A carpet knight,-one that ever loves to be in women's chambers, (Cotgrave.) Others say, that they were men learned in arts and sciences, on whom knighthood was bestowed. If before you returne you could procure a singular good workeman in the arte of Turkish carpet making, you should bringe the arte into this realme, and also thereby increase worke to your company.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 423. With whom was Ihon Duke of Burbon, and the Cardinall his brother, a prelate, more mete for a ladyes carpet, then for an ecclesiasticall pulpet.-Hall. Edward IV. p. 234. There's a carpet i'th' next room, put it on, with this On twigs of hawthorn he regal'd, CA'RRY, v. CA'RRIAGE, n. CA'RRIER. CA'RRYING, n. carriare, charier. see CAR. Couper. Epitaph on a Hare. Fr. Charier; Sp. Acarrear; Ger. Karren; A. S. Cyran, to turn. Menage derives the Fr. thus, Carrus, carri, carricare, For the etymology of Carrus, To convey (sc.) on a turning, a wheeled vehicle; scarfe over thy face, and a cushion o'thy head, and be ready generally, to convey, to bear, to remove from when I call.-B. Jonson. The Silent Woman, Acti. sc. 5. Reg. What, are those desks fit now? set forth the table, The carpet and the chayre: where are the news That were examin'd last? No carpet knight Id. The Staple of News, Act i. sc. 4. That spent his youth in groves, or pleasant bowers; Sung to his lute such soft and melting notes As Ovid, nor Anacreon ever knew, Could work on them, nor once bewitch their sense. But then refreshed with thy fairy court I look on Cynthia, and Sirenas sport, As on two flow'ry carpets that did rise, B. Jonson. Verses to Drayton. Uber. I rejoice Massinger. The Bashful Lover, Acti. sc. 1. And ther, as ys vncle ded lay, ys foule caroyne he brogte, And rygt ther by pece mele hakked yt al to nogte. R. Gloucester, p. 216. As curres from caroyne, that is cast in diches. Piers Plouhman. Crede, p. 24. Thilke manere of folk ben the flies that folowen the hony, or elles the houndes that folowen the caraine. Chaucer. The Persones Tale. The lyfe and beautie of all good dedes is of God, and we are but the caren leane, we are onelye the instrument whereby God worketh onely but the power is his. Bible, 1551. Prol. to Leviticus. But we fare as doothe rauens and the carein crowes yt neuer medle with any quicke flesh. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 225. Their proud eyes do not see The radiance of my helinet there, whose beames had instantly Thrust backe, and all these ditches fild, with carrion of their flesh, If Agamemnon had been kinder. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xvi. And therewithall the sight did faile my dazeling eyne, Harrington. Orlando, b. viii. s. 42. Of the duties of which persons [formalists] I may say this, that if filth could be defiled, their prayers would defile their fastings, and their fastings their prayers: so that the joining of one to the other, would be nothing else, than the offering up of carrion with the fumes and incense of a dunghill.-South, vol. ix. Ser. 5. CA'RROT, n. Fr. Carote; It. Carota; Dut. Karote. Of unknown etymology. Their savoury parsnip next and carrot, pleasing food. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 20. Like a bunch of ragged carrots stand The short swoln fingers of thy mistress' hand. Donne, Elegy 8. one place to another by any means of conveyance or support; as distinguished from-to draw or drag; also simply, to support or sustain. To bear, to deport, to conduct, to behave. To carry in or to, is, to import; to carry out, to export; to carry over or across, to transport. To carry, is frequently used with an ellipsis, as to carry (sub. into effect) is to effect, to accomplish. To carry a suit (sub. to a successful issue) is to gain, to win it. To carry a fort, is-to gain, to conquer it. Carriage of the body or person,-deportment, manner of appearance in motion or rest: conduct, behaviour, management. She lette no morsel from hire lippes falle, Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 130. Here may ye seen, min owne dere brother, The cherl spake o thing, but he thought another. Let us go forth abouten our viage; Here win I nothing upon this cariage. Id. The Freres Tale, v. 7152. Loe here bee the barelles of harneys that this traitours had priuelie conuayed in theyr carryage to destroy the noble lordes with all.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 44. Whensoeuer the said English merchants or any of their factours, shal be desirous to hire carriers to carry their wares to any place of our dominions or cities, it shall be at their choyse and pleasure to hire them the best way they can-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 506. Sir Fraunces Arragonoys hearyng of that chaunce, apparreled sixe strong men, lyke rusticall people with sackes and baskettes, as carriers of corne and vitaile, and sent theim to the castle of Cornyll.-Hall. Hen. VI. an. 19. Those men are happy And so are all, are neere her. I take it, she that carries vp the traine, Is that old noble lady, Dutchesse of Norfolke. Id. Henry VIII. Act v. sc. 2. Thus oxen, mules, in chariots strait they put, Went forth, and an unmeasur'd pile of sylvane inatter cut, Nine daies emploide in cariage. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xxiv. His looks imperious, forc'd, yet milde, allur'd The proud to bow, the humble to be bold: What fit, reforming, marking every place; His gallant carriage all the rest did grace. Stirling. Jonathan. The very carrier that comes from him to her is a most welcome guest, and if he bring a letter, she will read it twenty times over.-Burton. Anat. of Melancholy, p. 524. Some carry-tale, some placeman, some slight zanie. Shakespeare. Love's Labour Lost, Act v. sc. 2. If these should not succeed, then he trusted to the frosts of the following winter, which seldom fail in that country to make all passable and safe for troops and carriages themselves, that in summer would be impassable, either from the waters or depth of soil.-Sir W. Temple. Memoirs, c. 1. I am of Mr. Cowley's opinion, that so much of dancing at least as belongs to the behaviour and an handsome carriage of the body, is extremely useful, if not absolutely necessary. Spectator, No. 67. And is this all? Is this the end To which these carryings-on did tend.-Hudibras, c. 2. This being formed, he contrives such a design, or fable, as may be most suitable to the moral; after this he begins to think of the persons, whom he is to employ in carrying on his design; and gives them the manners which are most proper to their several characters. Dryden. Parallel of Poetry and Painting. The Spaniards, though long accustomed to an arbitrary government, resented this proclamation with great spirit, as an infringement of the common rights of mankind, and made a vigorous struggle against its being carried into exe. cution.-Cook. Voyage, vol. i. b. ii. c. 2. I then affirm that, if in time of war our trade had the good fortune to increase, and at the same time a large, nay the largest proportion of carriage had been engrossed by neutral nations, it ought not in itself to have been considered as a circumstance of distress.-Burke. Late State of the Nation. It is from their attachment to their native place, and particularly where they have brought up their young, that these birds [pigeons] are employed in several countries as the most expeditious carriers.-Goldsmith. Animated Nature, b.iv.c.8. CART, v. CART, n. CA'RTAGE. CA'RTER. CA'RTFUL. CARTWRIGHT. Lat. Carrus, from the A. S. Cyran; to turn or return. Tale, Chaucer, (Knight's quoted hereafter,) and G. Douglas, use cart and carter, as chariot and charioteer. A turning or wheeled vehicle, generally, employed for use in agriculture, or in matters o business, rather than of pleasure. For ge ben men beter y tagt to schouele and to spade, Oure cart shal he drawe Behold my blody woundes, depe and wide, And at the west gate of the toun (quod he) In which my body is hid priuily. Do thilke carte arresten boldely. Chaucer. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 1524, Awake and with the dawning day arise: Dryden. The Cock and the Foz. Nought was foryete by th' infortune of Marte My lord, quod he, whar that the weder is faire, Id. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7837. He shuld beare a sicker eie, In the meane season by ye diligent labour of ye Lord Barnes, ye pece of ordinaunce was raysed & carted, and furthe was it caried, by this time the French army apered in sight.-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 5. Woe be vnto vayne persones, yt drawe wyckednes vnro the, as it were wt a coorde: and synne, as it were with a carl-rope.-Bible, 1551. Esay, c. 5. If either of you both loue Katherina, But lest I set the horse behind the cart. I mind to tell each thing in order so As thou maist see and shew whence sprang my woe. News is brought to the Regent, that the French by stratagem of a carter, that with a load of hay coming over the drawbridge, caused the axletree to break, and whilst the porter was ready to help the carter, the porter's braines were beaten out. the town of Ardes surprized, and the Lord Fawconbridge Captain thereof taken prisoner. Baker. Hen. VI. an. 1448 A sentence well couch'd, takes both the sence and the understanding. I love not those cart-rope speeches, that are longer then the memory of man can fathom. Feltham, pt. i. Resolve 20. After these locall names, the most names in number haue been deriued from occupations, or professions, as wright, cartwright, shipwright, &c.-Camden. Remains. Surnames. Another priest, called Sir Thomes Snowdel, whom they nick-named Parson Chicken, was carted through Cheapside for assoiling an old acquaintance of his in a ditch in Finsbury Field, and was at that riding saluted with chamberpots and rotten eggs.-Strype. Memoirs. Q. Mary, an. 1553. For though the motion of the cart-wheel is so obvious, and seems so plain a thing, that the carman himself never looks upon it with wonder; yet after Aristotle had taken notice of the difficulty, that occurred about it, this trivial phænomenon has perplexed divers great wits, not only schoolmen, but mathematicians; and continues yet to do so. Boyle. Works, vol. iv. p. 413. Milliners, summon'd from afar, Churchill. The Ghost, b. iv. CARTEL, v. Į Fr. Cartel, charta, chartella, CARTEL, n. Schartellum, (Menage.) It. Cartello. "A little paper of defiance or challenge for a single combat," (Cotgrave.) Applied toAny paper-expressing the terms or conditions upon which any thing is done. To chartel, in Jonson, is, elliptically, to challenge. Bob. By the foot of Pharoah, and 'twere my case now I should send him a chartel presently. The bastinado! A most proper and sufficient dependance, warrented by the great Caranza. Come hither. You shall chartel him. B. Jonson. Every Man in his Humour, Act i. sc. 5. He sware by Saint George they were valiant verses; and commanded them to be shot vpon an arrow into the cittie, as a cartell of challenge.-Camden. Remains. Rythmes. Though by a cartel that had been settled between the two armies, all prisoners were to be redeemed at a set price, and within a limited time: yet the French, having now so many men in their hands, did, without either colour or shame, give a new essay of their perfidiousness: for they broke it upon this occasion, as they had often done at sea. Burnet. Own Time, an. 1659. A gristle or tendril of the car or nose, or such a skin as is between the toes of geese or ducks, &c. (Cotgrave.) In a pigeon, which hath a soft and low note, 'tis [i. e. the wind-pipe] partly cartilaginous, and partly membranous, viz. where the rings meet. In an owle, which hath a good andible note, 'tis more cartilaginous. But that of a jayes, hath hard bones, instead of cartilages: and so of a linnet. Grew. Cosm. Sacra, b. i. c. 5. The cartilagineous kind-which by what artifice they poize themselves, ascend and descend at pleasure, and continue in what depth of water they list, is yet unknown to us. Ray. On the Creation, pt. i. Though I have declared in the beginning of this work, that the means whereby cartilaginous fishes raise and sink themselves in the water, and rest and abide in what depth they please, is not yet certainly known; yet I shall propound a conjecture concerning it.-Id. Ib. pt. ii. These eye-lids are of excellent use to the eye, serving both for curtains to keep out the light, when it is not desired; which the cartilages that strengthen their edges, and help them to shut very close, enable them the better to do, and to fence the eye from dust, and cold, and smoke, and other outward injuries.-Boyle. Works, vol. vi. p. 735. Talicotius grafted a new one on the remaining part of the grisle or cartilaginous substance, which would sneeze, smell, take snuff, pronounce the letters M or N, in short, do all the functions of a natural nose.-Taller, No. 260. CARTOON. Fr. Carton; It. Cartone; from the Lat. Charta, paper. The thick paper, (says Cotgrave,) whereon painters draw sometimes. Applied emphatically to the famous Cartoons of Raphael. There needs no other proof of this truth, than the testimony of every reasonable creature, who has seen the cartons in Her Majesty's Gallery at Hampton-Court: these are representations of no less actions than those of our blessed Baviour and his Apostles.-Spectator, No. 226. A charge made ready for any musket or ordinance, (Florio.) A full charge (says Cotgrave,) for a pistol (musket, &c.) put up within a little paper, to be the readier for use. See BORE, for an example from Dryden. In them she [the bee] builds or forms her cylindrical nests or cases, resembling cartrages, or a very narrow thimble, only in proportion longer, of pieces of rose or other leaves. Ray. On the Creation, pt. i. In this roll of Winchester, so most of all called, because it was made after the example of the other, were taxed and set downe, the earledoms, hundreds, tythings, woods, parks, and all farms, in euery territory, or precinct, how many carucates of lande, how many plough-lands, &c. Slow. William the Conquerour, an. 1080. Geffrey, Archbishop of York, would not permit the Sheriffe to leuie the dutie called charugage, that was, three shilings of euerie plough-land within his diocesse. Holinshed. Chronicle. K. John, an. 1200. The pileres weren ypaint, Tho was he corven out of his harneis, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2698. For in the lond ther n'as no craftes man, As well may the moste rude ymage and moste symply wrought, put vs in minde of Christ, & our lady, and any other saint, as may the most costelye and moste curyous that anye payntour or caruer can deuise. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 116. I us'de thee so, thou lovdst none else; nor any where woldst eate Till I had crownd my knee with thee, and carued thee tendrest meate.-Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. ix. Or list us make two striving shepherds sing, Pol. Oh, not by much. The inward spiritual or mystical sense is the gold more precious and more beautiful, that glisters through those cuttings and artificial carvings in the letter. Henry More. Defence of Cabbala, Introd. I asked a gentleman the other day that is famous for a good carver (at which acquisition he is out of countenance, imagining it may detract from some of his more essential qualifications) to help me to something that was near him; out he excused himself, and blushing told me, of all things he cou'd never carre in his life; tho' it can be proved upon him, that he cuts up, disjoints, and uncases, with incomparable dexterity.--Spectator, No. 475. Instead of fretting and complaining, that things succeeded otherwise than he expected, he resolves with himself, that that condition, whatever it be, in which he actually is, is indeed best for him, and that which he himself, were he to be the carver of his fortunes, supposing him but truly to understand his own concernments, would chuse for himself above all others.-Sharp, vol. i. Ser. 1. Each day a sister-lamb is serv'd, Moore, Fable 6 -Smooth linden best abeys The carver's chissel; best his curious work Displays in all its nicest touches. Dodsley. Agriculture, c. 2. CARVE. Fr. Carue. See CARUCATE. He gave also to Saint Cedda (made by consent of him and King Oswy, Bishop of Lindisfarne) fifty hides of land (a hide, a plough-land, or a carte, I hold clearly equivalent) towards foundation of a monastery. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 11. Illustrations, CASCA'DE, n. Fr. Cascade, It. Cascata, from the Lat. Cadere, casum, to fall. A fall (sc.) of water; a waterfall. Those only, who have endured a long series of thirst, and who can readily recal the desire and agitation which the ideas alone of springs and brooks have at that time rased in them, can judge of the emotion with which we eyed a large cascade of the most transparent water, which poured itself from a rock near a hundred feet high into the sea, at a small distance from the ship.-Anson. Voyage, b. ii. c. 1. And streams, as if created for his use, CASE, v. Couper. Task, b. iii. Fr. Caisse; It. Cassa; Sp. Caxa; Dut. Kasse, kast, Lat. Capsa; a capi endo, says Vossius; yet he prefers the Gr. Kauya, which in Lennep's opinion is pro Καψα, from Kaψω, the future of Kάπτειν cavitate, complecte, capere, to take, to hold. (See CAPSULE.) That which takes, receives, holds, or contains, whether arrows, (as in Chaucer and G. Douglas, Virgil, b. i.) knives, books, watches, or any thing else. And thus, the skin. To caseharden, to harden the case, the outside, the skin, the surface. To case is used, in Shakespeare, for-to uncase, to strip off the case:-"We'll make you some sport with the fox, ere we case him."-All's Well that Ends Well, Act iii. sc. 6. And with that word, the armes in the cas, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2360. Shakespeare. Rich. II. Act i. sc. 3. Nine great pieces of ordnance, mounted near the west gate thundered forth a continuall storm, not of single bullets, but of chain-shot and case-shot. Camden. Elizabeth, an. 1661 For generally, as with rich furred conies, their cases are farre better than their bodies, and like the bark of a cinnamon tree, which is dearer than the whole bulk, their outward accoutrements are far more pretious than their inward endowments.-Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 474. Adding, that in several places the Portuguese kept their great guns cased over, that the dew might not fall upon them, and by its corrosiveness to rust them, as to be apt, after a while, to break in the discharge. Boyle. Workes, vol. v. p. 634. But if an hundred watches were to be made by an hundred men, the cases may be assigned to one, the dials to another, the wheels to another, the springs to another. Spectator, No. 232. Adieu, old fellow, and let me give thee this advice at parting: e'en get thyself case-harden'd; for though the very best steel may snap, yet old iron, you know, will rust. Guardian, No. 95. The poet, being resolved to save his heroine's honour, has so ordered it, that the king always acts with a great caseknife stuck in his girdle, which the lady snatches from him in the struggle, and so defends herself. Addison. On Italy Venice. Like a dart, Lanch'd from the sinews of a Parthian's arm, The outward casings (of the cathedral of Cadiz] are to be of white marble, the bars of the windows of bronze. Swinburne. Spain, Let. 28. CASE, R. CA'SUAL, adj. CA'SUALLY. Lat. Cadere, casum, to fall; Fr. Cas; It. and Sp. Caso. As it fell out, as it turned CA'SUALTY. out, as it happened, as it came to pass, are equivalent expressions. The state or condition, in which any thing may befal or happen to be; the state or condition of circumstances, actual or possible. Casual, i. e. accidental or incidental; unconnected with, independent of, plan, purpose, or design; not foreseen, premeditated or predetermined. The tything to Rome com that he yslawe was, Chaucer. Troilus, b. i. Thinke eke thyselfe to sauen art thou hold; But or that he had half his cours ysailed, No I not why, ne what mischance it ailed, But casuelly the shippes bottom rente. CA'SEMENT. From the It. Casamenta, a building, a small house, with a slight deviation from the meaning, (Skinner.) Junius says, it is also used for the Dut. Kassüne, jugamentum fenestræ vel ostii; Fr. Chassis de fenestre, a case or frame for a window; and Menage derives chassis from capsa. And thus we are brought round to the English case, itself from capsa. See CASE. And when you hear the drum Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act ii. sc. 5. Beaum. & Fletch. Queen of Corinth, Act iii. sc. 2. For by these casements enter in adulterous thoughts in the mind as they did in David's; and likewise impure thoughts conceived in the heart may discover themselves by the motions of the eye.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. ii. Yet when the new light which we beg for, shines in upon us, there be who envy and oppose, if it come not first in at their casements.-Milton. Of Unlicens'd Printing. CASEOUS. Lat. Caseus, a cheese; cheesy. Dec. 24. This evening I perceived that the caseous part was severed from the butyrous, in the closed receivers as well as in the milk, which, at the same time, I had left Id. Ib. b. iv. exposed to the air.-Boyle. Works, vol. iv. p. 587. Id. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 1607. But O most miserable case, that when the lighte of God doth shine vnto vs in these daies so bright as it did neuer shine in the remembrance of men, yet so litle zeale, fauor, and loue, should be founde. Caluine. Foure Godlye Sermons, Ser. 2. CASH, v. CASH, n. CASHIER, n. } Fr. Casse, caisse; It. Cassa. Hence Fr. Caissier, quaissier; It. Cassiere, with us cashier; (q. d.) capsarius; i. e. qui capsam custodit; all from the Lat. Capsa. (Skinner and Menage.) See CASE. Fr. Casse, Cotgrave says, is "a box, case, or I put case the sea had promised the to be alway in suertie chest; also a merchant's cash or counter." And Sherwood explains cashier, "Qui garde la casse de l'argent d'un merchand." And see the example from Sir William Temple. of hir, and the skie cleere wether, the sommer snowes, and the wynter flowers.-Golden Boke, Let. 3. Not for that I meane Such a casualty should be seene Or suche chaunce should fal Unto our cardinal.-Skelton. Why come ye not to Court. Also age runneth on a pace which may euery day worse than other suffer displeasure, and is more feeble to sustaine the casualties chauncing. Vives. Instruction to Christian Women, b. ii. c. 12. The law of God, and after it our own laws, and in effect the law of all nations, have made difference between slaughter casual and furious.-Ralegh. Hist. of the World, b. ii. c. 4. The cause why the children of Israel tooke vnto one man many wiues, might be, least the casualties of warre should in any way hinder the promise of God concerning their multitude from taking effect in them. Hooker. Ecclesiastical Politie, Pref. But like the martlet Builds in the weather on the outward wall, Euen in the force and rode of casuallie. Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act ii. sc. 9. Wilmot, about the time of his escape, had by force taken Muckron, his principall seat, as it was casually on fire. Camden. Elizabeth, an. 1601. He that is versed in making reflections upon what occurs to him; he that, (consequently,) has the works of nature, and the actions of men, and almost every casualty that falls under his notice, to set his thoughts on work, shall scarce want themes to employ them on.-Boyle. Occas.Ref. s. i. c.2. Had Dinocrates really carved Mount Athos into a statue of Alexander the Great, and had the memory of the fact been obliterated by some accident: who could afterwards have proved it impossible, but that it might casually have been formed so.-Bentley, Ser. 5. Yet on his way, (no sign of grace For folks in fear are apt to pray,) To Phoebus he preferr'd his case And beg'd his aid that dreadful day. Gray. A Long Story. CA'SEMATE. Fr. Casemate; Sp. Casamata; It. Casamatta, of uncertain etymology. See Menage. Cotgrave calls it, a loop, or loophole in a fortified wall. And Skinner is to the same purport. Secure your casemates, Here Master Picklocke, sir, your man o' law, VOL I Cash is now transferred by usage from the case, which holds the silver or gold, to the silver or gold itself. Go take other men, though they be able to count and cast up these riches, yet they are but as cash-keepers for merchants that tell over other mens moneys; but for the heir, the possessor himself, for him to tell over all this, is all the while to study his own riches, and so his heart is comforted according to the value that is in them. Goodwin. Works, vol. v. p. 38. So as this bank is properly a general cash, where every man lodges his mony, because he esteems it safer, and easier paid in and out, than if it were in his coffers at home. Sir W. Temple. On the United Provinces, c. 2. At the new Exchange they are eloquent for want of cash, but in the city they ought with cash to supply their want of eloquence.-Spectator, No. 156. I say this in answer to what Sir Roger is pleased to say, that little that is truly noble can be expected from one who is ever pouring on his cash-book or balancing his accompts. CASH, or CASHIER, V. CA'SSATE. Id. No. 174. From the Lat. Cassus; (from Careo is caritum, whence, (as Priscian teaches, lib. xi.) cassum, in the same manner as from defetiscor instead of defetiscitus, we have defessus. Vossius.) From the Lat. Cassus, which signifies, vain, useless, good for nothing, says Casseneuve, has been formed the Bar. Lat. verb, Casso, cassare; and thence the Fr. Casser, "to cass, to casseer, discharge, turn out of service." It was written cash, as in Goldyng; casseer, as in Warner; and now to quash, (qv.) To annul or annihilate; to render useless or unserviceable; to dismiss or discharge from service; to disband. 273 Thre and twenty thousand talents were bestowed here abouts. Furthermore he cashed the old souldiers and sup plied their roumes with yong beginners. But such as wer reteined stil, grudging at the dismissing of the old souldiers, required to be cashed theselues also, biddinge him pay the their wages and not to tell them of their yeres, for seing they wer chosen into warfare together, they thought it but right and duty to be discharged together.-Goldyng. Justine, fol.63. The ruffians among them, and soldiers cashiered, which be the chief doers, look for spoil: so that it seems no other thing but a plague and a fury among the vilest and worst sort of men. Strype. The D. of Somerset to Sir P. Hoby, Sept. 1, 1549. Moreour, if the Tartars draw homeward, our men must not therefore depart and cassier their bandes, or seperate themselves asunder: because they doe this vpon policie, namely to haue our armie diuided, that they may more securely inuade and waste the countrey. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 63. After this Richard, the election of three archbis. was cassate at Rome.-Fox. Martyrs, Ed. 3. He knows that abstinence from marriage was never commanded by any law of Moses, or Christ; and that that other from meats was now left free by Christ,-those special laws under Moses given to the Jews, being now cassale and cancelled by Christ.-Hammond. Works, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 177. Certainly they did not think it so needful, as that they would have suspended or cassated the decree. Bp. Taylor. Liberty of Prophesying, s. 6. And (for, perhaps, from such consort Warner. Albion's England, b. ix. And thou by that small hurt hath cashier'd Cassio. Shakespeare. Othello, Act ii. sc. 3. And so it is likewise with the sinner when once he has cast off the fear of God, and cashiered the sense of religion out of his mind, (which is the best security of mens innocency, and the most effectual curb to keep them from going astray.) he presently flies out into all sorts of extravagancy and de bauchery, as his temper and inclination does prompt him. Sharp, vol. vi. Ser. 3. All which passages, if we do not acknowledge to have been guided to their respective ends and effects, by the conduct of a superior, and a divine hand, we do by the same assertion prerogative, and make God not the governor, but the meer casheer all Providence, strip the Almighty of his noblest spectator of the world.-South, vol. iii. Ser. 11. This opinion as I hinted before, supersedes and cassates the best medium we have to demonstrate the being of a Deity, leaving us no other demonstrative proof, but that taken from the innate idea.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. i. Connexions form'd for interest, and endear'd By selfish views, [are] censur'd and cashier'd. Cowper. Tirocinium. CASK, n. Fr. Casque, or caque; Sp. CA'SKET, V. Casco, Menage derives thus, CA'SKET, n. Cadus, cadecus, cacus, caque. Skinner says from the Lat. Cadus, (see CADE,) or from the Fr. Casse; It. Cassa, capsa, (q. d.) See Cassa, capsa, cassica, vel Capsica vini. CASE. Casket is the diminutive of cask. Certain vessels for wine and other liquors are called casks. But caskets are used for depositing letters, trinkets, jewels, &c. New wine will search to find a vent, Vncertaine Auctors. Where good Wyll is, &c. And because we be not sure what timber they shall finde there to make caske, we haue laden in these ships 140 tunnes emptie caske, that is 94 tunnes shaken caske, and 46 tunnes whole, and ten thousand hoopes, and 480 wrethes of twigs.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 300. No alcumist dame Nature can displace, Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 193. Shakespeare. All's Well, Act ii. sc. 5. A garter or a bracelet of hers is more precious than any Saints relique, he lays it up in his casket, (O blessed relique) and every day will kisse it.—Burton. Anat. of Melan. p.524. Yet this notice of former superstitions was gained by this barbarity, that among a great number of rotten carcasses were found caskets full of pardons safely folded and lapt together in the bottom of their graves. Strype. Edw. VI. an. 1549. NN ---- With that A German oft has swill'd his threat, and sworn, The generous rummer, whilst, the owner, pleas'd, Maid, farewell! Philips. Cider, b. ii. I leave the casket that thy virtue held, Mason. The English Garden, b. iv. CASK, n. Fr. Casque; Sp. Casco. A helCA'SQUET. met, or head-piece. Menage and Skinner, from the Lat. Cassis; though the latter observes that in Sp. Casco (and also in Fr. Casque) testam notare; and what is cassis, but capitis testa? See the preceding CASK. A case (sc.) for the head; an enclosure, cover or protection for the head. Can this cock-pit hold The vastie fields of France? Or may we cramme CAS To cast or throw against; to object, (lit. and met.) To cast forth or forward; to project, (lit. and met.) To cast back; reject, (met.) To cast under; to subject, (met.) It has many consequential usages, and is em- overpower. clare or pronounce to be defeated or overcome; To decide or determine; to condemn. To cast (sc.) fused metal into a mould,-is to Shakespeare. Hen. V. Ch. 1. model; to fix or settle the form, the features, the Now with thick clouds th' enlighten'd pavement swarms, Gay. Trivia, b. iii. First at his foe Leophron aim'd a stroke; Wilkie. The Epigoniad, b. iii. CA'SSOCK, n. Fr. Jaque, casaque; It. Giacco, casacco; Sp. Jaca, casaca; Ger. Kasak, jacke; Dut. Kasacke, kajacke, jacke; Eng. Cassock and jack. Junius adopts from Vossius, that the parent of all these words is the Gr. Karas, whence the Lat. Casa, applied generally to any thing which covers, (sive domus est, sive vestis-Wachter); and that jack is corrupted from kajacke. Vossius de Vitiis Ser. 3. 3. in v. Casabula.) Vos(See sius is supported by other learned names. (See Menage and Wachter.) Of Jack, jaque, &c. Skinner says, quod si omnia a Lat. sagum. Wachter prefers to deduce jacke from the Gr. Iwyn, a covering. A cassock, tunica longior, is— A long cloak or vestment; used by a soldier or clergyman. But when Vlysses Againe shall greet vs, he shall put thee on I stretched forth mine arme at length, and swinging the skirt of my cassocke on high, round about my head, by this usual signe shewed, that the enemies were at hand: and so joyning with them, rode amaine, with my horse ready by this time to tyre.-Holland. Ammianus, p. 114. Your broad-way sons would never be too nice Dryden. The Hind & Panther, pt. iii. I put on a cassaque of one of the Marquis's guards, and with my page, the Duke of Nieuburg's guard, and Colonel Majette, a Flemish officer in the Munster service, I took horse at the back door of my inn. Sir W. Temple. To Sir J. Temple. It would be right too, let me tell you, Cawthorn. A Letter to a Clergyman. Sw. Kasta; Dan. Kaste. CAST, v. Thrown or cast from or away from; abject. To cast or throw out; to eject, to expel, (lit. and met.) To cast or throw in; to inject, (lit. and met.) parts or proportions, and even the hue, or com- CAS Where no good gifts haue place, nor bear the гaу, Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 112. We have in one place a kind of earth, which is so fine to make moulds for goldsmiths, and casters of metall, that a load of it was worth fiue shillings thirtie yeares agone. Holinshed. Desc. of England, c. 10. We govern this war as an unskilful man does a castingshoulder, the leads will pull him into the river. net: if he has not the right trick to cast the net off his Selden. Table Talk. War. visible quearity [queerness] in his aspect, or peculiar cast Observing one person behold another, who was an utter stranger to him, with a cast in his eye, which, methought, could be raised by an object so agreeable as the gentleman expressed an emotion of heart very different from what he looked at, I began to consider, not without some secret sorrow, the condition of an envious man.-Id. No. 19. The business men are chiefly conversant in, does not only give a certain cast or turn to their minds, but is very often apparent in their outward behaviour, and some of the most indifferent actions of their lives.-Id. No. 197. Nature herself has assigned, to every emotion of the soul, manner of gesture.-Id. No. 541. To cast the mind, or thoughts,-is, to reflect, its particular cast of the countenance, tone of voice, and meditate, consider, contrive; to project. caste. Al in on company heo wenden worth ther John answered him, saying, master, we sawe one castynge This sely carpenter goth forth his way, Id. The Miller's Tale, v. 3610. Min bin also the maladies colde, Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2470. This Acteon, as he well might And rapt Agenor from his reach, whom quietly he plac't Of all his course when casting up the scroules, Stirling. Doomes-day. The tenth Houre. Shakespeare. Romeo & Juliet, Act i. sc. 1. Boy. Why do you looke on vs, and shake your head, Upon Cheke's learning also, he casts a blur, when he says, that for his other sufficiencies, besides skill in Latin and Greek, he was pedantic enough, as appears by his books. Strype. Memoirs, b. ii. c. 28. If he, whom the world judges a saint, may yet be in the gall of bitterness and a son of perdition, is it possible that such a one, whose actions proclaim him even to the world for a reprobate and a cast-away, should yet indeed be a pious and sincere person.-South, vol. xi. Ser. 13, 14. As politic as those who, when the moon Butler. The Elephant in the Moon. They have upon casting up their accounts found, that the sufferings of this present life are not worthy to be compared with the glory that shall be revealed. Stillingfileet, vol. i. Ser. 12. Blair. Grave. All was pure within: no fell remorse, Fr. Chastier; It. Castigare; Sp. Castigar; Dut. Kastuden. Perottus thinks the Lat. Castigare, to be CA'STIGATORY. If thou didst put this sowre cold habit on Shakespeare. Timon of Athens, Act iv. sc. 3. What asselike impudence is it then, for any mere vainglorious, and selfe-loving puffe, that every where may read these inimitable touches of our Homer's mastery, any where to oppose his arrogant and ignorant castigations? Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. i. In these and all other things whatsoever, when by nature and the laws we are quit from the empire of the father, and that power which is called castigation, or the power of command and coercion, we are still tied to fear him with a reverential fear, and to obey him with the readiness of piety in all things where reverence and piety are to have regard and prevail, that is wherever it is possible and reasonable to obey.-Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, b. iii. c. 5. The Latin castigator hath obserued, that the Dutch copy is corrupted and faulty here and in divers places elsewhere Barneuelt. Apologie, (with marginal Castigations, 1618.) Syrians observed it with all the violence of grief, and the Aristophanes, in his Comedy of Peace, reckons the feast of Adonis among the chief festivals of the Athenians. The greatest cruelty of self-castigation. Langhorne. The Death of Adonis, Note. For which offence she [a common scold] may be indicted; and if convicted, shall be sentenced to be placed in a certain engine of correction called the trebucket, castigatory, or cucking stool, which in the Saxon language is said to signify the scolding stool.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 13. CASTLE, n. CA'STELLAN. CA'STLED. CASTLE-BUILDER. A. S. Castel; Fr. Cha-' teau; It. Castello; Sp. Castillo. Castellum, parvum casCA'STLE-BUILDING, n. trum. Castrum a casâ (a cot, a hut) deducitur, quod sit conjunctio quædam casarum, (Perottus.) Ea case dictæ sunt olim in Romano exercitu, unde castra, (Scaliger.) Chasteau, Cotgrave says A castle is properly a house furnished with towers, encompassed by walls and ditches; and strengthened by a moat or donjon in the middest. Castle-building, met. (see the quotations from Burton and Spectator)—— Raising lofty structures, forming grand projects, with no foundation to rest them upon. This gode folk of Troie ouer come were at the laste, And he commaundide knyghtis to go doun, and to take him fro the myddil of hem, and to lede hym into castels. Wiclif. Dedis, c. 23. [And he] commaunded the souldiers to go doune, and to take him frome amonge them and to brynge him into the castell.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Pride of the table appeareth in excesse of divers meates and drinkes, and namely swiche maner bake metes and dishe metes brenning of wilde fire, and peinted and castelled with paper, and semblable wast, so that it is abusion to thinke.-Chaucer. The Persones Tale. When I goe musing all alone, Burton. Anat. of Mel. The Author's Abstract. It was my chance in walking all alone, Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 776. Seuen of the same against the castle-gate, The southern coast, with most of the inland parts thereunto adjacent, were wholly subdued and secured by fortifying camps, building castles, and planting many colonies. Sir W. Temple. Introd. to Hist. of England. I am unhappily far gone in building, and am one of that species of men who are properly denominated castle-builders, who scorn to be beholden to the earth for a foundation, or dig in the bowels of it for materials; but erect their structures in the most unstable of elements,-the air,-fancy alone laying the line, marking the extent, and shaping the model.-Spectator, No. 167. A dissertation on castle-building may not only be serviceable to myself, but to all architects who display their skill in the thin element.-Id. Ib. Through these a river rolls its winding flood, Littelton. Jealousy, Ecl. 3. Regard, ye justices of peace! Jago. Edge-Hill. Noon, b. ii. Between Chadlington and Saresden is also an unmentioned camp, either Saxon or Danish, for both are concerned in this question; and their castrametation, even under the most practicable and commodious circumstances of ground, is sometimes ambiguous.-Warton. Ilist. of Kiddington, p. 50. CA'STRATE, v. Į Varro thinks that castrare CASTRATION, n. is manifestly from castus, quòd castrando vis libidinis extinguitur. Used metaphorically To cut out, to strike out, to exterminate, to expunge. What I have here said is not only in regard to the publick, but with an eve to my particular correspondent, who has sent me the following letter, which I have castrated in some places upon these considerations.-Spectator, No. 179. The argument then, in your form, will stand thus: Who can deny but that force, indirectly, and at a distance may, by castration, do some service towards bringing men to embrace that chastity, which otherwise they would never acquaint themselves with. Thus you see castration may, indirectly, and at a distance, be serviceable towards the salvation of men's souls. Locke. Second Letter. On Toleration. CA'STREL. See KESTREL. CA'SUAL. See CASE. CA'SUIST, v. CA'SUIST, n. CASUISTICAL. CA'SUISTRY. Fr. Casuiste; It. Casuista; Sp. Casuista. (See CASE.) A casuist is One learned, skilled in cases, duce cat. Others refer to the Lat. Catus, acutum videns, sharp-sighted. Cat's-paw,-(common in vulgar speech, but not in writing, the tool, the instrument; derived probably from the Fable, in which the Ape employs the Cat to pick the chestnuts from the hot coals with her paw, while he is quietly cracking them. Catipan, to turn catipan, Skinner interprets apostatize. But see the example from Bacon. to fall off, to deficere, transfugere, añoσTATELY, Cat-stick, Mr. Gifford believes to be what is now called buck-stick, used by children in the game of tip-cat or kit-cat. See Catipan and Catstick in Nares. Ich sigge it for me quath the mous: Thou sayst also, I walk out like a cat ; Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 5930. (sc.) of conscience; dexterous, subtle in arguing the] vnstedfast kingdome of the Grekes.—Bale. Image, pt. ii. upon them. And where he sets us in a fair allowance of way, with honest liberty and prudence to our guard, we never leave subtilizing and casuisting till we have strained and pared that liberal path into a razor's edge to walk on, between a precipice of unnecessary mischief on either side; and starting at every false alarm, we do not know which way to set a foot forward with manly confidence and Christian resolution through the confused ringing in our ears of panic scruples and amazements.-Milton. Doct. & Disc. of Die. b. ii. c. 20. Then subtile doctors Scriptures made their prize, Casuists, like cocks, struck out each others eyes. Denham. The Progress of Learning. For that is a fixed rule among the casuists, that an infinite number of venial sins do not amount to one mortal, and consequently though they have obliquity in them, yet they do not put a man out of the favour of God. Stillingfleet, vol. ii. Ser. 5. The truth of this assertion depends upon that known rule of casuistical divinity, that it is a greater sin to omit a known duty altogether, than to perform that duty as well as we can, though with much unworthiness.-Sharpe, vol. ii. Ser. 6. There is a generation of men, who have framed their casuistical divinity to a perfect compliance with all the corrupt affections of man's nature, and by that new invented engine of the doctrine of probability, will undertake to warrant and quiet the sinners conscience in the commission of any sin whatsoever, provided there be but the opinion of one learned man to vouch it.-South, vol. ii. Ser. 11. However he [Jeremy Taylor] being a person of most wonderful parts, and like to be an ornament thereunto he was dispensed with, and thereby obtained in that house [All Souls] much of that learning, wherewith he was enabled to write casuistically.-Wood. Athena Oxon. Thus at her felt approach, and secret might, Pope. Dunciad, b. iv. Sift then yourself, I say, and sift again, Smart. The Horatian Canons of Friendship. CAT, n. CAT'S-PAW. CATCAL, n. CA'TERWAUL. CA'TISH, adj. CA'TLING. Hart. An Essay on Satire. Fr. Chat; It. Gatto; Sp. Gato; Mid. Gr. Kurns; Mid. Lat. Catus, catta, cattus; A. S. Cat; Dut. Kat; Ger. Katze; Sw. Katt, katta. Catta, felis, a cat, is as old as Martial, (lib. xiii. ep. 69.) Wachter observes that this word is derived by many learned men from the Ger. Wachten, (also written ge-wachten,) to watch; whence the Fr. Gueter, to watch; and from gueter, he adds, Du Cange and Skinner have not hesitated to de But, as an old booke saith, who will assay Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 283. There is a cunning, which we in England call, the turning of the cat in pan; which is, when that which a man says to another, he lays it as if another had said it to him. Bacon. Ess. of Cunning. Goe charge my goblins that they grinde their ioynts Shakespeare. Tempest, Act iv. sc. 1. Mar. What a catterwalling do you keepe here? If my ladie haue not call'd vp her steward Maluolio, and bid him turne you out of doores, neuer trust me. Id. Twelfth Night, Act ii. sc. 3. -Vnder which bushes shade A lyonnesse, with vdders all drawn drie, If any knowledge resteth after death In ghosts of birds, when they have left to breathe, Drummond. Phillis on the Death of her Sparrow. Massinger. The Maid of Honour, Act ii. sc. 2. Sovereign places held among the watry train, Of cat-tails made them crowns, which from the sedge doth grow, Which neatly woven were.-Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 20. If cat-ey'd, then a Pallas is their love, Dryden. Lucretius, b. iv. Our mountebank has laid a deeper train, Id. Prol. to the Pilgrim. Another virtuoso of my acquaintance will not allow the cat-call to be older than Thespis, and is apt to think it appear'd in the world soon after the ancient comedy; for which reason it has still a place in our dramatick entertainments nor must I here omit what a very curious gentleman, who is lately returned from his travels, has more than once assured me, namely, that there was lately dug up at Rome the statue of a Momus, who holds an instrument in his right hand, very much resembling our modern cat-call. Spectator, No. 361 You dread reformers of an impious age, Yanburgh. Prologue to the False Friend. |