(Wachter.) In A. S. Cearfan, ceorfan, aceorfan, to carve, to cut, to cut to pieces, to slay, to kill. A destructive kind of gun.

What though the German drum Bellow for freedom and revenge? the noise Concerns not us, nor should divert our joys; Nor ought the thunder of their carabins Drown the sweet airs of our tun'd violins.

Carew. On the Death of the King of Sweden.

I, hearing him give good words, thought he proposed to render himself to me; and therefore stopped my horse, that I might hear him more distinctly: but he, instead of that, made ready his carabine to fire at me. Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. i. p. 132. CA'RACK, n. Fr. Carraque; It. Caracca; Sp. Caráca. Vossius, a gravitate capitis, а кара et Bapus. Skinner, perhaps, from the Lat. Carrus; (q. d.) carrus marinus. Delphino calls itA great heavy sort of ship, the Portuguese formerly sailed in to the East Indies: it was also used by the Genoeses.

Carack and Caravel had probably one origin; and that origin the cargo with which they were loaded.

And now hath Sathanas, sayth he, a tayl
Broder than a carrike in the sayl.

Chaucer. The Sompnoures Prol. v. 7270.

And had prepared in certayne portes, such a nombre of vessels, shyppes, careekes, and gayles, suffycient to passe ouer lx.m. men of armes, with all their purueaunces.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 27.

The other, [ship] wherein C. Cæsar had transported the second obeliske into the river, after it had been kept safe for certain yeares together to be seene, (for that it was the most admirable carrick that ever had been knowne to flote upen the sea,) Claudius Cæsar late Emperour of Rome, caused it to be brought to Ostia, where, for the safetie and securitie

of the haven, he sunk it, and thereupon as a sure founda

tion, hee raised certaine piles or bastions, like turrets or skonces, with the sand of Puteoli. Holland. Plinie, b. xxxvi. c. 9. The fire refuses not, as well to warm the beggar as the prince; the water bears as well the carrick as the cork. Feltham, Resolve 75.

CARAVA'N, n. Į A Persian and Turkish CARAVANSARY. word. The Turks pronounce it Kervan, and it signifies a number of persons assembled to journey together. Caravansera,— from Kervan, and serai, a house; a house at which caravans sojourn, (Menage.)

Sir. What ill chance hath brought the to this place, So far from path or road of men, who pass

In troop or caravan, for single none

Durst ever, who return'd, and dropt not here
His carcass, pin'd with hunger and with drought?

Milton. Paradise Regained, b. i. Ah sir, said the Dervise, a house, that changes its inhabitants so often, and receives such perpetual succession of guests, is not a palace but a caravansary.

-The wealthy marts

Spectator, No. 289.

Of Ormus and Gombroon, whose streets are oft With caravans and tawny merchants throng'd, From neighbouring provinces and realmes afar. Dyer. The Fleece, b. iv. Obadiah, the son Abensina, left the caravansara early in the morning, and pursued his journey through the plains of Indostan.-Rambler, No. 65.

CA'RAVEL, or Fr. Caravelle; It. Cara-
CA'RVEL.
vella; Sp. Carabela. Menage
Caraba, carava,

says from Carabus, (a crab.)
caravella, caravel. See CARACK.
Hackluyt appears to have deemed it, com-
paratively, a large vessel. Delphino calls it-

A light, round, old-fashioned ship, with a square poop, rigged like a galley, formerly used in Spain and Portugal.

The next day being the 10th of May in the morning, there were come to aide the said Portugals, foure great armadas or carauals more which made seuen, of which 4, three of them were at the least 100 tunnes a piece, and another not so bigge, but all well appointed and full of men. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 63.

Isab. Who I? I thank you, I am as haste ordain'd me, a thing slubber'd, my sister is a goodly portly lady, a woman of a presence, she spreads sattens, as the king's ships do canvas every where, she may spare me her misen, and her honnets, strike her main petticoat, and yet out sail me. I ani a carre! to her.

Beaum. & Fletch. Wit without Money, Act i. sc. 1.

Lat. Carbo, carbonis, a coal.

Fr. Carbonade," a rasher on the coals; also a slash over the face, which fetcheth the flesh with it," (Cotgrave.)

To carbonado, is, to chop, cut, slice, or slash; as meat chopt or cut for cooking upon the coals.

Draw you rogue, or I'le so carbonado your flanks, draw you rascall, come your waies.-Shakes. Lear, Act ii. sc. 2. An hundred thousand Turks, it is no vaunt, Assail'd him; every one a termagaunt: But what did he, then! with his keen-edged spear, He cut and carbonaded them: here and there

Therefore he would have it his way; and our friend is to drink till he is carbuncled, and tun-bellied; after which wo

will send him down to smoke, and be burried with his an cestors in Derbyshire.-Tatler, No. 66.

༈

-From that scene
The gloomy night for ever to expel,
Imagination's wanton skill in chains
Of pearl throughout the visionary hall
Suspends carbuncles, gems of native light,
Emitting splendour, such as tales portray.

Glover. The Athenaid, b. iv. CARCAN. Fr. Carcan; Mid. Lat. CarcaCARCANET. num. Menage says from the Gr. Kiρkivos, a kind of chain.

A kind of chain, (sc.) for the neck, or a neck

Lay legs and arms.-Massinger. The Picture, Act ii. sc. 1. lace.

Has he bespoke? what, will he have a brace,
Or but one partridge, or a short-legg'd hen,
Daintyly carbonado'd.

Beaum. & Fletch. Love's Pilgrimage, Act i. sc. 1.
He was too hard for him directly, to say the troth o'nt

before Corioles, he scotcht him, and notcht him like a carbonado. Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act iv. sc. 4.

Cimb. Hunger shall force thee to cut off the brawns From thy arms and thighs; then broil them on the coals For carbonadoes.-Massinger. The Bondman, Act iii. sc. 3.

They make a general sally, and attack all that are so unfortunate as to walk the streets through which they patroll. Some are knocked down, others stabbed, others cut and carbonadoed.-Spectator, No. 324.

CARBUNCLE, n. Fr. Carbuncle; It. CarCARBUNCLED, adj. boncolo; Sp. Carboncol; Dut. Karbunchel; Lat. Curbunculus, diminutive of Carbo, carbonis, a coal; quod sit ignitus ut carbo. Carbunculus, by Pliny, is applied to a disease that singes and burns the eilets of the burgeons or buds; he also speaks of "the hote earth, called Carbunculus, which used to burn the corne sowne thereupon," (Holland.)

A Carbuncle is a name given to a certain precious stone; and also to certain burning spots or tumours on the face; to both, from their shining or glittering like burning coals. See the example from Pliny.

Forth right he straught his finger out,

Upon the whiche he had a rynge,
To seen it was a riche thyng,

A fine carbuncle for the nones

Most precious of all stones.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

So harde is that carbuncle, catching ones a core, to be by any meane well and surely cured. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 351. And the goutes, carbuncles, kankers, lepryes, and other lyke sores and sycknesses, whiche do proceed of blode corrupted, be to al men detestable. Sir T. Elyot. Gouernovr, b. ii. c. 4.

I find, on the one side that a great many think it no rarity, upon a mistaken persuasion, that not only there are store of carbuncles, of which this is one; but that all diamonds, and other glittering jewels, shine in the dark. Whereas, on the other side, there are very learned men, who (plausibly enough) deny, that there are any carbuncles or shining, stones at all.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 790.

The infectious steams presently invaded the lower part of his leg, and produced a pungent pain and blister, which turned to a pestilential carbuncle, that could scarce be cured in a fortnight after.-Id. Ib. vol. iii. p. 676.

Unto which [Geometry and Astrology] who will thinke that the gorgeous trappings and caparisons, the brooches, collars, and carkans of riches are any waies comparable. Holland. Plutarch, p. 177.

For, said they, they have the same bows, the same rich embroidered gowns, the same golden chains and carcanets of womanish persons, hanging on their cowardly bodies and faint hearts.-North. Ib. p. 280.

My wife is shrewish when I keep not howres;
Say that I lingered with you at your shop
To see the making of her carkanet,
And that tomorrow you will bring it home.

Shakespeare. Comedy of Errors, Act iii. sc. 1
About his necke a carknet! rich he ware,
Of precious stones, all set in gold well tried,
His armes that erst all warlike weapons bare,
In golden bracelets wantonly were tied.

Harrington. Orlando Furioso, b. vii. s. 46. CARCASS. Fr. Carquass; Mid. Lat. CarCA'RCASLIKE. casium. Perhaps immediately from the Fr. Carquois; It. Carcasso, a quiver, ob similitudinem cum pharetra; (sc.) with an empty quiver. (See Junius, Menage, Du Cange, and Wachter.) Applied to

A dead body; any thing decayed; in a ruinous state; the mere shell; the skeleton; as the carcass of a house.

Howe ca I, quoth he, be sure therof. May yr taking vp of a mannes bones, & setting hys carcas in a gay shrine, & then kissing his bare scalpe, make a mă a saint. Sir T. More. Works, p. 190.

He woulde haue commaunded the karkaslyke sycke man to be had away, and then haue all to washed himselfe with water-Udal. Mark, c. 2.

Thre times about the walls of Troy was Hector haled on ground

His carcas eke Archilles had for golde exchaunged round. Phaer. Virgile. Æneidos, b. i.

But, for our burning of the dead, by all means I am wonne To satisfie thy king therein, without the slenderest gaine Made of their spoyled carkasses; but freely (being slaine) They shall be all consum'd with fire.

Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. vii.

Bast. Heere's a stay,
That shakes the rotten carkasse of old death
Out of his ragges.-Shakespeare. King John, Act ii. sc. 2.

-The Red sea coast, whose waves o'erthrew
Busiris and his Memphian chivalry,
While with perfidious hatred they pursu'd
The sojourners of Goshen, who beheld

From the safe shore their floating carkases
And broken chariot wheels.-Milton. Par. Lost, b. i.

He thinks that Providence fills his purse, and his barnes, only to pamper his owne carcass, to invite him to take his ease and his fill, that is, to serve his base appetites with all the occasions of sin.-South, vol. iv. Sei. 2.

Fast by the azure necks he held

And grip'd in either hand his scaly foes; Till from their horrid carcasses expell'd At length the poisonous soul unwilling flows. West. First Nemean Ode.

CARCERAL. Lat. Carcer, a prison; a coercendo, quod exire prohibet, (Varro.) Carceres (the barriers or starting post) are so called because horses are restrained (coercentur) from going beyond them, before the signal is given. The Goth. Karker; A. S. Carcern; Dut. and Ger. Kerker; Wachter says it may be derived from the A. S. Cark, cura, care, (of which prisons are full.)

Notwithstanding through fauour they were contented, that he should be released from his carceral indurance, in case he would put in sufficient suretie in the king's chancerie, and swere that he shall neuer holde or fauour any such opinions hereafter.- Poz. Martyrs. Hen. VI. an. 1.

O Lord my hope behold, and for my helpe make haste
To pardon the forepassed race that carelese I haue past.
Vncertaine Auctors. The repentant Sinner.

Therefore it stondeth you in hande by all meanes, that that daye fynde you not sluggishly napping, nor carelessly snourting by riot and slothfulnes.-Udal. 1 Pe.er, c. 14

Therfore euyll mote she fare,

For euer she dyde the lytell boye care,

As ferforth as she dorste.

The shore at this place seem'd to form several bays, into one of which I proposed to carry the ship, which was become very foul, in order to careen her, and at the same time repair some defects, and recruit our wood and water. Cook. First Voyage, b. ii. c. 6.

The King of France used him, [the Duke of Buckingham,Į in so particular a manner, knowing his vanity, and caressed him to such a degree, that he went without reserve into the interests of France.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1671.

Nay, I have known men, grossly injured in their affairs, depart pleased, at least silent, only because they were injured in good language, ruined in caresses, and kissed

His trust was with th' Eternal to be deem'd
Equal in strength, and rather than be less

Car'd not to be at all.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii.

IIereupon I have chosen that kind of life which is most free from the troublesome cares of the world, that I might attend the service of God alone.-Camden. Eliz. an. 1559.

With as much care and little hurt, as doth a mother use, And keepe off from her babe, when sleepe doth through his powers diffuse

His golden humour; and th' assaults of rude and busie flies,

She still checks with her carefull hand.

Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. iv. My wife more carefull for the latter-borne, Had fastned him vnto a small spare mast, Such as sea-faring men prouide for stormes To him one of the other twins was hound, Whilst I had beene like heedful of the others.

Shakespeare. Comedy of Errors, Act i. sc. 1.

And I would wish you to abstayne from iudging too farre, when you see a man that hath mo liuings, vse himselfe prightly and carefully in them all, and otherwyse profitably to the whole churche.-Whitgift. Defence, p. 247.

Jehoiada then occupied the priesthood, an honourable, wise and religious man. To his carefulness it may be ascribed, that the state of the church was in some slender sort upheid in those unhappy times.

Ralegh. History of the World, b. ii. c. 20. s. 4.

All thy fellow birda do sing,
Careless of thy sorrowing,
Even so, poor bird, like thee,
None alive will pity me.

Shakespeare. Passionate Pilgrim, s. 18.

O change beyond report, thought, or belief;
See how he lies at random carelesly diffus'd,
With languish't head unpropt,

As one past hope, abandon'd.

And by himself given over.-Milton. Samson Agonistes.

Therefore, for Coriolanus neyther to care whether they Joue or hate him, manifests that true knowledge he has in their disposition, and out of his noble carelessnesse lets them plainly see it.-Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act ii. sc. 2.

I care not, fortune, what you me deny;
You cannot rob me of free nature's grace;
You cannot shut the windows of the sky,
Through which Aurora shews her brightening face.

Thomson. Castle of Indolence, c. 2.

There arose a marvellous schism and variety of factions, in the celebrating the common seruice; some followed the kin's proceedings; others admitted them, but did patchingly temned all, and would exercise their old wonted popish Inass.--Strype. Memoirs. Edw. VI. an. 1547.

use but some part of the book. But many carelessly con

I wish that might befall the French to temper a little such an overgrown greatness; but I doubt it much, from the present King's dispositions, among whose qualities those of care essness or lavishing his treasures, I am afraid, are none. Sir W. Temple. To Lord Arlington.

The priest, whose office is with zeal sincere
To watch the fountain and preserve it clear,
Carelessly nods and sleeps upon the brink
While others poison what the flock must drink.

Cowper. Expostulation. CARE/EN. Fr. Carene; It. Carena; Sp. Caréna, carena; Lat. Carina, (a currendo dicta,) the keel of a ship.

To lay a vessel with her keel upwards, for the purpose of repairing, of calking her. See CALK.

We had no worms till we came to this place; for when we careen'd at the Marias, the worm had not touch'd us; nor at Guana, for there we scrubb'd. Dampier. Voyages, vol. ii. c. 13.

"An highway, a road or street; also, a career on horseback; and, (more generally,) any exercise, or place for exercise, on horseback; as a horserace, or a place for horses to run in; and their course, running, or full speed therein."

To career, to move at full speed, swiftly; as if in display of skill or grace.

also,

As with starrs thir bodies all And wings were set with eyes, with eyes the wheels Of beril, and careering fires between. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vi. Lie. I am glad you are here; but they are all i' th' pound, sir, They never ride o'er other men's corn again, I take it, Such frisking, and such flaunting with their feathers, And such careering with their master's favours. Beaum. & Fletch. Humourous Lieutenant, Act ii. sc. 2. He stops, when he should make a full careire, He runs or trots, when he would have him rest At last to throw his rider in the tire, He plungeth with his head beneath his breast. Harrington. Orlando, b. ii. s. 7. The Count de Alanson in a great rage cries out, On, on, let us make way upon the bellies of these Genoueses, who do but hinder us: and instantly pricks on with a full career through the midst of them.-Baker. Edw. III. an. 1346.

-On with speed we fare
Prosperous; and when the sun careering prone,
Sunk to the western isles, and dewy shade
Sabled the pole, we, tilting o'er the waves
On ocean's utmost bound, approach'd the realms
Unbless'd, where the Cimmerians darkling dwell.
Fenton. Homer. Odyssey, b. xi.

All to the heart return again;
From thence resume their new career,
But still return, and centre there;
So real happiness below

Must from the heart sincerely flow.-Whitehead. Variety.

CARE/NE. Low Lat. Carena, carentena, CA'RENTANE. quasi, quarentina; a quarantine, (qv.) See in Du Cange.

A Carene, was a fast for forty days on bread and water. A Carentane or quadragene,-a Lent, or forty days of Lent; any space of forty days.

You have with much labour and some charge purchased to yourself so many quadragenes or lents of pardon: that is, you have bought off the penances of so many times forty days. It is well; but were you well advis'd? it may be your Quadragenes are not Carenes, that is, are not a quitting the severest penances of fasting so long on bread and water. Bp. Taylor. Diss. from Popery, pt. i. s. 4.

In the church of Sancta Maria de Popolo there are for every day in the year 2800 years of pardon, besides 14,014 Carentanes, which in one year amount to more than 1,000,000.-Id. Ib. s. 3.

CARE'SS, v. Į Fr. Caresser; It. Carezzare; CARE'ss, n. Sp. Acariciar. Not from Kappeew, to soothe, nor from Xagiereas, but from the Lat. Carus; q. d. Caritia, carities, i. e. Caritas, And and thence Caritiare, caresser, (Skinner.) Menage says, de carisciare, formed from carus. Carus, cari, cariscus, cariscius, carisciare.

To touch, to treat with gentleness or fondness, to fondle; to treat endearingly, soothingly, flatteringly.

His business [was] about setling a peace with Tangier ; much respected he was here, carress'd at court, and at both the Universities; and he seemed to express no less esteem for our nation.-Baker. Charles II. an. 1683.

He, she knew, would intermix Grateful digressions, and solve high dispute With conjugal caresses; from his lip

Not words alone pleas'd her.-Millon. Par. Lost, b. viii. Do not instantly upon your return from church, return also to the world, and secular thoughts and employments; but let the remaining part of that day be like a post-communion or an after-office, entertaining your blessed lord with all the caresses and sweetness of love and colloquies, and intercourses of duty and affection. Bp. Taylor. Holy Living, s. 10. No. 14.

South, vol. viii. Ser. 7.

Thus must he steer through Fame's uncertain seas,
Now struck by censure, and now puff'd by praise;
Contempt with envy strangely mix'd endure,
Fear'd where caress'd, and jealous, though secure.

W. Winitehead. Danger of writing Verse.

CARGO. ? Fr. Cargaison; Sp. Cargaship; Fr. Carguer, charger; It. Caricare, to lade CARGASON, n.çon; the freight or lading of a or load. All (says Skinner) from the Lat. Carrus. (See CAR.) And Menage, Charger, from Carricare, formed from Carricus, the diminutive of Carrus. Sir Thomas North writes Cargued.

The load carried, the goods or wares carried, or conveyed.

The brokers came to the water side, and these merchants as soone as they are come on land, do giue the cargason of all their goods to that broker, that they will haue to do their business for them, with the marks of all the fardles and packs they haue.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 217. Which did not hurt the Grecian galleys, being made low and snug, but greatly offended the Persian galleys, being high cargued, heavy, and not yare of steredge. North. Plutarch, p. 105.

So in the mild contentions of the muse,
(The war which peace itself loves and pursues,)
So have you home to us in triumph brought
This cargazon of Spain with treasures fraught.

Cowley The Adventures of Five Hours.
This gentleman was then a young adventurer in the re-
public of letters, and just fitted out for the University with
a good cargo of Latin and Greek.-Spectator, No. 494.
To diff'rent lands for diff'rent sins we roam,
And, richly freighted, bring our cargo home,
Nobly industrious to make vice appear
In her full state, and perfect only here.

These words are in common use. To charge, to overcharge; to load, to overload; and thus, to colour too highly, to exaggerate, to distort.

From all these hands we have such draughts of mankind as are represented in those burlesque pictures, which the Italians call caracaturas; where the art consists in preserving, amidst distorted proportions and aggravated features, some distinguishing likeness of the person, but in such a manner as to transform the most agreeable beauty into the most odious monster.-Spectator, No. 537.

The painter exhibited a caricatura of the writer. (Wilkes) Churchili then wrote his epistle to Hogarth.-In revenge for this epistle, Hogarth caricatured Churchill under the form of a canonical bear, with a club, and a pot of beer.

Walpole. Anecdotes, vol. iv. c. 4.

CARK, v. A. S. Carc, caru, care; car-ian, CARK, n. car-ic-an, carcan, be-carcan, acCA'RKING. take care of. Cearig, is full of care and fear; curare, to carke, or care for, to and also moaning, grieving, complaining, lamenting. (See Somner.) Cark is applied toAnxious care, anxiety, solicitude, trouble. Shal nothr kyng ne knygt. constable ne meyre. Over cark the comune.-Piers Plouhman. Vision, p. 62. In house, for wife and child, there is but cark and care, With trauel and with toyl ynough in fields we use to fare. Vncertaine Auctors. Man's Life.

If thou dost meane to haue vs pen
sum clerklie worke in deede,
Worthie Sir Phebe, and to put oute
our bookes with better spede,
Cutte of the carke that nippes our harte.

Drant. Horace. Ep. b. ii. To Augustus. Ryght semblablye, this carkynge kynde of men doe neuer eye The route, that they haue ouerrun in goodes, but haste and hye To retche the resydue.

Id. Ib. Sat. 1.

Moreover, that during all the time of his empire, he neither tooke up any man to sit with him in his carroch, nor admitted any private person to be his companion in the honourable estate of consull, as princes have been wont to do.-Holland. Ammianus, p. 63.

Car. She, I assure you, madam,
Knows nothing but her will; must be allow'd
Her footmen, her caroch, her ushers, pages,

Her doctor, chaplains.-Massinger. Renegado, Act i. sc. 2. Spun. Old honour goes on crutches, beggary rides caroched.-Id. The Virgin Martyr, Act iii. sc. 3.

All this, quoth Ralph, I did, 'tis true, Not to preserve myself, but you: You, who were damn'd to baser drubs Than wretches feel in powdering-tubs; To mount two wheel'd caroches, worse, Than managing a wooden horse.-IIudibras, pt. iii. c. 2. CAROL, v. Fr. Carolle; It. Carola. MeCA'ROL, n. nage says, Choreola, a diminuCAROLING, n. tive of Chorea. Somner produces the word Kyrriole, and thinks it probable that such a word may have been corrupted from Kupie eλentov, (Lord, have mercy,) so frequently repeated in morning prayers. And hence he conjectures our carol to be a hymn, (sc.) usually sung on the Nativity. In Fr. Carolle is the name of a kind of dance, and so it is used in Robert of Gloucester. See the quotation from Warton. Aftur mete, as rygt was, the menstrales geode aboute, And knygtes and sweynes in carole gret route.

R. Gloucester, p. 53.

What ladies fayrest ben or best dancing,
Or which of hem can carole best or sing,
Ne who most felingly speketh of loue;
Of all this now I make no mentioun.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2205.

And if so befalle amonge,
That she carole vpon a songe,

Whan I it here, I am so fedde,
That I am fro myselfe so ledde,

As though I were in Paradice.-Gower. Con. A. b. vi.

There was great myrth on all side,
Where as she passeth by the streate,
There was ful many a tymbre beate,
And many a maide carolende.
And eke he can carolles make,
Roundel, balade, and verelaie.

Ne nightingale in the seson of May Was never non, that list better to sing Ne lady lustier in carolling.

Id. Ib.

Id. Ib. b. i.

Chaucer. The Chanonnes Yemannes Tale, v. 16,813. The same season the princesse, mother to kyng Richarde, lay at Wynsore, and her doughter with her, my lady Maude, the fayrest lady in all Engläde: therle of saynt Poule, and this yong lady, were in true amours togyder eche of other, and somtyme they met togyder at daunsynge and carollyng. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, c. 394.

There, on a day, as he persew'd the chace,
He chanc't to spy a sort of shepherd groomes,
Playing on pipes, and caroling apace,
The whiles their beastes there in the budded broomes
Beside them fed. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 9.
Nor under every bank and every tree,
Speak rhymes unto my oaten minstralsie;
Nor carol out so pleasing lively laies
As mought the Graces move my mirth to praise.
Bp. Hall. Satires, b. i. Sat. 1.
They heare such notes, and heauenly carolings
Of God's high praise, that fills the brasen sky,
And feel such ioye and pleasure inwardly
That maketh them all worldly cares forget,
And onely thinke on that before them set.

Spenser. Humne of Heauenlie Beautie.

Why do the Delian palms incline their boughs,
Self-mov'd? and hovering swans, their throats releas'd
From native silence, carol sounds harmonious.
Prior. Second Hymn to Callimachus.

Rise, sons of harmony, and hail the morn,
While warbling larks on russet pinions float;
Or scek at noon the woodland scene remote,
Where the gray linnets carol from the hill.

Beattie. The Minstrel, b. i.

In the year 1521 Wynkyn de Worde printed a set of Christmas carols; these were testal chansons for enlivening the merriment of the Christmas celebrity; and not such religious songs as are current at this day with the common people under the same title, and which were substituted by those enemies of innocent and useful mirth, the Puritans. Warton. English Poetry, vol. iii. s. 26.

CARO USE, v. CARO USE, n. CARO USER.

CAROUSAL.

Fr. Carousser; Sp. Carau, from the Ger. Gar ausz, empty it entirely, (prorsus deple vel exhauri,)

in a word, all out, (Skinner.) Lye thinks it may be from Reuse, or ruse; and Ruse, Junius derives from the Dut. Ruyschen, strepere, perstrepere, sonore tumultuari, to make a roaring noise, an uproar. Menage is to the same purport as Skinner ;— Ger. Garauss, which signifies toute vuide.

Mr. Gifford-without any authority-asserts, that rouse was a large glass, ("not past a pint," as lago says,) in which a health was given, the drinking of which by the rest of the company formed a carouse. There could be no rouse or carouse unless the glass was empty. A rouse or two, in the language of the present day, would be a bumper or two." (See Gifford's Massinger, vol. i. p. 239, Note.) To carouse is

he supposes the word to have been introduced from the Lat. Carpere, to cull, by the monkish writers. For carping, the Scotch also use catchy.

To Conscience he tolde

And Conscience to the kyng. carped it after.

Piers Plouhman, p. 34 By clothynge ne by carpinge. knowe shall thou hym nevere. Id. p. 282

In felawship wel coude she laughe and carpe
Of remedies of love she knew perchance,
For of that arte she coude the olde dance.

Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 476.

And whom it liketh for to carp
Prouerbes and demaunds slie,
An other suche thei neuer sie,
Whiche that science so well taught.

Gower. Con. A. b. viii. The one of these he carped, as a man of no witte and uerie meane learninge: the other for his verbositie and negligence in penning his history.-Holland.Suetonius, p.139. Then for his phrase he carpeth at it in infinite places,

As Britons, that so long Have held this antique song,

When lately Pym descended into hell, Ere he the cups of Lethe did carouse, What place that was, he called loud to tell; To whom a Devil-" This is the lower house." Drummond, Epig. 8. And that monarch, whom even a siege could not reduce below a condition of feasting, though he were carouzing in the consecrated cups, had such a brimmer of trembling put into his hand, as both presaged, and, perchance, began, the destiny approaching him under the ensigns of the noble Cyrus.-Boyle. Occasional Reflections, s. 5. ref. 3.

As if he [Benhadad] had drawn together such a numerous and mighty army, headed by so many princes, only for the glorious and warlike expedition of carousing in their tents, or to fight it out hand to hand, in the cruel and bloody encounters of drinking healths.-South, vol. vi. Ser. 10.

The bold carouser and advent'rous dame,
Nor fear the fever nor refuse the flame;
Safe in his skill, from all restraints set free,
But conscious shame, remorse or piety.

Lansdowne. To Dr. Garth in his Sickness.

But I have probable reasons, which induce me to believe, that some Italians having curiously observ'd the gallantries of the Spanish Moors at their Zambras or Royal feasts, where musick, songs, and dancing, were in perfection, together with their machines, which are usual at their Sortias, or running at the ring, and other solemnities, may possibly have refin'd upon these Moresque divertisements, and produe'd this delightful entertainment, by leaving out the warlike part of the carousels, and forming a poetical design for the use of the machines, the songs, and dances. Dryden. Albian & Albanius, Pref. This game, these carousels Ascanius taught, And, building Alba, to the Latins brought. Id. Virgil. Eneid, b. v. The sun was set-they had done their work; the nymphs had tied up their hair afresh,-and the swains were preparing for a carousal;-my mule made a dead point. Sterne. Tristram Shandy, vol. vii. c. 43.

CARP, v. CA'RPER, n. CARPING, adj. CARPING, n.

Fr. Charpir; It. Carpire; Lat. Carpere, to shear, to crop, to carve, (perhaps from the A. S. Cearf-ian, to carve,) to tear to pieces; and thus

CARPINGLY. To pull or pluck out, to catch at, (sc. met.) small faults or errors; to find fault, to detect or expose faults, to cavil. In our old writers;-to hold up to ridicule, to jest, to scoff at.

And it appears also to have been used as Dr. Jamieson interprets it; 1. to speak, to talk, to relate verbally or in writing; 2. to sing. And

And let all our carpers Forbear their fame to wrong, Th'are right skilful harpers.

Drayton. To Himself and the Harp

Shakespeare. Timon of Athens, Act iv. sc. 3. The answere is fit for so friuolous an obiection; and a little true reason voyde of malicious carping, would haue taught you that this is rather a ciuill manner and custom to our country, than a ceremonie of the church.

Whitgift. Defence, p. 537. But it is always thus with pedants, they will ever be carping, if a gentleman or man of honour puts a pen to paper. Tatler, No. 17.

Lay aside, therefore, a carping spirit, and read even an adversary with attention and diligence, with an honest design to find out his true meaning; do not snatch at little lapses and appearances of mistake, in opposition to his declared and avowed meaning. Watts. Improvement of the Mind, pt. i. c. 8. CARPENTER, n. Low. Lat. CarpentaCARPENTRY, n. rius; Fr. Charpentier ; It. Carpentero; Sp. Carpintero. Menage thinks from Carpentum; Vossius, quod ligna carpit, i. e. cædit, because he cuts wood. We must by no means omit, observes Junius, that Hesychius, Kuprev exp. #ANTтei, ferire, to strike. And Tooke remarks, that "the translation of the New Testament, which is ascribed to Wicliffe, (he alludes probably to his own MS.) proves to us that at that time, smith, (sc. one who smiteth,) and carpenter were synonymous."

A wright, or worker in wood.

And tho Sir Maci was inome, & hii withinne come, An carpenter, that hii sede that sset the ssute, hii nome, And ladde him vpe the tour an hee, & made him huppe to grounde. [shot the shot.-R. Gloucester, p. 537. What is the wisdom that is goven to him, and siche vertues which ben maad by his hondes, wher this is not a carpenter, [a smith, ether, a carpentere, as quoted by Tooke.] the sone of Marye.-Wiclif. Mark, c. 6.

What wisdome is this that is giuen vnto him: and such virtues that are wrought by his handes. Is not this ye carpenter Maries sonne.-Bible, 1551. 18.

Whereas the tenth day I sent our pinnesse on shoare to be mended because she was leaky and weake, with the carpenter and three more to help him, the weather chanced so, that it was Sunday before they could get aboord our ship. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 276.

A firm house, though the carpenter
Perish, shall stand.

Donne. To Mr. J. W.
O! to make boards to speak there is a task!
Painting and carpentry are the soul of masque.

B. Jonson. An Expostulation with Inigo Jones. CARPET, n. Dut. Karpet; It. Carpetta; "Fr. Cairin, a Turkie carpet; such a one as is brought from Caire in Egypt," (Cotgrave.) Skinner suggests that the Italian Carpetta may be from Cairo, and tapets, (q. d.) tapes Cairicus seu Memphiticus.

Carpets were formerly used as covers for tables. See the examples from B. Jonson, and Mr. Gifford's notes upon them. Now applied toA covering for the floor.