquirer. Also in words of our own growth :-do-er, cutler, dealer, draper; and by adding y to certain of these, we have nouns designating the habitual acts, the employments, trades, &c. as cutlery, drapery. From the Lat. Aris, arius, orius, we have both nouns adjective and substantive Ouse, ose, from the Lat. os-us;—the article reduplicated—and thus denoting a something more than the single us, as ebrius, ebriosus-but custom makes little difference with us. Anxious, Lat. Anxius, Ambitious, Lat. Ambitiosus, S A man who feels, who acts with, is actuated by, anxiety or ambition. Eous, in Righteous, is a corruption of wise. PART II. Ble, Able, and ible, (Goth. Abal, strength, power, force, see Ble in the Dictionary.) The Lat. Bilis was, with few exceptions, used passively, and thus distinguished from iv and ic; as, Arable, that may be ploughed. Audible, that may be heard. Able, or ible, according to the Lat. word, from which we take ours. Ile, Docile, that may be taught :-contracted from Docible. Fragile, that may be broken. But we have a large list of words in this ter. used actively, as, Conducible,-properly-that can or may be conduced, or conducted, is used indiscriminately with conducive, conducent, or conducing, that can or may, that does, conduce. Dom, A. S. Dom: from dem-an, to deem, or judge, King-dom, the territory, which a king dooms or judges, rules, or governs.* Freedom, the doom, judgment, will of the free. Full, Fear-ful,-full of the feeling of fear. full of that which causes the feeling. • Wallis. Dominium regis. See p. 139. Gill-Regnum ubi rex jus aut sententiam dicit, p. 32. |