And yet some there are who haue not spared to report that I received great summes of mouie for the first printing of these posies, whereby (if it were true) I might seeme not onelie a craftie broker for the vtterance of garish toies, but a corrupt marchaunt for the sale of deceitfull wares.

Gascoigne. To the Reuerende Deuines. Some of the late doctours of the saide churche have taught vs, that a man maie make his confession by a bille of his bande: and receive absolution by a trusheman, or by a broker.-Jewel. A Defence of the Apologie, p. 137.

Wed. He does indeede,

And brokes for all that can in such a suite
Corrupt the tender honour of a maide.

Shakespeare. All's Well, Act. iii. sc. 5.

And should he know, (I shame he should)
Of this your brokage bace,

He would acquaint you what it weare
Your soueraign to disgrace.

Warner. Albion's England, b. viii. c. 41.

Then after that was I an usurer,
And with extorting, cozening, forfeiting,
And tricks belonging unto brokery

1 filled the jails with bankrupts in a year.

Marlow. The Jew of Malta. We had determin'd, that thou shouldst ha' come, In a Spanish sute, and ha' carried her so; and he A brokerly slave, goes, puts it on himselfe,

B. Jonson. The Alchemist, Act iv. sc. 7.

My employment, which is that of a broker, leading me often into taverns about the Exchange has given me occasion to observe a certain enormity, which I shall here submit to your animadversion.-Spectator. No. 372.

One year the fraud succeeded; wealth immense
Flowed in upon him, and he blest his wiles;
The next, the brokers spurn'd th' adulterate moss,
Both on the Avon and the banks of Thame.

Grainger. The Sugar Cane, b. iii. The compensation which they allow in this plan to their masters for their brokerage is, that if (after deducting all the charges, which they impose) the amount of the sales should be found to exceed two shillings and twopence for the cur

rent rupee of the invoice account, it shall be taken by the Company.-Burke. Rep. of a Com. on the Affairs of India. BROKEN. The past tense and past part. BROKENLY. of the verb, to break. Tindall BROKENNESS. uses broke as a noun, where the

modern version uses breach.

A tradesman is said to have broke, when he is a bank-rupt, or in the condition of a bank-rupt.

And thei token the relifs of broken metis twelve coffyns ful and of the fischis.-Wiclif. Mark, c. 6.

These shoulders they sustaine the yoake of heauy care And on my brused broken backe, the burden must I beare. Gascoigne. Analomye of a Louer.

He singeth brokking as a nightingale.

Chaucer. The Miller's Tale, v. 3377.

If a man mayme his neighboure, as he hath done, so shal it be done to hi agayne: broke, for broke, eye for eye, and toth for toth.-Bible, 1551. Leuiticus, c. 24.

And if a man cause a blemish in his neighbour; as he hath done, so shall it be done to him, breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth.-Bible. Modern Version. Ib.

The spirit of the Lord God [is] vpon me, therefore hathe the Lord anointed me: he hath sent me to preache good tidings vnto the poore, to bind vp the broken hearted, to preache libertie to the captives, and to them that are bounde, the opening of the prison.-Geneva Bible, 1561. Isa. lvi. 1. Then first from her mad mouth the foaming runnes, And in the horrid caue were heard at once Broke-winded murmurs, howlings, and sadd grones. May. Lucan, b. v.

The Pagans worship God not entirely altogether at once, as he is one most simple being unmixed with any thing, but as it were brokenly, and by piece-meals, as he is severally manifested in all the things of nature, and the parts of the world.-Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 523.

Here in particular, it is the brokenness, the ungrammatical position, the total subversion of the period that charms me. Gray. To Mason, Let. 27. BRONZE, v. Hickes, (Gram. Franco TheoBRONZE, n. tisca, p. 93) and (after him) Tooke, think that the Italians have their Bronzo, and the French and English their Bronze, from the verb, to bren or brin; A. S. Brennan, to burn, (q. d.)

Metal of a burned, brown, or bronze colour.

His
peers shine round him with reflected grace,
Now edge their dulness, and now bronze their face.
'Pope. Dunciad, b. li.
Imbrown'd with native bronze, lo Henly stands,
Tuning his voice, and balancing his hands.-Id. Ib. b. iii.
The canker'd coin with verdigris incrust,
Or grace the polish'd bronze with reverend dust.
Cambridge. The Scribleriad.
A. S. Bradan, fovere.
BREED.

BROOD, v. BROOD, n. BROODY.

See

A brood, that which, the number which, is bred (at once), which is nourished, cherished, fostered.

To brood, to nourish, to cherish, to foster; to watch over, to protect, to continue in a state of care and watchfulness, as a mother over her young.

My sonne this I finde writte,
There is yet one of thilke brood,
Whiche only for the worldes good,
To make a treasoure of money,

Put all conscience awaye.-Gower Con. A. b. v.
Thou sielie foule what means this foolish paine,
To flie to Colche, to hatch thy chickens there?
A mother thou mayst hap returne againe,
Media will destroy thy brood I fear,

For she that spared not to spoile hir owne,
Will she stand friend to fowls that are unknown.
Turberville. Of a Nightingale, &c.
Come now, all ye terrours, sally,
Muster forth into the vally,
Where triumphant darkness hovers
With a sable wing, that covers
Brooding horrour.--Crashaw. Steps to the Temple, Ps. 23.

The thriftee earth that bringeth out
And broodeth vp her breed,
The shifting seas whose swelling waues
On shrinking shores do feede,
Shall fall, and faile, ere I be false.

Warner. Albion's England, b. ii. c. 11.

As about the flood Caister, in an Asian meade, flockes of the airie brood (Cranes, geese, or long-neckt swans) here, there, proud of their pinions, flie.-Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. ii. The peacocks will breake them [the eggs] if they can meet with them, because they cannot misse and spare the peahens companie whiles they are broodie and sitting.

Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 60.

Jones. The Hymn to Bhavani.

But as human society is a perpetual flux, one man every hour going out of the world, another coming into it, it is necessary, in order to preserve stability in government, that the new brood should conform themselves to the established constitution, and nearly follow the path which their fathers, treading in the footsteps of theirs, had marked out to them. Hume. Ess. Of the Original Contract.

BROOK, v. Dut. Bruycken; A. S. "Brucan, to enjoy, to use, to occupy; also to brook, to digest," (Somner.) Mr. Tyrwhitt says, to enjoy, "Broken hole my tresses:" keep safe the tresses of my hair. See To BROKE.

to use.

To brook is, to render or become submissive or subservient, (as a horse when broken, a broken spirit;) to yield or submit to, to bear or suffer; to subject, to tame; to subserve, (to preserve.) For sin he said that we ben jangleresses, As ever mote 1 brouken hole my tresses, I shal not sparen for no curtesie To speke him harm, that sayth us vilanie.

Chaucer. The Marchantes Tale, v. 10,182.

But for men speke of singing, I wol sey,
So mote I brouken wel min eyen twey,
Save you, ne herd I never man so sing,
As did your fader in the morwening.

Id. The Nonnes Prestes Tale, v. 15,306.

With fowles of baser sort

how can you brooke to flie, That earst your nature did to hawkes of stately kinde applie?

Turberville. To his Friend that refused, yo
Surely there canne bee nothyng so bitter, but wysedome
would brooke it for so gret a profyte.
Sir T. More. Workes, p. 72.

And that the nymph Calypso (ouer-ronne
With his affection) kept him in her caues,
Where men, nor ship, of pow'r to brook the waues,
Were neere his conuoy to his countries shore.

Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xvii. For such a tempest of wind arose as ye like in many yeeres had not beene seene, whereby no shippe coulde brooke the sea.-Stow. Queen Mary, an. 1558.

Sweet Nell, ill can thy noble minde abrooke
The abiect people, gazing on thy face,

With enuious lookes laughing at thy shame,
That erst did follow thy prowd chariot-wheeles,
When thou didst ride in triumph through the streets.
Shakespeare. 2 Part IIen. VI. Act ii. sc. 4.

His opening and closing the debate, his taking on himself that great enterprize at the thought of which the whole infernal assembly trembled, his encountering the hideous phantom, who guarded the gates of hell, and appeared to him in all his terrors, are instances of that proud and daring mind which could not brook submission even to Omnipotence. Spectator, No. 309.

Foe to restraint, unpractis'd in deceit,
Too resolute, from nature's active heat,
To brook affronts, and tamely pass them by.

Churchill. Night.

BROOK, n. Dr. T. H., (in Skinner,) deBROOKY. Srives the A. S. Broca, from the verb, Breacan, frangere, to break; because the bubbling water breaks through the earth. (See Tooke, ii. 248.) See the quotation from Beaum. & Fletch.

Othr ge shulle ete barliche brede. and of the brok drynka.
Piers Plouhman, p. 135.

At Trompington, not far fro Cantebrigge,
Ther goth a brook and over that a brigge,
Upon the whiche brook there stont a melle:
And this is veray sothe, that I you telle.

Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 3920. With knightly force and violence he entered the sayd cytie, and slewe the fore named Liuius Gallus neare vnto a broke there at that day rynnynge, and hym threwe into the sayde broke; by reason whereof, longe after it was called Gallus or Wallus brooke, and this daye the strete where sometime ran the sayde brooke, is now called Walbrooke. Fabyan, c. 65,

Whilst from the most tempest'ous nooks,
The chillest blasts our peace invade,
And by great rains our smallest brooks
Are almost navigable made.

Col'on. Eclogue.

She cannot scape, for underneath the ground,
In a long hollow the clear spring is bound,

Till on your side where the morn's sun doth look,

The struggling water breaks out in a brook.

Beaum. & Fletch. Faithful Shepherdess, Act iii. sc. 1.

But see, the shepherds shun the noon day heat,
The lowing herds to murin'ring brooks retreat,
To closer shades the panting flocks remove;
Ye gods! and is there no relief for love.

Pope. Pastorals. Summer.
For purest wool
Phoenicia's hilly tracts were most renown'd,
And fertile Syria's and Judæa's land.
Hermon, and Seir, and Hebron's brooky sides.

Dyer. The Fleece, b. ii. BROOM, n. A. S. Brom; Dut. Brem. PerBRO'OMY. sonitum edere: because the seeds of this plant, haps from the Dut. Bremmen, when ripe, burst from the pods with a considerable noise. Applied to

The plant, and the instrument made of its small branches.

There lacked no floure to my dome
Ne not so much as floure of brome.

Chaucer. The Rom. of the Rose. And returning vnto the same, he founde it in dede sweped cleane with bromes, but altogether emptie.

Udal. Luke, c. 11

He made carpenters to make houses and lodgynges, of great tyinbre, and set the houses lyke stretes, and couered them with rede and brome so that it was lyke a lyttell towne.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 133.

I am sent with broome before

To sweep the dust behind the doore.

Shakespeare. Midsummer Night's Dream, Act v. se 2.

Straight a broom-staff was prepared,
Which Don Hill no little scaru;

But he resolv'd, if Dick did baste him
That his patience should out-last him.

Cotton. Legend of the Guitar-master.

I found the husband changed colour at the question, and, before I could answer, asked me whether we did not call hops broom in our country.-Tatler, No. 150.

The youth with broomy stumps begin to trace
The kennels edge where wheels had worn the place.
Swift. The Morning.

In yonder green wood blows the broom;
Shepherds we'll trust our flocks to stray,
Court Nature in her sweetest bloom,
And steal from care one summer-day.

BROTH.

Langhorn. The Wilding and the Broom.

"The third person singular of the indicative of Briwan, coquere. That which one briweth. Hence the old English saying of a man who has killed himself with drinking, he has fairly drunk up his broth. The It. Brodo, is the past part. of the same verb. That which is brewed, brod." (Tooke, ii. 420.) See BREW.

And the angell of God said vnto him: take the fleshe & the swete kakes, and put them vpō this rocke, & powre out the broth.-Bible, 1551. Judges, c. 6.

When they exceede, and haue varietie of dishes, the first are their baked meates (for roste metes they vse little) and then their brothes or pottage.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 496.

I am sure by your unprejudiced discourses that you love broth better than scup.-Spectator, No. 308.

BROTHEL.

BROTHELING.

BROTHELRY.

From Bordell, or Burdell; by transposition of the letter r. See BORDELl.

Both Simon Magus and his whore Selenes, whych at Cyrus a cytie of Phoenices had maynteyned the brothell howse or steus, were admytted of the Romaines for their execrable sorceryes, to be worshypped for Goddis wyth yearely sacryfyces.-Bale. Volaries, pt. ii.

And the places dedicate to clennes & chastitie, lefte only to these apostates & brothells to liue there in lechery. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 258. He felle to the talke of as fyne brothelry, as anye craftes man in that art myght vtter.-Bale. Votaries, pt. ii.

They [the monkes] wrought off great wickednesse, and made those endwares little better than brodelhouses, especially where nunries were far off.

Hollinshed. Desc. of England, c. 13. His owne souldier if he had any courage or edge,-it is dulled and worne away in tipling and brotheling houses and following the princes example.-Savile. Tacitus. Hist. p. 88.

An ancient fabric rais'd t' inform the sight,
There stood of yore, and Barbican it hight:
A watch-tower once; but now, so fate ordains,
Of all the pile an empty name remains:
From its old ruins brothel-houses rise,
Scenes of lewd loves, and of polluted joys.

Dryden Mac Flecknos.

Brothers or brethren are children bred from the same parents; more laxly, from the same stock or parentage originally. (See FRATERNAL.) applied to

Also

Those who are united or conjoined as closely as brothers; who are distinguished by the same characteristic qualities.

Edred was tho kyng anon after Edmond ys brother,
Vor ys tueye sones so gonge were, that me ne mygte abbe
non other.-R. Gloucester, p. 278.

Thys acord was vaste ymade thoru stronge treuthe ynou
Vaste yplygt yn eyther syde, that non ne wyth drou.
So that thys tueye bretheren gode frend were.-Id. p. 388.
The kyng & his brother, that hight Alfrede,
Gadred folk togider, als men that had nede,
& com to the bataile with full egre herte.

R. Brunne, p. 21. But of the charite of britherhood we hadden no nede to write to ghou, ghesilf han lerned of God that ghe loue togidre, for ghe doen that unto alle brilheren in alle Macedonye.-Wiclif. Tessal. c. 4.

But as touching brotherly loue ye nede not that I write vnto you, for ye are taught of God to loue one another. Yea, & that thyng verely ye do vnto alle the bretheren whyche are thorowe out al Macedonia.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Thin is affection of holinesse,

And min is love, as to a creature:
For which I tolde thee min a venture
As to my cosin, and my brother sworne.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1160.
Rich. Welcome good Clarence, this is brotherlike.
Shakespeare. 3 Part Hen. VI. Act v. sc. 1.
I assure thee, (and almost with teares I speak it) there is
not one so young, and so vilanous this day liuing. I speake
but brotherly of him.-Id. As You like It. Act i. sc. 1.
Once more my Lord of Winchester I charge you
Embrace, and loue this man.

Gard. With a true heart,

And brother; loue I doe it, i. e. brotherly love.

Id. Hen. VIII. Act v. sc. 1.

So weeps the wounded balsam; so
The holy frankincense doth flow.
The brotherless Heliades

Melt in such amber tears as these.

Marvell. The Nymph on the Death of her Fawn.
His younger son on the polluted ground
First fruit of death, lies plaintive of a wound
Given by a brother's hand.-Prior. Solomon, b. iii.

With what he begg'd his brethren he relieved;
And gave the charities himself receiv'd.

Dryden. The Character of a good Parson. Your letter to us we have receiv'd as a signal mark of your favour and brotherly affection.-Spectator, No. 52.

All are not such. I had a brother oncePeace to the mem'ry of a man of worth, A man of letters, and of manners too! Of manners sweet as virtue always wears, When gay good-nature dresses her in smiles. Cowper. Task, b. ii. He is to be commended as having fewer artifices of disgust than most of his brethren of the blank song.

Johnson. Life of Akenside.

When such a questionable shape is to be admitted for the first time into the brotherhood of Christendom, it is not a mere matter of idle curiosity to consider how far it is in its nature alliable with the rest.

Burke. On Regicide Peace, Let. 2.

Her sighs were not for him: to her he was
Even as a brother-but no more; 'twas much,
For brotherless she was, save in the name
Her infant friendship had bestow'd on him.

Byron. The Dream. [His letters represent in a very pleasing light] his zeal to promote the interests of religion in general, and the Church of England in particular; not by warm and violent counsels, but by methods of tenderness and brotherly kindness towards those who embraced a different interest.

BROW, v.
BROW, n.

BROW'LESS.

BRO/WBEAT, V.

Porteus. Life of Abp. Secker. A. S. Brawe, bruwa; Dut.

Brauwe or browe, the edge. It is applied to

Any thing which overhangs or overlooks: as the brow of a hill; the eye brow,-in Ger. Aug-brauwe.

To brow-beat, is to beat down or overawe with frowning, threatening, overhanging brows. Browless, bare-faced.

And like a griffon loked he about,
With kemped heres on his browes stout.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2136.
Florent his wofull heede vplifte
And sawe this recke, where that she sit,
Which was the lothest wighte,
That euer man caste on his eie:

Hir nose baas, hir browes hie.-Gower. Con. A. b. i.
Alas! what stable frute may Adam's childeren fynde
In that they seke by sweate of browes, and travill of their
mynde.
Surrey. Ecclesiastes.

This have I learn't
Tending my flocks hard by i' th' hilly crofts
That brow this bottom glade.
Milton. Comus.
And, harke! the high brow'd hills aloud begin to ring
With sound of things that forth prepared is to sing.
Drayton. Poly Olbion, s. 29.
Cleare vp thy browes, and raise thy fainting eyes,
See how my glitt'ring palace open lies
For weary passengers, whose desp'rate case
I pitie and prouide a resting place

Beaumont. The World, &c. A Dialogue. And in very truth we must entertain our friends and guests with courtesie, mirth, a smiling countenance, and affectionate love: and not to brow beat them, nor yet put the servitors in a fright, and make them quake and tremble with our frowning looks.- Hotland. Fiulurch, p. 107.

These will appear in a different light from others, who with rude and boisterous language abuse and revile the unfortune prisoner; who browbeat his witnesses as soon as they appear, though ever so willing to declare the whole truth.-Emlyn. State Trials, Pref.

In that dayes feates,

When he might act the woman in the scene,
He prou'd best man i' th' field, and for his meed
Was brow-bound with the oake.

Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act ii. sc. 2.
Our wits were at an ebb, or very low,
And to say truth, I think they cannot flow,
But yet a gracious influence from you
May alter nature in our brow-sick crew.

Suckling. Prologue of the Authors At morn the nymph vouchsaf'd to place Upon her brow the various wreath; The flowers less blooming than her face, The scent less fragrant than her breath. The swain Disaster'd stands; sees other hills ascend, Of unknown joyless brow; and other scenes, Of horrid prospect, shag the trackless plain.

Prior. The Garland.

Thomson. Winter. So browless was this heretick that he was not ashamed to tell the world, that all he preached was sent him immediately from heaven.-Addison. Life of Mahomet, p. 84.

For one may see with half an eye,
That gravity can never lie;

And his arch'd brow, pull'd o'er his eyes,
With solemn proof proclaims him wise.

Churchill. The Ghost, b. ii.

BROWNISH.

BROWNY. BROWNNESS.

(from Brennau, to burn. Serenius and Ihre.) Fr. Brun; It. Bruno; all from the A. S. Brennan, to burn. (See AUBURN.) And

Brown means burned (subaud. colour.) It is that colour which things have that have been burned.

Lengore man he was somdel, thanne hys brethren were,
Vayr man & thycke ynow, & broune here.
R. Gloucester, p. 429.
Normandie alle doun, mykelle ther of is brent
& slayn black & broun of alle that he mot hent.

R. Brunne, p. 197.

And next him daunced dame Fraunchise
Arayed in full noble gise,

She was not browne ne dunne of hewe
But white as snowe yfallen newe.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose.

To taste (sometimes) a baite of bytter gall,
To drinke a draught of sower ale (some season)
To eate broune bread with homely handes in hall,
Doth much encrease men's appetites by reason.
Gascoigne. Dan Bartholomew.
Now like I brown (O lovely brown thy hair)
Only in brownness beauty dwelleth there

Drayton. King John to Matilda
His browny locks did hang in crooked curls;
And every light occasion of the wind
Upon his lips their silken parcels hurls.

Shakespeare. A Lover's Complaint.

I expect to see my lucubrations printed on browner paper than they are at present; and if the humour continues, must be forced to retrench my expensive way of living, and not smoke above two pipes a day.-Tatler, No. 101.

the bark of trees or shrubs, the young shoots, the herbage.

To crush, to fret, to chaw, to eat, to feed upon. Giu. There is cold meat i' th' caue, we'l broux on that Whilst what we haue kill'd be cook'd.

Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act iii. sc. 6.

As in a forest well compleat with deere,
We see the hollyes, ashes, every where,
Rob'd of their cloathing by the browsing game.

Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. ii. s. 1. Greene must this brouse be in any wise when it is gathered, and not seere or withered.

Holland. Plinie, b. xviii. c. 31. The park for a cheerful rising ground, for groves and browsings for the deer, for rivulets of water, may compare with any for its highness in the whole land.

Howell. Letters, b. i. s. 2. Let. 8. When they came to the north part of the island, where Governor Lane had built his fort, they found it razed, and the ground-rooms of the dwelling-houses, which had been also erected about it, inhabited by deer, and overgrown with melons, or such like sort of fruit, which those animals aroox'd upon.-Oldys. Life of Ralegh.

This place was therefore called the Lovers Leap; and whether or no the fright they had been in, or the resolution that could push them to so dreadful a remedy, or the bruises which they often received in their fall, banished all the tender sentiments of love, and gave their spirits another turn; those who had taken this leap were observed never to relapse into that passion.-Spectator, No. 223.

The means, that simple nature has supplied them with, are by no means adequate to such an end, many scratches, many bruises undoubtedly would be received upon all hands; but only a few, a very few deaths.

Burke. Vindication of Natural Society. This gauntlet, we understand,

From annals, time out of mind,
Have given due weight to each hand
Of the bruisers of mankind.-Brookes, Air 31.
Like a new bruiser on Broughtonic sand,
Amid the lists our hero takes his stand.

Sheep, goats, and oxen, and the nobler steed, On browse, and corn, and flow'ry meadows feed.

At proper distance drive stiff oaken stakes;
Which interwove with boughs and flexile twigs,
Frustrate the nibbling flock or browsing herd.

Dodsley. Agriculture, c. 2.

The full lips, the rough tongue, the corrugated cartilaginous palate, the broad cutting teeth, of the ox, the deer, the horse, and the sheep, qualify this tribe for browsing upon their pasture; either gathering large mouthfulls at once, where the grass is long, which is the case with the ox in particular; or biting close, where it is short, which the horse and the sheep are able to do, in a degree that one could hardly expect.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 2.

BRUIN. A Bear, so called by Mr. Gayton, in his Notes upon Don Quixote, b. iv. c. 5, p. 196. Probably from the Fr. Bruire, to roar, (Dr. Grey, On Hudibras.) See quotation following.

For as an Austrian archduke once
Had one ear

• in battle par'd,

Close to his head: so Bruin far'd.-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3.

So watchful Bruin forms, with plastick care,
Each growing lump, and brings it to a bear.
Pope. Dunciad, b. 1.
Fr. Briser; Dut. Brusen;
A. S. Brysan,conterere, to brise;
-as it was anciently written.

BRUISE, v.
BRUISE, n.
BRUISER.

See BROWSE.

To beat or press together, so as to destroy the continuity of the parts.

To bray, or pound; to crush.

And he that schal falle on this stoon schal be broken, but on whom it schal falle it schal also brisen him.

Wiclif. Matt. c. 21.

A. S. Brittian, to distribute:-but this is merely a consequential usage of the A. S Brittan, to break, to break to pieces, and hence to disperse. See

BRUTE.

A bruit, a noise, spread, conveyed, reported; a report, a rumour, a fame.

By thys meanes the same was shortly bruted throughout all Irelande, and euery man was willynge to take his parte and submyt themselfes to him, callyng him of al handes kyng.-Hall. Hen. VII. an. 1.

Beholde, the noise of the brute is come, and a greate commotion out of the north countrey to make the cities of Judah desolate [and] a denne of dragons. Geneva Bible, 1561. Jeremiah, x. 22.

When euery man was prest and ready to geue the assaute, a sodeyne rumoure roase in the army that a peace was by the commissioners taken and concluded, which brute as it was pleasaunte and mellifluous to the Frechmen, so it was to the English nació bitter, soure and dolorous.

Hall. Hen. VII. an. 6. While that by fate his state in stay did stand, And when his realm did flourish by advice, Of glorie then we bare som fame and brute.

Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. ii. For so muche as the people that heare speakynge of thynges passed (though that it be of their countreys and of their owne ancesters) they suffre the brugte to spreade abrode & ronne as one reporteth it vnto the, wythoute enquyrynge any further of the trouthe.-Nicolls. Thucydides, p. 18. Bruterers,-prophesiers or soothsayers.

Tyndall. An Exposicion of certayne Words. Hee [Edgar] commaunded Ethelwold, an earle, and also his secretarie, to go looke upon her, and so to prouide, that if she were according to the common bruted fame, she mought bee his wife.-Stow. The West Saxons, an. 959.

Now, Sir, what think you of Mr. St. Johns trial in the Star chamber? I know that the bruit ran, that he was hardly dealt withall, because he was imprison'd in the Tower; see

A brosed reede shall he not breake, and flax that begynneth to burne, he shall not quenche, tyll he sende forth judgment vnto victorie.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

After the whiche agremet endyd and perfyghted withi a shorte term, ye sayd Aistulphus beyng in his disporte of huntyng, fell from his horse or with his horse, by vyolence whereof he was soo broyseyd that he dyed shortlye after, when he had rulyd the Longobardis, Lumbardis, or Italyons, VIII. yeres.-Fabyan, c. 153.

The number of which aduersities and troubles entring, and deepelye sinking into the kinges minde with his sore broose and hurt ensuyng of the wound taken at the battaile besyde Merton, shortened his dayes, so that he dyed when he had reigned in great vexation and trouble of the Danes, VIII. yeres.-Grafton, an. 872.

I can march all day in massy steel,

Nor yet my arms unwieldy weight do feel;

Nor wak'd by night with bruise or bloody wound,
The tent my bed, no pillow but the ground.

Drayton. Henry to Rosamond.

-Hast thou friends here
Able to quench my anger, or perswade me,
After I have beaten thee into one main bruist,
And made thee spend thy state in rotten apples,
Thou canst at length be quiet.

Beaum. & Fletch. Love's Pilgrimage, Act iii. sc. 3. The night fell out so very dark and tempestuous, and the ways were so full of hills and dales, rocks and precipices, that many of the soldiers were much bruised by falls, one of toem so mortified, that he lost his life in the march. Oldys. Life of Ralegh.

VOL. I.

|

was warranted by law.-Oldys. Life of Ralegh.

Let it be bruited all about the town, That he is coarse, indelicate, and brown.-Churchill. Times. BRUMAL. Fr. Brumal; It. Brumale; Lat. Bruma; so called, quod brevissimus tunc dies; and thus formed, Brevissimus, brevimus, brevima, breuma, bruma. See Vossius and Varro, b. v.

G. Douglas says, "Thay short dayes, that clerkes clepe brumale," (Virg. b. viii. Prol.) Winterly.

For at that time, which happeneth about the brumal solstice, it hath been observed even unto a proverb, that the sea is calm, and the winds do cease, till the young ones are excluded, and forsake their nest, which floateth upon the sea and by the roughness of winds might otherwise be overwhelmed.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 10.

BRUNT. Brun-ed, brun'd, brunt; i. e. burnt. To beare the first "brunte of the feelde," is to bear the heat of the feelde, the hot or burnt part of it. See Skinner and Tooke.

The lord admirall perceyuynge that, sent to hys father the erle of Surrey hys Agnus dei that honge at hys brest, that in all haste he woulde ioyne battayle, euen wyth the bront or brest of the vant garde.-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 5.

The shote of arblasters bega on both sydes, which ouer threwe many an horse and man, and specially ye fore rydars yt put themselfe in prese with theyr loge and sharp launcys to wynne the firste brunte of the feelde. Fabyan, vol. i. c. 163.

233

He alleageth also against me, that I say M. More is sore deceaned, and set on the sand euen at the first brunt, and in the beginning of hys voyage, and that I would wish M. More a little more witte.-Frith Workes D. 67. In daunger of distresse

this knight was euer woont To yeelde himselfe to perils prest, and bide the greatest broont.

Turberville. An Epitaph and Woful Verse.

He shewed vnto Meherdates that the first brunt of the barbarians was fierce and hote; but by delay and lingring became cold, or turned into treason.

Grenewey. Tacílvs. Annales, p. 158. His pupillage Man-entred thus, he waxed like a sea, And in the brunt of seuenteene battailes since, He lurcht all swords of the garland.

Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act ii. sc. 2 The friendly rug preserv'd the ground, And headlong knight, from bruise or wound, Like feather bed betwixt a wall And heavy brunt of cannon ball.-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 2. So wing'd, in war, or darkness, on the deep, Two ships adverse the mediate ocean sweep! With horrid brunt joins each encount'ring prow; Loud roars the rifled surge, and foams below.

Brooke. Constantia, BRUNETT. Fr. Brunet, brownish --somewhat brown; a nut-brown girl, (Cotgrave.)

As you are by character a profest well-wisher to speculation, you will excuse a remark which this gentleman's passion for that brunette has suggested to a brother theorist. Spectator, No. 396.

brush. See BRISTLE.

A brush is perhaps so called, because made of brustles or bristles.

To brush is to rub with a brush, to sweep with one; to rub or sweep.

And for so moche as they haue shaken so lowsy bagges of beggerye with so earneste a stomake, lete them not doubt of it, but the stinking dust therof shall be turned to them agayne, brushe it of their syde gownes if they can. Bale. Apology, fol. 16.

And that shalt thou doe, in case thou brushe awaye the brambles of doubtefull questions, and deuide and dystribute the worde of God wyth vprighte iudgemente, propoundyng onely those thynges, that properlye belong to the matter of saluation and of godlines.-Udal. 2 Timothy, c. 2.

100. brushes for garments (none made of swine haire,) for gifts, and otherwise to be sold. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 363. Cal. As wicked dewe, as ere my mother brush'd, With rauens feather from vnwholesome fen Drop on you both.

Shakespeare Tempest, Act i. sc. 2.
They heard and yeelded willingly: brusht off the duste
and on
Put other vests. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xxiii.
In heav'n the trees

Of life ambrosial frutage bear, and vines
Yield nectar, though from off the boughs each morn
We brush mellifluous dewes, and find the ground
Cover'd with pearly grain.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv. 1. 429.
Yorke. Of Salisbury, who can report of him,
That winter lyon, who in rage forgets
Aged contusions, and all brush of time:
And like a gallant, in the brow of youth
Repairs him with occasion.

Shakespeare. 2 Part Hen. VI. Act v. sc. 3. Some spread their sailes, some with strong oars sweepe The waters smooth, and brush the buxome waue, Their breasts in sunder cleaue the yealding deepe, The broken seas for anger foame and raue.

Fairefax. Godfrey of Borlogne, b. xv. s. 12. Sir Henry Wotton used to say, "That critics were like brushers of noblemen's cloathes."-Bacon. Apophthegms.

Considering the brushiness and angulosity of the parts of the air, a more than ordinary motion or compressive rest may very well prove painful to the soul, and disharmonious to her touch.-H. More. Immort. of the Soul, b. iii. Ax. 31.

As for the gentle whispers and touches of divine grace, the monitory dispensations of Providence, the good advices and wholesome reproofs of friends, with the like means of reclaiming sinners: these to persons settled on their lees, or fixed in bad custome, are but as gusts of wind brushing an old oak, or as waves dashing on a rock, without at all shaking or stirring it.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 16.

HH

Honeycomb seized all her gally-pots and washes, and carried off his handkerchief full of brushes, scraps of Spanish wool, and phials of unguents.-Spectator, No. 41.

I concluding it to be blood, presently suspected, that it might have proceeded from some small unheeded drop of blood, wiped off by the brushy substance of the nerve, from the knife wherewith it was cut. Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 343.

With vain traditions stop the gaping fence,
With every common hand pull'd up with ease:
What safety from such brushwood-helps as these?
If written words from time are not secur'd,
How can we think have oral sounds endur'd.

Bound for holy Palestine,
Nimbly we brush'd the level brine
All in azure steel array'd.

Dryden. Religio Laici.

Warton. The Crusade.

Id. Ib. b. iv.

The frugal housewife trembles, when she lights
Her scanty stock of brush-wood blazing clear,
But dying soon, like all terrestrial joys.

BRUSK. Is perhaps, brisk, lively, sharp, ough. See BRISK.

We are sorry to hear that the Spanish gentlemen, who have been lately sent to that king, found (as they say) but a brusk welcome; which makes all fear, that there may be a rebullition in that business.-Reliquia Wottonianæ, p. 582.

BRUSTLE. Skinner says, from the A. S. Brastlian, crepitare, from Barstan, to burst, quia disrupta crepant; or as Dr. T. H. ingeniously conjectures, (q. d.) to bristle, to erect the bristles. Brastlian, crepitare, is probably Be-rastlian, to rustle, to make a rustling noise. Hackluyt uses "the brustling and the bustling of a tyde," as equivalent expressions. See BUSTLe.

When he is falle in suche a dreme,
Right as a ship against the streme
He routeth with a slepic noyse,
And broustleth as a monkes froyse,

When it is throwe into the panne.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv. On the 19th of July we fell into a great whirling and brustling of a tyde, setting to the northwards and sayling about half a league we came into a very calm sea which bent to the southwest.

Hackluyt. Voyages. John Dauis, vol. iii. p. 99.

BRUTE, n. BRUTE, adj. BRUTAL. BRUTALLY. BRUTALITY. BRUTALIZE. BRO'TELY. BRUTENESS. BRUTIFY. BRUTISH. BRUTISHLY.

Lat. Brutus, of unsettled etymology. Vossius says it may be contracted from ПpoBarov, ovis, or uяо тηя BарνTηTOS, i. e. a gravitate. The root is apparently northern. The A. S. Brytt-ian, to bruit; the Lat. Brutus, as the Fr. Brouter, to brutt or browse, may have been originally applied to browsing, or grazing BRUTISHNFAS. animals; the brute earth, the earth bruted, brutted, or grazed upon; or (as the Fr. Bruit, now is,) it may have been originally used to denote, when applied to animals, noisy; the noisy, roaring, bellowing class of animals: dumb only, as to articulate speech; loud, as to inarticulate utterance. (See BRUIN.) When applied to other things, (e. g. the earth,) it was used to denote some quality in common with these animals: their want of understanding, their stupidity, slug. glishness, dulness, heaviness. And hence extended, both in ancient and modern usage, (met.) to that which has the distinguishing, characteristic, qualities of a brute.

To that which is stupid, irrational, ignorant, grossly sensual; to that which is inhuman, savage, cruel, ferocious.

Neuerthelesse man abydeth not in suche honoure, but is compared vnto the brute beastes, and becometh lyke vnto thera.--Bible, 1551. Psalm 49.

And therefore he had yet another ferefull vision, which is here reherced of himself, and he was punished, put out of his kingdome, lost his wynde, made lyke a brute beste. Joy. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 4.

Are brutal things, transferred so to men?
Or men become more sauage than the beast?
We see the dogge, that kennels in his den,
(For ouely foode) obey his lordes behest.

Gascoigne. Commendatory Verses.

O Rome, what dost thou? why regardest thou not these lawes of ye Lacedemonians, which with their friendly customes doth mocke thy brutall vices -Golden Boke, c. 23.

Judge, good Chrysten reader, whether it be possible that he be anye better then a beaste, out of whose brutishe beastely mouthe, cometh such a fylthie forme of blasphemys againste Christes holy cerimonies and blessed sacramentes, sent into his churche out of hys owne blessed bloudy syde. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 402.

They haue few bookes and lesse learning, and are for the most part very brutish in all kind of good sciences, sauing in some kind of silke works, and in such things as pertaine to the furniture of horses, in the which they are passing good.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 399.

But thus much I say unto you magistrates: if you will not maintaine schooles and vniversities, yee shall have a brutality. Therefore now a sute againe to your highnesse. So order the matter that preaching may not decay. For surely if preaching decay, ignorance and brutishnesse will enter againe.-Latimer. Serm. p. 115. an. 1550.

There wanted yet the master work, the end
Of all yet don; a creature who not prone
And brute as other creatures, but endu'd
With sanctitie of reason, might erect
His stature, and upright with front serene
Govern the rest.
Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vii.

Redouble then this miracle, and say
How cam'st thou speakable of mute, and how
To me so friendly grown above the rest
Of brutal kind, that daily are in fight?

Id. Ib. b. ix.

These Epicureans are not any way worthy the name of Philosophers, who contrariwise tread and trample under foot all the parts of true philosophy, discovering in their writings, as well as throughout all their lives, meer beastly brutality-Holland. Plutarch, p. 907.

Brutish that contest and foule
When reason hath to deal with force.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vi.

The vulgar expositor (as there is nothing more violent and boisterous than a reverend ignorance in fear to be contradicted) rushes brutely and impetuously against all the principles both of nature, piety, and moral goodness; and in the fury of his literal expounding overthrows them all. Id. Tetrachordon.

Thou dotard vile
That with thy brutenesse spendst thy comely age,
Abandon soone, I read, the cay tive spoile
Of that same outcast carcas

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 8.

As the Syrians, were first blinded and then led into the midst of Samaria: so are the idolaters first bereaved of their

wits and common sense, and afterwards are carried brutishly into all palpable impiety.-Bp. Hall. Cont. Golden Calf.

A brute arrives at a point of perfection that he can never pass. In a few years he has all the endowments he is capable of, and were he to live ten thousand more, would be the same thing he is at present.-Spectator, No. 111.

Now who can this surprizing fact conceive,
Who this event fortuitous believe,
That the brute earth, unguided, should embrace
The only useful, only proper place,
Of all the millions in the empty space?

Blackmore. Creation, b. i.

And he, from whom the nations should receive
Justice and freedom, lies himself a slave,
Tortur'd by cruel change of wild desires,
Lash'd by mad rage, and scorch'd by brutal fires.
Prior. Solomon, b. ii.

A rich man had nothing to please him, but a new toy, a puff of applause, success at a horse-race, at bowls, at hunting; in some petty sport and pastime, which can yeild but a very thin and transitory satisfaction to any man not quite

brutified and void of sense.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 5.

Deaf to her fondest call, blind to her greatest charms,
And, sunk in pleasures, and in brutish ease,
They in their shipwreck'd state themselves obdurate
please.-Roscommon. Ode upon Solitude.

If one be under a disease that wine inflames and increases, and the physician forbids it as deadly, yet the patient will judge only by his palate, whether wine be good for him; were it not a kind of brutishness worthy of the evil that attends it.-Bates. The Danger of Prosperity.

He turns his eyes upon his carnal frame,
And sees it, all, a seat of filth and shame;
Fellow'd with brules, with brutes to take his bed,
Like brutes to propagate, be born, and fed.

Brooke. Redemption.

We cannot teach brute animals to use their eyes in any other way than in that which nature hath taught them; nor can we teach them to communicate to us the appearances, which visible objects make to them, either in ordinary or in extraordinary cases.-Reid. Enquiry, c. 6. s. 14.

The play [Mariamne] was acted at the other theatre: and the brutal petulance of Cibber was confuted, though perhaps not shamed, by general applause.-Johnson. Life of Fenton.

So much was he altered by a long succession of hardshipa, that he passed entirely without notice; and in the evening, when he was going up to the prætor's chair, he was brutally repulsed by the attending lictors.

Goldsmith. The Story of Alcander & Septimius.

In this kind of government human nature is not only abused, and insulted, but it is actually degraded, and sunk into a species of brutality.-Burke. Vind. of Nat. Society. Strange! that a creature rational, and cast In human mould, should brutalize by choice His nature. Cowper. Task, b. i.

duellists, gamblers, and adulterers (to name no more), would A plain historical account of some of our most fashionable exhibit specimens of brutish barbarity and sottish infatua tion, such as might vie with any that ever appeared in Kamschatka, California, or the land of Hottentots.

BRUTT.

Beattie. On Truth, pt. iii. c. 2.

Fr. Brouter, to browse, from BRUTTING, n. the A. S. Brytt-ian, to bruise. See BRUTE.

To browse.

The virtue of the Cophee was discovered by marking what the goats so greedily brutted upon.-Evelyn. Acetaria.

Of all the foresters this [horn-beam] preserves itself best from the bruttings of the deer.-Id. b. i. c. 6. s. 2. BUB, v. Dut. Bobbelen, bullire, ebullire. BUB, n. Dr. Jamieson would rather derive BU'BBY. it from the Sw. By, a gust, a squall. The Gloss. to G. Douglas calls it, a word formed from the sound. See BUBBLE.

Double bub; strong, foaming, bubbling liquor. Bubby, seems to be merely the cry, Bu bu, common to children when in need of their mother's milk. See BABE, and Boy.

We passed on so far forth till we saw
Rude Acheron, a lothsome lake to tell,
That boyles and bubs vp swelth as blacke as hell
Where griestie Charon at their fixed tide
Still ferries ghosts vnto the farther side.

Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 268.

Or if it he his fate to meet

With folks who have more wealth than wit;
He loves cheap port, and double bub;

And settles in the hum-drum-club.-Prior. Cameleon..
Then soon he mends his own apparel,
Eats boil'd and roast, and taps his barrel;
Drinks double bub, with all his might.

BUBBLE, v. BUBBLE, n. BUBBLER.

BUBBLY.

Somervile, Fab. 14. c. 3. Dut. Bobbelen, bullire, ebullire, to rise in boils, blebs, or

blobs. "The bairne has a

bubbley nose," (Grose.)

A bubble is applied (met.) to that which wili burst as easily as a bubble ;-to a puff, (met.) and thus to a cheat, a delusion, a fraud. And hence, consequentially—

To bubble is to cheat, to delude, to defraud.

Which scriptures of God, whe as without blusteryng of worldly eloquence they issue furth caulmely and smothely, yet because they bubbled out of the priuy hid cause of godly wisedome, they haue heauenly violence to remoue the blyndnesse of mannes mynde, howe long socuer it hath continued, and to open those iyes wherewith God is seen, whom to haue seen is felicitie.-Udal. John, c. 9.

How can your prayse decay, whose actes & monumentes are consecrated to immortalitie, as thinges not builded vpon the sand of ambicious sekyng nor (like bubles in the rayne water) puffed vp with an vncertain blast of worldly vanitie. Id. Luke, Pref.

Like boyling liquour in a seething pot,
That fumeth, swelleth high, and bubbleth fast,
Till ore the brimmes among the embers hot,
Part of the broth and of the scum is cast.
Fairefax. Godfrey of Bovlogne, b. viii. s. 74.
Broaching with bloody point his breast before;
Doun from the wound trickled the bubbling gore,
Ard bid pale death come in at that red gaping door.
P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, c. 11,

O worldly pompe, how contemptible art thou, because thou art euer vaine and slippery? Rightly thou mayest be compared to a bubble in the water, that in a moment so proudelie settest vp thyselfe, and sodainlie thou shalt be brought into nothing.-Stow. Will. Cong. an. 1087.

Why then doth flesh, a bubble-glas of breath,
Hunt after honour and aduancement vaine,
And reare a trophee for denouring death,
With so great labour and long lasting paine,
As if his dayes for euer should remaine!

Spenser. The Ruins of Time,

Pope. Horace, b. i. Epist. 4.

One Bardolph, if your maicstie know the man: his face is all bubukles and welkes and knobs. Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act iii. sc. 6. BUCCANEER. Fr. "Boucan, a wooden gridiron, whereon Cannibals broyle pieces of men and other flesh," (Cotgrave.) Menage considers the words Boucan, Boucaner, to be Carribbee Indian; and that hence Boucanier or Buccanier, applied to pirates or freebooters, living like wild Indian Cannibals, is derived.

Then many a painful step he takes

O'er hills and vales, through woods and brakes:
No sturdy desperate buccaneer
E'er suffered hardships more severe.

Somervile. Fables, c. 5. BUCK, n. A. S. Bucca; Fr. Bouc; It. BUCK, v. Becco; Ger. Dut. and Sw. Bock, is an animal, striking, (butting) with the horns, from Ger. Bocken, to strike, (Wachter.) Martinius also mentions the Ger. Bocken; Fr. Buquer, among other conjectures. (In v. Hircus.)

The male of various animals, as, the deer, the rabbit, the goat.

For it is ympossible, that synnes be don awaye bi blood of bolis and of buckis of geet.-Wiclif. Ebrewis, c. 10.

He priketh thurgh a fair forest,
Therein is many a wild best

Ye bothe buck and hare.

Buck the noun is applied by Shakespeare, both to things washed, and to the water, in which they are washed.

And bouketh hem at hus brest and beeteth hit ofte.
And whit warme water of hus eyen. worketh hit he white.
Piers Plouhman, p. 281.

Into a studie he fell sodenly,
As done these lovers in hir queinte geres,
Now in the crop, and now down in the breres,
Now up, now doun, as boket in a well.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1535.

But on the sudden stop'd and silent stood As lovers often muse, and change their mind Now high as heaven, and then as low as hell; Now up, now down as buckets in a well.-Dryden, 1b. Abowte the XVIII. yere of the reygne of this Phylyp fell such plete of water, yt the groude was therwith so bucked and drowned, that corne and other frutes, by reason therof, greatly decayed and scanted.-Fabyan, vol. i. c. 243.

And vpon yt ensuyd such excessyues of rayne that corne was therewith drowned in ye erthe, and so bukkyd with water, that the yere ensuynge whete was at xl.d. a busshell. Id. an. 1368.

As in treasons or mutinies, wise states-men find it safest to kill the serpent in the egge; so in motions of spirituall alterations one spoonfull of water will quench the fire at the first, which afterwards whole buckets cannot abate.

Bp. Hall. Cont. The Allar of the Reubenites.

Fal. You shall heare. As good luck would haue it, comes in one Mist. Page, giues intelligence of Ford's approach: and in her inuention, and Ford's wiue's distraction, they conuey'd me into a bucke-basket.

Saynt Pye strake him in the sight of the helme a soret stroke, so that therwith he was so vnheimed, that y⚫ bocs behynde brake, and the helme fell to the groude.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 168. Notwithstandyng, I add thys muche more vnto it, that they made not buttons nor shoe buckles at those solempnytees.-Bale. Apology, fol. 61.

Others made readie their harnesse and buckled themselves to their weapons as though they were going to field. Savile. Tacitus. Historic, p. 170. And as the wretch, whose feauer-weakned joynts, Like strengthlesse hinges, buckle vnder life, Impatient of his fit, breakes like a fire Out of his keepers armes: euen so, my limbes (Weak'ned with greefe) being now inrag'd with greefe, Are thrice themselues.

Shakespeare. 2 Pt. Hen. IV. Act i. sc. I. Wrestling may be compared with the violent buckling and conflict pell-mell in the medley.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 553.

Another informs me of a pair of silver garters buckled below the knee, that have been lately seen at the Rainbow Coffee-house in Fleet-street.-Spectator, No. 16.

The wearer of it [a wig] goes, it seems, in his own hair when he is at home, and lets his wig be in buckle for a whole half year, that he may put it on upon occasion to meet the judges in it.-Id. No. 129.

Then advance
In garments buckled on their spacious chests,
A people destin'd in eternal verse
Ev'n thine sublime Mæonides to live.

Glover. Leonidas, b. iv.

Shakespeare. Merry Wiues, Act iii. sc. 5. -Whether beare you this!

Ser. To the landresse forsooth?

Id. Ib. Act iii. sc. 3.

And many a hart and many an hinde

Was both before me and behind

Of fawnes, sowers, buckes, does,

Was full the wodde, and many rowes.-Id. Dream.

Somer is come: for euery spray now springs,
The hart hath hong his old hed on the pale;
The buck, in brake his winter coate he flings;
The fishes flete with new repaired scale.

Surrey. Description of Spring. And alway the first bucking tyme of the shepe, Jacob put the staues before the shepe in the gutters, that they mighte conceiue before the staues. But in the latter buckynge tyme, put them not there.-Bible, 1551. Genesis, c. 30.

Whiche thing doen, therle folowed at the back, the ragged route and mischeuious multitude, as a man, that draue the deare before hym into the buckestall, or the sely coneis into the secret hay.-Hall. Hen. VI. an. 12.

-The males he left without His loftie roofes, that all bestrowd about With rams, and buck-goates were.

are beaux and belles.

What with ill-natured flings and rubs
From flippant bucks, and hackney scrubs,
His toils through dust, through dirt, through gravel,
Take off his appetite for travel.

BUCKLE, v.
BUCKLE, n.
BUCKLING.

tere, to bend;
(Skinner.)

66

The swarthy smith spits in his buck-horne fist,
And bids his men bring out the five-fold twist.

Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. i. s. 5.

He was never suffered to go abroad, for fear of catching cold; when he should have been hunting down a buck, he was by his mother's side learning how to season it, or put it in crust.-Spectator, No. 482.

We have two instances in the reign of Ed. IV. of persons executed for treasonable words; the one a gentleman, whose favourite buck the king killed in hunting, whereupon he wished it, hornes and all, in the king's belly. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 6. BUCK, v. Dut. Buycken; Ger. Beuchen; Buck, n. Fr. Buer; all, says Wachter, (after BUCKET. Huet,) from the Lat. Buo. Spelman guides us to a less distant source; the A. S. Bugan; Ger. Beugen, to arch, to bend. plains, Baucca quasi buca; Sax. Buc; which Somner interprets

He ex

Richesse a girdle had upon The bokell of it was a stone

Of vertue great, and mokell of might.-Id. R. of the R. Than on the left syde a shylde is buckled, to kepe of all arowe shot.-Udal. Ephesians, c. 6.

There came without any delai an houge army of men partely glad to helpe their price and to do him seruice, and partely to buckle with the Frenchmen, with whome the Englishmen very willingly desyre to cope and fight in ope battaill.-Hall. Hen. VII. an. 7.

If the vnaduysed wilfulnes and hastines of the soldiers

be brideled by the captains: if there be no buckling together of the two armies, sauing only by such souldiers and me of armes as haue geuen their othe afore to do as they ought to do and none otherwise: nor without a signe to bee geuen by commaundment of the capytayne whan they shall buccle together in fight.--Udal. Luke, c. 3.

leer, a contraction of Dut. Leder, Eng. Leather, (q.d.) corium sive pellis hirci, because shields are covered with the hides or skins of beasts, especially of bucks, (hædorum). The Latin Scutum, he observes, is, anо TOU σKUTEOS, i. e. a corio, sive pelle. And the Gr. 'Pivos, is applied equally to a hide or a shield.

To buckler is to protect or cover with a buckler, to guard, to defend.

And by his side a swerd and a bokeler.

Chaucer. Prologue, v. 112.

In these assaultes I feele my febled force
Begins to faint, thus, weried still in woes
And scarcely can my thus consumed corse,
Hold vp this buckier to beare of these blowes.

Gascoigne. Shield of Loue, &c. Which in my mind I promise you how gayly so euer it glyter in ones eye for a florish, yet who fight therwith shal find it neither sharpe or sure, if it fall on a good buckler and not on a naked man.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 206.

Warw. But that the guilt of murther bucklers thee,
And I should rob the deaths-man of his fee,
Quitting thee thereby of ten thousand shames,
And that my soueraignes presence makes me milde,
I would, false murd'rous coward, on thy knee
Make thee begge pardon for thy passed speech.

Shakespeare. 2 Part Hen. VI. Act iii. sc. 2. The bucklers were excogitated and divised, for the keeping off the blows and strokes, but the declining of strokes was before bucklers.-Cudworth. Intel. Syst. p. 677.

Let the reader only peruse the description of Minerva's ægis, or buckler, in the fifth book, with her spear, which could overturn whole squadrons, and her helmet, that was sufficient to cover an whole army drawn out of a thousand cities.-Spectator, No. 309.

Wilt thou not place me in that glorious hour
Close to thy buckler? Gratitude will brace
Thy pupil's arm to manifest the force
Of thy instruction.

BUCKRAM, n. BUCKRAM, adj.

Glover. Leonidas, b. ii.

Fr. Bourgrain; It. Bucherame; Dut. Bockerael. Skinner thinks from Fr. Bourre, flocks of wool, hair &c. and grain, wherewith cloth is died, as scarletgrain: (met.)—

Stiff, starched.