No, you will dictate wholesome grounds, and sow Seeds in his mind, as pure as that is now: Breathe in your thoughts, your soul, make him the true Resemblance of your worth, speak and live you. Cartwright. To Dr. Duppa. 1 hope God hath given me ability to be master of my own passion, and endowed me with that reason, that will dictate unto me what is for my own good and benefit.

State Trials. Lieut.-Col. J. Lilburne, an. 1649.

For he [Sylla] proclamed himself Dictator, which office had not been for sixscore years before in use, and made the senate discharge him of all that was past, giving him free liberty afterwards to kill whom he would, and to confiscate their goods to destroy cities, and to build up new as he listed; to take away kingdoms, and to give them where he thought good.-North. Plutarch, p. 403.

In the third place also if you will believe that you have a dictatorian power over all times, and laws past, and present, and so may justify all that you act against them: yet why do you not act against them without such detestable cursings, odious railings, and unsavory derisions, as your mouth is perpetually defiled with.

State Trials. Lieut. Col. J. Lilburne, an. 1649.

Your beauty 'twas at first did awe me,
And into bondage, woeful bondage draw me;
It was your cheek, your eye, your lip,
Which raised you hrst to the dictatorship.

Cotton. To the Countess of Chesterfield.

What heresies and prodigious opinions have been set on foct, and maintained to the death under the pretence of the dictation, and warrant of God's spirit! Bp. Hall. Rem. p. 148. Rather, as I hope, for that our English, the language of men ever famous, and foremost in the atchievements of liberty, will not easily find servile letters enow to spell such a dictatory presumption English'd. Milton. Speech on unlicensed Printing.

Nay the very same autors, who have usurpt a kind of dictature in sciences, and with such confidence past censure upon matters in doubt, have yet (the heat once over) in the lucide intervalles, from these peremptory fits of asseveration, changed their note.

Bacon. On Learning, by G. Wats, Pref. p. 9.

That is to say, you are to trust to your own particular discourses, as to particular discourses, and no farther; but to the resolves of the church as to the dictamens of a higher understanding, by the light of which you are to judge and

censure of the rest.

Ld. Falkland, in Hammond's Works, vol. ii. pt.i. p.600. Though Phalaris's brazen bull were there,

And he would dictate what he'd have you swear,
Be not so profligate, but rather choose

To guard your honour, and your life to lose,
Rather than let your virtue be betray'd!
Virtue, the noblest cause for which you're made.
Stepney. Imit. of Juvenal.

Then those who follow'd Reason's dictates right,
Liv'd up, and lifted high their natural light,
With Socrates may see their Maker's face,
While thousand rubric martyrs want a place.

Dryden. Religio Laici.

Did they appeal to Saint Peter as to the supreme dictatour and judge of controversies? not so; but they sent to the apostle and elders at Jerusalem, to enquire about the question.-Barrow. Of the Pope's Supremacy.

The Gentiles, though in their searches after wisdom and knowledge they had fallen into many errors, yet had discovered many excellent truths, and if a judicious collection had been made of the useful doctrines which some or other of them in various times and places had taught, a system of morality might have been drawn up, which would bear no small resemblance to the dictates of the Gospel.

Jortin. On the Christian Religion, Dis. 2.

But scarcely any man is so steadily serious as not to complain, that the severity of dictatorial instruction has been too seldom relieved, and that he is driven by the sternness of the Rambler's philosophy to more cheerful and airy companions.-Rambler, No. 208.

A still stronger proof of his [Sylla] placing more confidence In his good fortune, than in his atchievements, was his laying down the dictatorship.-Langhorne. Plutarch.

Haply it may be said, that any charity is, at any time, the favourite of so capricious a dictatrix of human conduct. Knox. The Magdalen Hospital recommended. DICTION. Fr. Diction; Lat. Dictio, from Dicere, dictum. See DICTATE.

The style of language in writing or speaking. We are not wont to require the dictions of the New Testament, which have so much of the Old Testament Hebrew idiom in them, to be tryed by Attical heathen Greek writers: yet shall I not now need to refuse that tryal which is here offered.-Hammond. Works, vol. i. p. 425.

Concise your diction; let your sense be clear,
Nor with a weight of words fatigue the ear.
Francis. Horace, b. i. Sat. 10.

Though he [Dryden] wrote hastily, and often incorrectly, and his style is not free from faults, yet there is a richness in his diction, a copiousness, ease, and variety in his expression, which have not been surpassed by any who have come after him.-Blair, vol. i. Lect. 18.

In

DICTIONARY. Lat. Dictionarium; Fr.Dictionnaire; It. Dizionario; Sp. Diccionario. Dut. Woordenboek.

A book of words, containing (as distinguished from a mere vocabulary) their etymology, meaning, and usage.

O ridiculous birth! a mouse crept out of the mountain! Help grammarians! one of your number is in danger of perishing! The laws of God and of nature are safe; but Salmasius's Dictionary is undone.

Millon. A Defence of the People of England.

I am not to blame for quoting the philosophical dictionary of that author, because the design of dictionaries is to show the use of words.

Clarke and Leibnitz. Mr. Leibnitz's fourth Paper. I am not here writing a dictionary, (which yet ought to be done, and of a very different kind indeed from any thing ever yet attempted any where,) but only laying a foundation for a new theory of language. Tooke. Diversions of Purley, vol. i. c. 9. DID. i.e. Doed, do'd, did. See Do.

I have already discoursed of the integrity of life, and what great necessity, there is, and how deep obligations lie upon you, not only to be innocent and void of offence, but also to be holy; not only pure, but shining; not only to be blameless, but to be didactic in your lives; that, as by your sermons you preach in season, so by your lives you may preach out of season.-Bp. Taylor, vol. iii. Ser. 10.

We shall not need here to describe out of their didactical writings, what kind of prayers, and what causes of confidence they teach towards the blessed Virgin Mary and All Saints. Id. A Dissuasive from Popery, pt. i. s. 9.

For the apostle proves the necessity of God's revealing these things by his Spirit, v. 10, 11, 12, and then adds that their speaking was not after the didactick way of human wisdom, but of the Holy Spirit, comparing spiritual things with spiritual.-Stillingfleet, vol. iii. Ser. 12.

In all which he displays the glorious state of that kingdom, not in the ordinary way of argumentation and formal reasoning which had no place in an epistle writ as this is, all as it were in a rapture, and in a stile far above the plain didactical way.-Locke. Paraphrase on Ephesians, Synopsis.

Under what species it may be comprehended, whether didascalic or heroic, I leave to the judgment of the critics Prior. Solomon, Pref.

This useful impression [on the mind] is commonly made in poetry by indirect methods; as by fable, by narration, by representation of characters; but didactick poetry openly professes its intention of conveying knowledge and instruction.-Blair, Lect. 40.

DIDAPPER. Skinner says (q.d.) Dive-dapIt is probably merely a reduplication of dip, (q.d.) dip-dipper. See DAB-CHICK.

per.

Upon this promise did he raise his chin, Like a di-dapper peering through a wave, Who being look'd on, ducks as quickly in. Shakespeare. Venus & Adonis.

Luz. The misery of man may fitly be compar'd to a di dupper, who when she is under water, past our sight, and indeed can seem no more to us, rises again; shakes but herself, and is the same she was: so is it with transitory man, this day.-Beaum. & Fletch. Woman Hater, Act iv. sc. 3.

Thou must eat little or no goat's flesh, nor red deer; nor even foal's flesh, by any means; and carefully abstain,-that is, as much as thou canst, from peacocks, cranes, coots, didappers, and water hens.

Sterne. Tristram Shandy, vol. viii. c. 34. DIDRACHM. Gr. Atopaxuov, from dis, twice, and Spaxun. A double drachm, equal to two Roman denarii, or fifteen pence English. See DRACHM.

They went to Peter whom they sawe in maner next about hym, saying: Doeth youre maister (quoth they) pay the didramme or didrachma for trybute, as others doe. Udal. Matt. c. 17. The Septuagint reads το ήμισυ διδραχμον, the half of the didrachm, or half shekel, which is all one with a whole didrachm Attick.-Hummond. Annot, on St. Matthew, c. 17. |

DIDUCTION, n. Lat. Diducere, ctum, (da, DIDU'CTIVELY. Sand ducere,) to draw apart. A drawing apart; withdrawing one part from another.

Diductively is used by Brown, as deductively. The 4to. edition of Boyle reads deduction.

He ought to shew us what kind of strings they are, which, though strongly fastened to the inside of the receiver and superficies of the bladder, must draw just as forcibly one as another, how long soever they be without the bladder, in comparison of those that within the bladder drew so as to hinder the diduction of its sides.-Boyle. Works, vol.i. p.165.

Now, what is very strange, there is scarce a popular error passant in our dayes, which is not either directly expressed, or diductively contained in this work [Pliny, Natural History), which being in the hands of most men, hath proved a powerful occasion of their propagation. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. i. c. 8. DIE. See DICE. Also that in which any thing is cast or moulded; the cast or mould itself; the stamp.

Thus through foistinge and cogginge theire die, and other false playe, these new perillous teachers deceiue many poore souls, and robbe them of the sure pure simplicitie of their faithe.-Jewel. A Replie to M. Hardinge, p. 171.

At the last, as men that being a marvellous height from. the ground do headlong throw themselves down, closing up their eyes, and withdrawing their minds from the thought of danger: crying out these words onely unto them that were by in the Greek tongue, avɛppióba kvßos: in English, let the die be cast (meaning hereby to put all in hazard and according to our proverb, to set all on six or seven) he [Julius Cæsar] pass'd over with his army.

North. Plutarch, p. 549. Such variety of dies made use of by Wood in stamping his money, makes the discovery of counterfeits more difficult.

Swift.

The swote smell sprong so wide

That it died all the place about.-Chaucer. Rom. of the R
A webbe, a deyer, and a tapiser,
Were alle yclothed in o livere,
Of a solempne and grete fraternite.

Id. The Prologue, v. 364. Graine that you die scarlet withall is worth the batman ready money, 200. shaughs, reconing the shaugh for 6 penca Russe.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 361.

There is a wood called Logwood or Palo Campichio, it is cheape and yeildeth a glorious blew, but our workmen can not make it sure, this wood you must take with you, and see whether the silke diers or wooll diers in Turkey can do it.

Id. Ib. vol. ii. pt. i. p. 165.

And this was of such force, that for the space of five hundred years and more. Lycurgus chief law and ordinances remained in full perfection, as a deep wodded die, which went to the bottom, and pierced into the tender wool. North. Plutarch, p. 65. In like maner in Norffolke there was assembled an huge number of those vnrulie countrie people which vnder the guiding of a dier of cloth, commonlie called John Littester, that had dwelt in Norwich, attempted and did all such vngratious feats, as they had heard that other did in other parts of the realme.-Holinshed. Rich. II. an. 1381.

We also learned in the dye-houses, that cloth being dyed blue with woad, is afterwards by the yellow decoction of woud-wax or wood-wax, dued into a green colour. Boyle. Works, pt. iii. vol. i. 740. P. DIE, v. See DEAD. Also written Dye, (qv.) Tho Hengist ysey the Cristene men hym siwe so faste And that he moste nede turne azeyn other deye att laste, He bigan to ordeyne ys folk.-R. Gloucester, p. 139. Thei receyued him fulle faire, & were of him blythe. With him alle, thei said, thei wild lyue and deie. R. Brunne, p. 45 God sent to Saul, by Samuel the prophete. That Agar of Amalek. and al hus lyge puple Sholde deye delfulliche. for dedes of here eldren. Piers Plouhman, p. 59. He wente to him & preiede him, that he schulde come doun, and heele his sonne: for he began to dye.

Wiclif. John, c. 4

For naked as a worme was she

And if the weather stormy were
For cold she should haue died there.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. And the Lorde God commaunded Adam sayinge: Of al trees of the garden se thou eate: but of ye tree of knowledge of good and bad se that thou eate not: for eue ye same day thou eatest of it thou shalt dye ye deth. Bible, 1551. Genesis, c. 2. So raisde they eke faire Ledaes warlike twines, And interchanged life vnto them lent,

That when th' one dies, th' other then beginnes To shew in heauen his brightnes orient.

Spenser. The Ruines of Time.

To my light scenes I once inscrib'd your name, And impotently strove to borrow fame;

Soon will that die which adds thy name to mine, Let me, then, live join'd to a work of thine.

Their failure as remedies may be reasonably attributed to the alterations, which the human frame is found to undergo in the revolution of ages by a general change of dietetic regimen. Knox. Ess. No. 38.

DIET. See Diette, in Menage; Diæta, in Du Cange; Deut, in Wachter; Thiuda in Junius, ( Gloss. Goth.) Menage thinks it an application of Diet (above) to a public assembly; because the Germans were anciently accustomed to treat of public affairs in the midst of their festivals. Duchat and Skinner think from Dies, a day; the Ger. Reichs tog, dies imperii translated into Dieta; the day (emphatically) fixed according to the former for pleas or other public business. In English legal proceedings, the parties (in certain cases) pray a Day (sc. for deciding their suit.) Skinner says,-because,

R. Steele. To the Author of the Tragedy of Cato. perhaps, the whole time of session was judicially

There taught us how to live; and (oh, too high
The price for knowledge) taught us how to die.

Tickell. On the Death of Addison.

If then there is a divine assistance promised and vouchsafed to every sincere Christian, in proportion to his trials and temptations, he has none but himself to blame, if he prefers a bad influence to a good one, and lets the adversary of his soul be harkened to more than him that created it, and died to redeem it.-Pearce, vol. ii. Ser. 18.

DIET, v.

DIET, n.

DIFTER.

DIETETIC. DIETETICAL. DIETING, n. valent to

Fr. Diète; It. and Sp. Dieta; Lat. Diata; Gr. Aiaita. Of uncertain etymology. 66 A set rule and order of eating and drinking," (Minshew.) To diet, is used, (lit. and met.) as equi

To feed more restrictedly, to feed upon medicated meats, or upon meats prepared to secure or restore health. Diet-breads, and Diet-drinks, were breads and drinks so prepared.

I pray you, cosin, wisely that ye ride;
Governeth you also of your diete

Attemprely-Chaucer. The Shipmannes Tale, v. 13,191.

And than I drynke a bitter swete

With drie lippe, and eien wete. Lo thus I temper my diele.

Gower. Con. A. b. vi.

But if he wil not, they do but diet hym a season, to winne him and make him tell more, and deliuer hym to the lay power.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 203.

If noo feuer remayne, than vse moderate fricasies, and lyttell eatying, & that of meates hauynge good iuyce, increacynge by lyttell and lyttell to the naturall diete.

Sir T. Elyot. The Castel of Helth, b. iv. c. 5.
If you go less,

Or take a dyating mercy to protection,
The honour of a father I disclaim in you.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Double Marriage, Act ii. sc. 1. With these threats, Cleopatra for fear yielded straight, as she would have yielded unto strokes. and afterwards suffered herself to be cured and dieled as they listed.

North. Plutarch, p. 783.

I shall prescribe one receipt to all Christian tempers, which is to acquire the habit of piety and devotion; for this, in our spirituall life, is like a healthfull aire and a temperate diet in our naturall, the best preservative of a rectified faith, and the best disposition to recover from an unsound religion. Mountague. Devoute Essayes, pt. i. Treat. 3. s. 2.

Arui. He cut our rootes in characters, And sawc'st our brothes, as Juno had bin sicke, And he her dieter.-Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act iv. sc. 2. The third, dieteticall and prophylacticall receipts of wholesome caution: which I meane (with a determinate præterition of the rest) to spend my hour upon; Save yourselves from this untoward generation.-Bp.Hall. Ser. Acts, ii. 37.

Yet can I set my Gallio's dieting,
A pestle of a lark, or plover's wing;
And warn him not to cast his wonton eyne
On grosser bacon.

Id. b. iv. Sat. 4.

considered as one Day. Lye refers to the Goth. Thiuda, gens, in Junius, (Gloss. Goth.) where Thiuda, thied, or Diet, diæta, are assigned to the A. S. Theod-an, getheod-an, jungere se alicui, associari;-to join or unite, to associate or meet together.

The King of Rome hath sent Gusman, one of the cheefe abowte him, to th' Emperor to exhort him to appoint a dyot in some place of Germanie, for the quietness of the same, which messenger, as yet, hath had no audience.

Lodge. Illustrations of British History, vol. i. p. 170. Viz. the Pope, Emperour, King of Spain, Duke of Bavaria, &c. and of so great consequence joyntlie, and severally to them all, and must of necessity require divers assemblies, commissions, perchance dietts, &c.

Cabbala. The Lord Brook to the Duke, Nov. 1623. Each proselyte would vote his doctor best, With absolute exclusion to the rest: Thus would your Polish die! disagree, And end, as it began, in anarchy.

Dryden. The Hind & the Panther. See DEFAME.

DIFFAME. DIFFER, v. DIFFERENT. DIFFERENCE, n. DIFFERENCE, v. DIFFERENTIAL. DIFFERENTIALLY. DIFFERENTLY. DIFFERINGLY.

Fr. Différer; It. Differire; Sp. Diferenciar; Lat. Differre, to bear apart, (dis, and ferre.) Vossius says,-Differre is properly dissipare, dividere; to dissipate, to divide; and, (met.) as things dissimilar are said (di-stare) to stand apart; so are they said (differre) to differ.

To bear apart, to separate or divide; to be or cause to be separate or apart, or asunder in place; to dissever or distinguish; to be or cause to be separate, distinct, dissimilar or unlike in appearances; to have dissimilar or unlike properties or qualities; to have, keep or maintain, dissimilar or contradictory ideas, notions or opinions. And thus, to dissent, to disagree, to dispute, to controvert, to debate, to contend.

By this reason then, there commen many maner of knowyngs, to diuerse and to diffryng substaunces. Chaucer. Boecius, b. i. without difference of entencion to comen to good.-Id. Ib. All folke than (qd she) good and eke badde, enforcen hem In makinge of comparison There maie no difference bee

Betwix a dronken man and mee.-Gower. Con. A. b. vi. There is one maner glory of the sunne, and another glorie of the moone, & another glory of the starres, for one starre differeth fro another in glorie.-Bible, 1551. 1 Cor. c. 15.

But the Lorde shewyng what difference there was betwene the Jewishe righteousnesse, and the righteousnesse of the ghospel: betwene a good Jewe, and a good Christian manne, sayde: If thou will be perfeict, goe and sell all that thou hast, and geue the money to ye poor.-Udal. Matt. c. 19. Magellane was not altogether deceived, in naming of them

We have dicted a healthy body into a consumption by giants, for they generally differ from the common sort of plying it with physick instead of food.

Swift. On the Conduct of the Allies.

From the beginning of God's taking them unto his care and patronage, they were fed and maintain'd at the immediate cost and charges of heaven; they were dieted with miracles, with new inventions and acts of providence, the course of nature itself still veiling to their necessities. South, vol. v. Ser. 9.

men, both in stature, bignesse, and strength of body, as also in the hideousness of their voice: but yet they are nothing so monstrous, or giant-like as they were reported. Sir Francis Drake Revived, p. 28.

How now, Sir Knight!
What meaneth this which heere I see before?
How fortuneth this foule vncomely plight
So different from that, which earst ye seem'd in sight?
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 7.

Nay, and in this, thou show'st to value more
One poet, then of other folke ten score.

O pietie! so to weigh the poor's estates!

O bountie! so to difference the rates.

And if it be true both in divinity and law, that consent alone though copulation never follow, makes a marriage, how can they dissolve it for want of that which made it not, and not dissolve it for that not continuing which made it, and should preserve it in love and reason, and difference it from a brute conjugality-Milton. Tetrachordon.

So that in these three respects even the communicable attributes of God, are themselves incommunicable; and so they are his name, whereby he is known and differenced from all other beings whatsoever.

Hopkins. Practical Exposition of the Lord's Prayer. Though now great difference be of mortals made, "All shall meet equals, but must first be dead."

Stirling. Domes-Day. The Fifth Hour. Especially the understanding, the supreme faculty of the soul, which chiefly differenceth us from brute beasts, and makes us capable of virtue and vice, of rewards and punishments, shall be busied and employed in contemplating the works of God, and observing the divine art and wisdom, manifested in the structure and composition of them. Ray. On the Creation, pt. i.

As the difference of tone makes a difference between every man's voice, of the same country, yea family: so a different dialect and pronunciation, differs persons of divers countries; yea persons of one and the same country, speaking the same language. Derham. Physico-Theology, b. v. c. 9. Note I.

First as to that which belongs to the sight, you must conceive that which is called a white or a black colour not to be any thing, absolutely existing either without your eyes, or within your eyes; but black and white, and every other colour, is caused by different motions made upon the eye from objects differently modified. Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 10.

When biting serpents are mentioned in the Scripture they are not differentially set down from such as mischief by stings.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 28.

Salt petre being but a kind of sal-terræ, generated in very differingly qualified parcels of earth, may probably receive divers qualities from the particular soil wherein it grows. Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 327.

Intellectual differences shall shortly cease, and then moral differences shall take place; one moment shall equal the learned and the unlearned; the knowing and ignorant person shall at last stand upon equal ground, but the good and bad men shall be differenced for ever.-Bates. Fear of God, c. 9.

Now it is the most becoming the divine goodness not to deal so differently, that the soul should be everlastingly happy, and the body lost in forgetfulness; the one glorified

in heaven, the other remain in the dust.

Id. Dr. T. Manton's Fun. Ser. This may be easily done by considering that Christianity when it is thus differently spoken of, is represented to us in two very different views of it.-Pearce, vol. ii. Ser. 18.

Therefore weight is made by the differencial, not the absolute pressure of earth. Search. Light of Nature, vol. ii. pt. ii. c. 22. It. and Fr. Difficile; Sp. Dificil; Lat. Difficilis, difficile; difficult; hard to be

DIFFICILE. DIFFICILENESS. DIFFICILITATE, v.

}

done. See DIFFICULT.

The said Alcibiades became so industrious that were it good or yuel that he enterprised, nothing almost escaped that he acheued nat, were the thing neuer so difficyle, (or as who sayth) impenitrable. Sir T. Elyot. Governour, b. i. c. 23. Truly it was a woorthy sentence of suche a prince. What thing is it, be it neuer so difficile, begunne by a vertuous man, but there is hope to have a good end thereof?

Golden Boke, c. 45. That, that should give motion to an unweildy bulk, which itself hath neither bulk or motion; is of as difficil an apprehension, as any mystery in nature.

Glanvill. Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 3.

The lighter sort of malignitie, turneth but to a crosnesse, or frowardnesse, or aptnesse to oppose, or difficilnesse or the like, but the deeper sort to envie and meere mischief. Bacon. Ess. Of Goodness. The inordinateness of our love difficilitateth this duty [charity].-Mountague. Devoute Essayes, pt.i. Treat. 15. s.4. Beside, 'tis known he could speak Greek

As naturally as pigs squeak;

That Latin was no more difficile,

Than to a blackbird 'tis to whistle.-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 1. DIFFICULT, adj.

DIFFICULTY.

DIFFICULTNESS.

}

Lat. Difficilis, that can or may not be done, (sc.) easily, (dis, qv. and fa

cilis, that can or may be done.)

Fr. Difficulté; It. Difficoltà; Sp. Difficuldad. Cotgrave explains the Fr. verb, Difficulter,—“ To difficultate or difficilitate; to make difficult or uneasie; to make it a hard matter, to make bones

A certain muscle, called the diagastric, rises on the side of the face, considerably above the insertion of the lower jaw, and comes down, being converted in its progress into a round tendon.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 9.

DIGE'ST, v. Di'GEST, n.

DIGE'STER.

DIGESTIBLE.

Lat. Digerere,divisum vel diversum gerere, from Lat. Dis, (qv.) and gerere, which Vossius interprets, manum administrare, (q.d. to handle,) formed from Gr. Xep-os, genitive, from Xep, the hand. It. Digerire; Sp. Digerir; Fr. Digérir, to disgest, concoct; brook, bear, digest, abide, away with; also, to sort, order, dispose," (Cotgrave.)

DIGESTIBILITY. DIGESTION. DIGESTIVE, adj. DIGESTIVE, n. DIGE STING, n. DIGE STEDLY.

66

To digest, or as frequently written disgest, food,--to bear or convey food-concocted into different parts of the body.

To digest ideas or thoughts, -to arrange or distribute them in order for consideration; to dispose them methodically; to consider them well; to meditate upon, to contemplate; to sink or settle them in the mind.

Hence the application of the noun is plain to any work digested into good order: as by Tertullian to the Gospel of St. Luke; and the civilians to the Pandecta of Justinian.

The Digests,-Fr. Digestes; It. Digesti; Sp. Digestos; Lat. Digesta, from digerere, to set or order,-a volume of the civil law, so called, because the legal precepts therein are so excellently ordered, disposed, and digested, (Minshew.)

Than thus proceeded Saturne & the Mone
Whan they the mater ripely did degest.

Chaucer. The Testament of Creseide.

Of his diete mesurable was he,

For it was of no superfluitee,

But of gret nourishing, and digestible,

His study was but litel on the Bible.-Id. Prologue, v. 414.

The norice of digestion, the slepe

Can on hem winke, and bad hem taken kepe
That mochel drinke and labour wol have rest.

Id. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,640.

A day or two ye shul han digestives
Of wormes, or ye take your laxatives.

Id. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 14,942.

If all the world were thyne, thou couldest not make thyselfe one inche leger, nor that thy stomacke shall disgeste the meate that thou puttest into it.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 234.

Your singing is but roaring to stretch out your mawes to make the meate sinke to the bottome of the stomacke, that he may haue perfect digestion, and be ready to deuoure a freshe against the next refection.-Id. Ib. 243.

More ouer, there be dyuers maners of exercyses, whereof some, onely prepareth and helpeth dygestyon, some augmenteth also strength and hardynesse of body. Sir T. Elyot. Governor, b. i. c. 16. To thintent, that nature, which is made by custom, but not rebuked, & the power digestiue therby debilitate. Id. Castel of Helth, b. iii. c. 3.

He should receyue such meates, drynkes, and medicines, which doth attenuate or make thynne, cutte, and digest gross humours without vehement heate, whereof it is written in the table of digestiues.-Id. Ib. b. iv. c. 1.

Hunger's my cook, my labour brings me meat,
Which best digests when it is sauc'd with sweat.
Brome. To his Friend Mr. J. B.

While the stream of sorrow runs full, I know how vain it is to oppose counsell. Passions must have leisure to digest. Before you have digested griefe, advice comes too early; too late, when you have digested it.-Bp. Hall, Ep. 9. Dec. 2.

His next counsel was, That with other practicall doctrines they should not forget to preach and press charity; and this not in a slight perfunctory manner, but studiedly and digestedly to give the people the true nature of it, the full latitude of it, the absolute and indispensable necessity of having it.-Mede. Works, p. 69. App. to the Author's Life.

March 12, 1682. I went this afternoone with several of ye Royal Society to a supper, which was all dress'd, both fish and flesh, in Mor. Papin's digestors, by which the hardest bones of beefe itselfe & mutton, were made as soft as cheese without water or other liquor.-Evelyn. Memoirs.

The Romans, when they had subdued many nations, to make their government digestible, were wont to take away that grievance, as much as they thought necessary, by giving sometimes to whole nations, and sometimes to principal men of every nation they conquered, not only the privileges, but also the name of Romans.

Hobbs. Of Commonwealth, c. 19.

DIGHT, v. DIGHTING.

Dodsley. Agriculture, c. 3. A. S. Dihtan, parare, procurare, instituere, instruere,

To prepare, to procure, to provide, to appoint, to furnish, item, disponere, componere, exarare,-to dispose, to set in order, to compose, (Somner.) Skinner and Lye think, from to deck.

Ge gonge men, quoth Merlyn, cutheth now goure mygte,
Hou ge mow this stones best to the schip dygte.
R. Gloucester, p. 148.
Henry dight him on haste to the toun of Hastyng.
R. Brunne, p. 96.
Whan his lotte was to walke a night,
His instruments would be dight
For to blow and maketh soune.-Chaucer. R. of the R.
For men also that were dede
Thei hadden goodes as I rede,
And tho by name Manes highten,

To whom full great honour thei dighten.-Gower. C. A. b.v. He hathe put hys swearde to the dightyng, [Mod. Ver. to be furbished] that good hold may be taken of it. This swearde is sharpned and dyght [furbished], that it may be geuen into the hande of the manslayer.

The

Animals multifidous, [are] such as are digitated or have several divisions in their feet.-Id. Ib. b. vi. c. 6.

myself, and my means; and I shall never care to be digited, Let me haue but so much wisdom as may orderly manage with a THAT IS HE.-Feltham, pt. i. Res. 28.

DIGLA'DIATE, v. Lat. Digladiare, to fight DIGLADIA'TION. with swords, (gladiis.) Cockeram says, "Digladiation, — fight, strife, debate."

For what else are writings of many men, but mutual pasquils and satyrs against each others lives, wherein digladiating like Eschines and Demosthenes, they reciprocally lay open each others filthiness to the view and scorn of the world.-Hales. Remains. Ser. Rom. xiv. 1.

The passions being engaged in the quarrel, the judgment of both sides are lost, or blinded, or silenced with the dus and noise of passionate digladiations.

Hale. Cont. vol. i. A Discourse of Religion, c. 2. But I list not here to interrupt my reader upon this chapter which has already suffered so many sore digladiations and contests.-Evelyn. Navigation & Commerce, §61.

DIGNIFY, v. DIGNIFICATION. DIGNIFYING, N. DIGNATION, DIGNITY. DIGNITARY.

Fr. Dignité; It. Dignità; Sp. Dignidad; Lat. Dignitas Dignus is by some etymologists supposed to be from the Gr. Akvu-ew, ostendere, demonstrare, to show, to point out, for different reasons, (Perottus ;) because those who appear worthy, (digni,) are usually pointed out to others by the finger (digito demonstrantur.) Vossius, however, is inclined to believe that dignus, or as the ancients wrote it, dicnus, comes from Gr. Akm, id est jus; ut dignus, cui tribui aliquid æquum est.

To dignify, (formed of dignus and fieri,) is, literally, to be or cause to be worthy: but by common application it is

To bestow or confer that of which any one is worthy; and thus, to distinguish by honours or emoluments; to advance, to prefer, to promote to honours or emoluments or authority; to exalt to honour, to rank, to grandeur; to elevate.

Dignation, estimation, (sc.) of worth or wor

Dugne, in Chaucer, Mr. Tyrwhitt says, is,worthy, proud, disdainful.

Change worth of bischopriches, and the digne sege [worthy
seat] Ywys
Worth ybrogt to Canterbury, that at London now ys.
R. Gloucester, p. 132.
Tho com Merlyne's word to sothe atte ende
That the dygne se to Kaunterbury of London ssolde wende.
Id. p. 231.
Vor hys robe and hys dygnite was al wel byset.-Id. p. 312.
An other Sir William, Bishop of Ely.
Thise suld kepe the lond, & the dignites.
Justises tille tham he bond, to kepe the lawes & feez.
R. Brunne, p. 148.

And he is heed of the bodi of the chirche, whiche is the bygynnyng and the first bigetun of deede men, that he holde the firste dignyte in alle thingis.-Wiclif. Colocensis, c

He was to sinful men not dispitous,
Ne of his speche dangerous ne digne,
But in his teching discrete and benigne.

Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 519.

Yet sang the larke, and Palemon right tho
With holy herte, and with an high corage
He rose, to wenden on his pilgrimage
Unto the blisful Citherea benigne,
I mene Venus, honourable, and digne.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2218.
And certaine the same thing may I most dignely iudgen.
Id. Boecius, b. ii.
Age to compare vnto thine excellence
I nil presume him so to dignifie.-Id. Remedie of Loue.
And I that am put way from good men, and dispoiled of
dignities, and defouled of my name by gessyng, haue suffred
turmentes for my good deeds.-Id. Boecius, b. i.

For yt cause hath God placed you in your office, that therefore ye might the more see his speciall dignation and loue towards you.

Fox. Martyrs, p. 1497. M. Bradford to M. Hopkins.

O king, God the hyest gaue vnto Nabuchodonosor thy father, the dugnitie of a king, with worshippe and honour: so that all people kynreddes and tunges stode in awe and feare of hym, by reason of the hie estate, that he had lent hi.-Bible, 1551. Daniel, c. 5.

All which things, as they are great honours to the person, rightly called to such vicinity and endearments with God, so they depend wholly upon divine dignation of the grace and vocation of the person. Bp. Taylor. Ser. The Office Ministerial.

They who gaze only upon the glorious robes of tyrants, may well be dazled with their splendour; we must therefore take off our eyes from their palaces, and look upon them in the sanctuarie; where, understanding their latter ends, we shall find they were set up, thus to be deluded, rather then dignified.

Mountague. Devoute Essayes, pt. ii. Treat. 4. s. 2.

All dignification retains still the same title of the merit of some virtue, and those that attend the least to virtue, will not referre their temporall successes to lesse then the adeption of them by some virtue.-Id. Ib. pt. i. Treat. 5. 8. 2.

And towarde the dignifying of this office, God's purpose seems so express, that he has not only furnished subjects for our personating his office of beneficence, but submitted himself to be represented by the same subjects. Id. Ib. pt. ii. Treat. 4. s. 1. The first of these great dignities [Lord High Chancellor of England, and Chancellor of the University of Oxford] King Charles the Second had conferred on him whilst he was yet in banishment with him.

Clarendon. Civil War, vol. i. Pref. p. 1.

Not to mention the patronage of those many prelates and dignitaries of the church, men of piety and learning, with whom he lived in a close intimacy and friendship.

Life of Walton. He [the pious man] is dignified by the most illustrious titles, a son of God, a friend and favourite to the Sovereign King of the world, an heir of heaven, a denizen of the Jerusalem above: titles far surpassing all those which worldly state doth assume.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 2.

For this commandment we have from him, that he who loveth God love his brother also. The first commandment excells in the dignity of the object; but the second hath the advantage in the reality of its effects.-Tillotson, vol.i. Ser. 18.

Then Pallas over all his features shed
Superior beauty, dignified his form
With added amplitude, and pour'd his curls
Like hyacinthine garlands from his brows.

Cowper. Homer. Odyssey, b. xxiii.

Name to me yon Achaian chief for bulk Conspicuous, and for port. Taller indeed I may perceive than he, but with these eyes Saw never yet such dignity and grace.-Id. Ib. Iliad, b.iii. In one of the apartments of the palace is a performance that does great honour to the ingenious spouse of a modern dignitary; a copy in needle work of a Madonna and Child, after a most capital performance of the Spanish Murillo. Pennant. London, p. 33. See DIAGNOSTICK.

DIGNOTION. DIGRE'SS, v. Fr. Faire une Digression; DIGRESSION. It. Digredire; Sp. Digredir; DIGRE'SSIONAL. Lat. Digredi, digressum, to go DIGRESSIVE. apart or away from, (compounded of dis, (qv.) and gradiri, which Vossius thinks may be Hebrew, and Scheidius from obs. Gr. rep-ew; Lat. Gerere.) See CONGRESS.

To go apart or away from; to wander or go astray; to deviate, to depart or separate from; to turn aside, to diverge.

But how this toune came to distruction
Ne falleth not to purpose me to tell

For it were a long digression.—Chaucer. Troilus, b. i.

But now must I make a digression

To tell shortly as in sentement

Of thilke knight that Tideus hath sent
Into Thebes.

Lidgate. The Story of Thebes, pt. ii.

If they be of mine annoynted and beare my marke, disgresse them, I would say disgraduate them, and (after the example of noble Antiochus ii. Mach. vii.) pare the crownes and fingers of them, and tormet them craftly, and for very paine make them deny the truth.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 134. Or when I shall giue euidence, or rather declame against an hainous murtherer, I may digresse from the offence done, and enter in praise of the dead man, declaring his vertues in most ample wise.-Wilson. Arte of Rhetorique, p. 184. But to retourne againe to Babilon, from whence the digressio hath ben made.-Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 303. We seek only to be free of involuntary impositions. But to return to the argument of restraint, from whence I am a little digressed. State Trials. Great Case of Impositions, an. 1606. Moreover she beginneth to digresse in latitude, and to diminish her motion from the morne rising. Holland. Plinie, b. ii. c. 17.

And here I might a just digression make,
Whilst of some four particular knightes I spake,
To whom I owe my thankes; but 'twere not best,
By praysing two or three, t' accuse the rest.

Corbet. To the Lord Mordant.

But let that pass at present, lest
We should forget where we digrest,
As learned authors use, to whom

We leave it, and to th' purpose come.-Hudibras, pt. i. c.1. The digressions I cannot excuse otherwise, then by the confidence that no man will read them, who has not at least as much leisure as I had when I writ them; and whosoever dislikes or grows weary of them, may throw them away. Sir W. Temple. On the Gout.

But of all the bugbears by which the infantes barbati, boys both young and old, have been hitherto frighted from digressing into new tracts of learning, none has been more mischievously efficacious than an opinion that every kind of knowledge requires a peculiar genius or mental constitution, framed for the reception of some ideas, and the exclusion of others.-Rambler, No. 25.

Unfortunate in the choice of his subject, he seems fearful of supplying its defects by digressional embellishments.

Headley. On Daniel's Poems.

The poet's intention certainly was not to censure the false refinements of their stage-music; but in a short digressive history (such as the didactic form will sometimes require) to describe the rise and progress of the true.

Hurd. Notes on the Art of Poetry. DIGUE. Fr. "A ditch, bound or bank; a jetty, dam or mount, raised up for a defence against the incursions or inundations of water,' (Cotgrave.) See DIG.

The people ran into so great despair that in Zeland they absolutely gave over the working at their digues, suffering the sea to gain every tide upon the country; and resolving (as they said) rather to be devoured by that element, than by the Spanish soldiers.

Sir W. Temple. On the United Provinces. The learned hydrographer, Fournier, speaks of those dams and digues (as he calls them in his language) which are sometimes made in the sea to secure shipping. Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 421. Lat. Dijudicare, (dis, and judicare;) judicare, quod jus dicatur.

DIJUDICATE, v. DIJUDICATION. DIJUDICANT.

To deem or doom, to sentence, to give sentence or opinion, to decide, to determine.

The church of Rome, when she commends unto us the authority of the church in dijudicating of Scriptures, seems only to speak of herself.-Hales. Remsins, p. 260.

So then the senses, phancy, and what we call reason it self, being thus influenced by the bodies temperament, and little better than indications of it; it cannot be otherwise, but that this love of ourselves should strongly incline us in our most abstracted dijudications.

Glanvill. Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 13.

And if great philosophers doubt of many things, which popular dijudicants hold as certain as their creeds, I suppose ignorance itself will not say, it is because they are more ignorant.-Id. Ib. c. 23.

These things, I say, I could here subjoin in confirmation of what I have been saying, to show that the disposition of the organ is of great importance in the dijudications we make of colours.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 674.

He [Glanville] did not blame the use of Aristotle in the

Universities among the junior students, but did altogether disapprove the streightness and sloath of elder dijudicants, from whom a more generous temper might be expected. Wood. Athena Ozon.

DIKE, v. A. S. Dic-ian, fossam foderc, i. e. DIKE, n. to dig a ditch. To make a trench, DIKERS. ditch, dyke or moat, (Somner.) See DIG, and DITCH.

To dike, is now, to dig. A dike, that which is digged or dug. In some counties, that which is dug out, (sc.) the mound or bank formed by digging out is called the dike or ditch; but generally, the cavity left. See DIGUE, and the quotation below from Cowley.

Now dos Edward dike Berwik brode & long.
R. Brunne, p. 272.
Now is Edward left Berwik for to dike,
The Scottis er risen eft, Inglond to bisuike.-Id. p. 273.
Do reise vp thin engyns, & wyn of tham thise dikes.
Id. p. 173.
Alle Crystyne people
To delve and dike a deop diche al aboute unite.
Piers Plouhman, p. 385.
Thei shulden deluen, and dyken, and dongen the erthe.
Id. Crede.

It were better dike and delue,
And stande vpon the right feith,
Than knowe all that the Bible seith,
And erre, as some clerkes doo.--Gower. Con. A. Prol.

Whan they were redy they wente to their churches and toke the crosses and baners, and made thre batayls, and in euery batayle ten thousande fyghting men, and came to a narowe passage well diked nere to ye place where their enemyes shulde lande. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 212.

The third day of our journey, they brought us to a town of their owne, seated near a faire river on the side of a hill, environed with a dike of eight foot broad and a thicke mud wall of ten foot high, sufficient to stop a sudden surprizer. Sir Francis Drake Revived, p. 51.

It is God that breaks up the floodgates of so general a deluge, and all the art then and industry of mankind is not sufficient to raise up dikes and ramparts against us.

Cowley. On the Government of Oliver Cromwell. Just as if from one water-house there should be pipes conveying the water to every house in a town, and to every room in each house; or from one fountain in a garden there should be little channels or dikes cut to every bed, and every plant growing therein, as we have seen more than once done beyond the seas.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. ii.

DILA'CERATE. Lat. Lacerare; Gr. AakDILACERATION. ζειν, cum crepitu rumpi.

Fr. Dilacérer—

To rend or tear in pieces

For at the steringe of errours and faultes of ye clergye, discorde may be inflammed and kindled, many ruynes, many dilaceracions & diuisions with other inconueniences may folowe (say thei) which will bring forth greter hurtis and breed worser thinges.-Joye. Exposicion of Danieì, c. 11. Struggling to come forth, [the infant] dilacerates and breaks those parts which restrained him before.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 6. What vast sacks and bags are necessary to contain such a collection of water, which seems to issue from the lym

phæducts either dilacerated or obstructed, and exonerating themselves into the foldings, or between the duplicatures of the membranes.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. ii.

Now although in hot countryes, and very numerous conceptions, in the viper or other animals, there may sometimes ensue a dilaceration of the parts, yet this is a rare and contingent effect, and not a natural and constant way of exclusion.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 16.

All the riddles of Sphinx have two conditions annexed: viz. dilaceration to those who do not solve them; and empire to those that do.

Shaw. Bacon's Mythology of the Ancients. DILA'NIATE, v. Bullokar and Cockeram both have "Dilaniation, a tearing in pieces." Lat. Dilaniare; dis, and laniare, to tear.

For there be many perverse men which do dilaniate the flock of Christ: yea, and of them which seem to be pillars, or bearers up of the church; which do rather diminish the faith, than any thing augment it.

Strype. Memorials. Hen. VIII. an. 1535. DILAPIDATE, v. DILAPIDATION.

DILAPIDATOR.

Fr. Dilapider; Sp. Dr. lapidar; It. Dilapidare ; lapis ;) Gr. Aaas, a stone; proprić (says Vossius) Lat. Dilapidare, (dis, and lapides dissipare, et disperdere; to scatter or dis

perse stones.