For these commaundementes are but the verye lawe of Moses (the draffe of the Phareseis gloses clensed out) interpreted according to the pure word of God. Tyndall. Workes, p. 200. The all maner Monkes and Fryers and like draffe took dispensations of hym for the ordinaunces of theyr old fouders. Id. Ib. p. 359.

No, give them grains their fill,

Husks draff to drink and swill.

If they love lees, and leave the lusty wine,
Envy them not their palates with the swine.

Jonson. The Just Indignation of the Author.

Not feeding the people with husks and draffe, with colocynths and gourds, with gay tulips and useless daffodills, but with the bread of life, and medicinal plants springing from the margin of the fountations of salvation.

Bp. Taylor, vol. iii. Ser. 10.

The dregs and draffy part, disgrace and jealousie,
I scorn thee, and contemn thee.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Island Princess, Act iv. sc. 1. Which all within is drafty sluttish geere,

Fit for the oven, or the kitchen fire.-Bp. Hall, b. v. Sat. 2.

DRAFT. Draw or draugh, drawed or draughed, draugh'd,draught, draft. (See DRAUGHT, and DRAW.) Lit.

Any thing drawn; as sea-charts, plans, &c. Any attraction.

Kyng Richard arose (for this communicacion had he sittyng on a drafte, a conuenient carpet for suche a counsail.)-Hall. Rich. III. an. 1.

So great a mistresse of her art shee was,
And perfectly practiz'd in woman's craft,
That though therein himselfe he thought to pass,
And by his false allurements wylie draft,
Had thousand women of their loue beraft,
Yet now he was surpriz'd.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 2.

These thoughts, I say, put our men on thinking where to go, and the drafts or sea-plats being first consulted, it was concluded to go to certain islands lying in lat. 239 north, called Piscadores.-Dampier. Voyages, an. 1687.

DRAG, v. DRAG, N. DRA'GGLE.

}

Written by Chaucer Drugge. A. S. Drag-an, trahere, vehere, to draw, to carry; Dut. and Ger.

Trecken; Sw. Drag-a. Draggle is the diminutive. To draw, pull, hale along.

And at the gate he proffer'd his service,

To drugge and draw, what so men would devise.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1418.

Yet doth frere Barns as farre outrunne him in rayling, as he draggeth behinde him in reasoning.

Sir T. More. Workes, p. 735. The saide liege people of the king may haue and enioy their free passage in the said riuer (that is to say, of the Seuerne,) with flotes and dragges, and all maner of marchandises, and other goods and chattels at their will, without disturbance of any.-Rastall. Old Statutes, p. 321.

Therefore they sacrifice unto their net, and burn incence unto their drag; because by them their portion is fat, and their meat plenteous.-Bible. Habakkuk, i. 16.

Howbeit their bodies were afterwards drawne foorth of the loch with drags.

Holinshed. History of Scotland. Malcolme, an. 1034. Others are dragg'd away, or must be driven, She only saw her time and stept to heaven.

Cartwright. On a Virtuous Young Gentlewoman

To which may be added the great riots, committed by the Foresters and Welsh on the dragmen of Severn, hewing all their boats to pieces.-Hale. H. P. C. c. 14. s. 7.

Cowper. Homer. Iliad, b. iii. Fr. Dragon; Sp. Dragon; It. Dragone, dracone; Lat. Draco; Gr. Aрakwv, from edpakov, by transposition for edaρkov, from deрKew, that is, BλETE, to see: quod dracones acute vident, immo et insomnes sunt; because they are keen-sighted, and ever awake, (Vossius.)

DRA'GONISH.

like the dragon, (Skinner.) Dragon,--the plant, so called because spotted

Out of the dragone's mouth twei leomes ther stode there.
R. Gloucester, p. 151.

In an isle, that called was Colcos
Beyond Troie eastward in the see
That there was a ram, that men might see
That had a flees of gold, that shone so brizt
That no where was there such an other sight
But it was kept alway with a dragoun.

Chaucer. Legend. Of Hypsiphile & Medea. Behold from Tenedos aloof in calm seas through the deepe (I quake to tell) two serpents great with foldyngs great do

sweepe.

And syde by side in dragons wise, to shore their way they make.-Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. ii.

This beastes dragonishe speache maye well be esteemed, and taken for none other but for ye bloudye, murtheringe, suspendynge, excommunicatinge and banysshinge of the good Emperor of the Grecians, because he dyd take al images out of the churches.-Udal. Reuelacion, c. 13.

Whom when they had taken knowledge of, by the purple ensigne of a dragon fitted to the top of a very high launce, as if it had been the pendant slough of a serpent, a certaine tribune of one troupe stood still, &c. Holland. Ammianus, p. 74. Eftsoones that dreadfull dragon they espide Where stretcht he lay upon the sunny side Of a great hill, himselfe like a great hill, But all so soone, as he from farre descride Those glistering armes, that heauen with light did fill, He rous'd himselfe full blythe, and hast'ned them vntill. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 11.

One that would wiser seeme then all the rest, Warn'd him not touch; for, yet perhaps remain'd Some ling'ring life within his hollowe brest, Or in his wombe might lurke some hidden nest Of many dragonets, his fruitfull seed.-Id. Ib. b. i. c. 12.

Instantly she gaue command

So when great Cox, at his mechanic call,
Bids orient pearls from golden dragons fall,
Each little dragonet, with brazen grin,
Gapes for the precious prize and gulps it in.

DRAGO ON, v. DRAGOʻON, n. DRAGO ONADE. DRAGO ONER. DRAGOONING, N.

Mason. An Epistle to Dr. Shebbcare,

In the decline of the empire, certain standard bearers were called Draconarii, i. e. bearers of the Standard of the Dragon. (See the quotation from Holland's Ammianus, under the word DRAGON.) And hence the name appears to have been perpetuated, after the cause had ceased. Skinner thinks that, in modern times, dragoons are so called because they are as destructive as dragons, and like them seem to vomit fire.

Reports and judgments will not do't,
But 'tis dragoons, and horse and foot:
Words are but wind, but blows come home;
A stout tongu'd lawyer's but a mome,
Compar'd to a stout file-leader.

Brome. On Sir G. B. his Defcat. Sir Nicholas Slanning with three hundred musqueteers, had fallen upon, and beaten their reserve of dragooners. Clarendon. Civil War, vol. ii. p. 283.

I do not doubt but you will easily imagine that if in Italy, Spain, Portugal, &c. the inquisition, and in France their dragooning, and in other parts those severities that are used to force men to the national religion, were taken away; and instead thereof the toleration proposed by the author were set up, the true religion would be a gainer by it.

Locke. Second Letter concerning Toleration.

She by degrees began to look upon me as a very silly fellow, and being resolved to regard merit more than any thing else in the persons who made their applications to her, she married a captain of dragoons, who happened to be beating up for recruits in those parts.-Spectator, No. 261. To which such clear answers were writ, that what effect soever that artifice might have, where it was supported by the authority of a great king, and the terror of ill usage, and a dragoonade in conclusion, yet it succeeded ill in England. Burnet. Own Time, an. 1686. The mode of inquisition and dragooning is going out of fashion in the old world; and I should not confide much to their efficacy in the new. Burke. On Conciliation with America.

Persecution is not more virtuous in a Protestant than a dragoons and his galleys, we ought, when power comes into Papist, and while we blame Lewis the Fourteenth, for his our hands, to use it with greater equity.

DRAIL. drag, (qv.)

Johnson. The Patriot, (1774.) Corrupted from draggle, the dim. of

The old man, whose tongue wags faster than his teeth
(For old age by nature doth drivell and draile)
Will stir and will fling like a dog in a string,

If he warm his cold blood with a pot of good ale.
F. Beaumont. The Ex-ale-tation of Ale.

If we would keep our garment clean, it is not sufficient to wash it only, unless we have also a continual care to keep it from drailing in the dirt.-South, vol. vi. Ser. 12.

DRAIN, v. DRAIN, n.

DRA'INER.

Skinner and Junius from Fr. Trainer; Lat. Trahere, to draw: Tooke from A. S. Dryg

DRA'INING, n. an, excutere, expellere, and, therefore, siccare, Drag, (y in dryg-an, being changed into a broad) is the regular past tense of dryg-an; by adding to it the participial termination en, we have drag-en, drag-n, dran or draen; applied to that by which any fluid (or other thing) is excussum or expulsum, shaken off or expelled. (See Tooke, ii. 225.)

Milton. Comus, v. 395.

To draw off, to cause to run or flow off, to ex

Get the palme, and beare away the prize
Touching this thing, set atwene vs tweine
Of life or death, which we shall dreine.

Lidgate. The Story of Thebes, pt. L Hence all land drained from the sea belongs, by the common law, to the crown (as Stanford says) de jure gentium. State Trials. Great Case of Impositions, an. 1606. He himself through terrour permitted those of Rome to exhaust and drain the wealth of England. Camden. Queen Elizabeth, an. 159.

Here also it receiueth the Baston dreane, Longtoft dreane, Deeping dreane, and thence goeth by Wickham into the Bea taking withall on the right hand sundry other dreanes. Holinshed. Description of Britaine, c. 15.

But I am informed that the drayners of the fenns have of late, with incredible care, cost, art, and industry, wrested the mace out of this bayliff's hand, and have secured this county against his power for the future.

Fuller. Worthies. Bedfordshire.

No marvell, if the drayning of water by descent doth make it fresh.-Bacon. Naturall History, § 2.

Who [the Phoenix] not by corn or hearbs his life sustains
But the sweet essence of amomum drains:
And watches the rich gums Arabia bears,
While yet in tender dew they drop their tears.
Dryden. Ovid. Met. b. xv.

It [the meat] was then laid in such a position as to permit the juices to drain from it, till the next morning, when it was again salted, packed into a cask, and covered with pickle.-Cook. Voyage, vol. vi. b. iii. c. 8.

DRAKE. 1. Sea drake, draco marinus, quia mare et fluvios ut draco terram populatur. 2. An engine of war, (q. d.) draco: because like a dragon it vomits forth fire, (Skinner.)

The common bird, perhaps from the Ger. and Dut. Dreck (dreg) mud; because it delights in mud.

And for to speaken ouer this,

In this parte of the aire it is,

That men full ofte sene by night

The fire in sondrie forme alight: Sometyme the fire drake it seemeth.

And as hee wolde awei fle

Gower. Con. A. b. vii.

His thoughte ther stode Diveles thre,

Al brennyng as a drake.-Ritson. Kyng of Tars, v. 408. Alon. You have scap'd by miracle, there is not in all Spain, a spirit of more fury than this fire drake.

Beaum. & Fletch. Rule a Wife & have a Wife, Act i. sc. 1. Play at duck and drake with my mony.

Id. The Chances, Act iv. sc. 2.

The twelfth is the dark drake fly, good in August, the body made with black wool, lapt about with black silk; his wings are made with the mil of a black drake, with a black head. Walton Angler, pt. i. c. 5.

But finding many to fall, and there was no probability of doing any good, they retreated, leaving two drakes behind them.-Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. i. p. 113.

DRAM, n. (See DRACHM.)

and metaphorically to

Applied literally

A very small portion or quantity.

Duke. I am sory for thee, thou art come to answere
A stonie aduersary, an inhuman wretch,
Vncapable of pitty, voyd, and empty
From any dram of mercie.

Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act iv. sc. 1.
Thy face is no true table of thy mind:
And thou woldst neuer show thyselfe so kind,
Wert not thy thoughts are hatching some deceit :
Whi'st with vaine hopes thou go'st about to fill me,
I wot whereto those drams of fauour tend,
Lest by my death thy cruelties should end,
Thou think'st by giving life again to kill me.

Stirling. Aurora, Son. 43.

Dramaticall, or representative [poesy] is as it were, a visible history; for it sets out the image of things, as if they were present; and history, as if they were past.

Bacon. On Learning, by G. Wats, b. li.

But God Almighty is that skilful dramatist, who always connecteth that of ours which went before, with what of his follows after, into good coherent sense; and will at last make it appear, that the thred of exact justice did run through all, and that rewards and punishments are measured out in geometrical proportion.

Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 2 879.

It helps to adorn the great drama and contrivances of God's providence, and ministers to excellent ends, tho' we, poor creatures, do little apprehend how it makes for them: as indeed it is impossible we should, unless we had the whole comprehension of things in our minds, and saw the entire scheme of God's government from the beginning to the end. Sharpe, vol. i. Ser. 13.

From hence, in my judgment, it proceeds, that as the Iliad was written while his spirit was in its greatest vigour, the whole structure of that work is dramatick and full of action.-Pope. On Homer, Postsc.

They are chiefly collected from his favourite author Cicero, who is known to have been an intimate friend of

Roscius the actor, and a good judge of dramatical performances, as well as the most eloquent pleader of the time in which he liv'd.-Spectator, No. 141.

This plea, though it might save me dramatically, will damn me biographically, rendering my book from this very moment, a professed romance. Sterne. Tristram Shandy, vol. ii. c. 8. But the only poet, modern or ancient, who in the variety of his characters can vie with Homer, is our great English dramatist.-Beattic. Moral Science, pt. iv. c. 1. s. 5.

DRAPE, v. DRA'PER.

DRA'PERY.

Draper, Skinner says, from the Fr. Drapier; It. Drappiere, panni mercator, (Sp. Trapere; DRA'PET. Dut. Drapiere,) from the Fr. DRA'PING, n. Drap, pannus, (It. Drappo; Sp. Trapo; Mid. Lat. Drappa, drappus. See Du Cange, and Spelman. Dut. Drapieren, exercere lanificam,) either, Skinner adds, from the verb, draper, to polish or fine wool by the art of the fuller; or from trampeten, to trample upon, tread upon; or from the Lat. Trapetum: trapetum itself is from Tраπ-e, to tread.

to

"Fr. Draper,-to make or work cloath; dress or full cloath; (Fr. Fouler, to tread,) to beat or thicken, as cloath in the fulling. Of draperie, Cotgrave says, also, "a flourishing with leaves, and flowers in wood, or stone, used especially in the heads of pillers, and tearmed by our workmen drapery or cilery." In statuary or painting it is applied generally, to

The dress, the fall or flow of the dress.

Ich have mad meny knyght. bothe mercer and draper.
Piers Plouhman, p. 99.

For Spanish wooll in Flaunders draped is,
And euer hath bee.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 188.
By drapering of our wooll in substance
Liven her commons, this is her gouernance,
Without wich they may not liue at ease.-Id. Ib. p. 189.

Cornehyll warde was sessyd at ccc. xv. li. wherof John Colynge & Robert Manhale, drapers, bare that one c. li. and ye laste. c. marke, & the rest was leuyed of xx. persones of ye sayd warde.-Fabyan, vol. ii. an. 1339.

And so they repayred ye towne in certaine places, and determined to abyde the Heynowes, [Hainaulters] and to defende the towne, the which was a gret towne and full of drapery.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 45.

He [Hen. VII.] made also statutes for the maintenance of draperie, and the heeping of wools within the realme:-not prescribing prices, but stating them not to exceede a rate: that the clothier might drape according as he might afford. Bacon. Hen. VII. p. 76.

When they come
Begin you first, and let the rest subscribe
Hard by your side; give 'em as little light
As drapers do their wares.

Beaum. & Fletch. Woman's Prize, Act iv. sc. 1. Complaint was made in all humble manner, of many disorders, outrages, and oppressions committed upon occasion of letters patents granted to the Duke of Lenox, for searching and sealing of stuffs and manufactures, called by the name of new draperies.

State Trials. Great Case of Impositions, an. 1606. Such the use thereof [Fuller's earth] in drapery, that good cloth can hardly be made without it, foreign parts affording neither so much, nor so good of this kind. Fuller. Worthies. Bedfordshire.

Thence she them brought into a stately hall,
Wherein were many tables faire disspred,
And ready dight with drapets festiuall,
Against the viands should be ministred.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ll. c. 9. They had, however, outward distinctics amongst themselves, the merchant's wife made a better appearance than the draper's, the draper's than the cheesemonger's, and the cheesemonger's beyond the handy-craft tradesman's. Female Taller, No. 24.

Dick Serge was a draper in Cornhill, and passed eight years in prosperous diligence, without any care but to keep his books, or any ambition but to be in time an alderman. Adventurer, No. 53.

It requires the nicest judgment to dispose the drapery, so that the folds shall have an easy communication, and gracefully follow each other, with such natural negligence as to look like the effect of chance, and at the same time show the figure under it to the utmost advantage. Sir J. Reynolds, Dis. 4.

He op'd his gates, the naked exile led Beneath his roof; a decent drapet throws O'er her cold limbs, and sooths her undeserved woes." Fitzosborne. The Transformation of Lycon & Euphormius.

DRA'STICK. Gr. Apaσтikos, able to act, efficacious. Applied to medicines acting strongly upon the intestines.

Within three or four days after this single taking of the drastick medicine had done working, he began to recover some degree of sight, and within a fortnight attained to such a one, that he himself assured the relater, he never was so sharp-sighted before his blindness.

Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 190. DRAUGHT, n. Į The past part. of Drag-an, DRAUGHT, V. Sto draugh, (now written, to draw.) Draughed, draugh'd, draught. See DRAFT, and To DRAW.

Any thing drawn.

Upon this past part. the verb to draught has been formed; which is almost entirely restricted to men, or bodies of men, drawn off, with-drawn, from any place; or to horses, cattle, &c. not unusually prefixed, as draught-beast, &c.

Brittrick hir lord, that scho nouht wiste,
Unwarned drank therof a drauht als him list.

It is

And tho' she [Medea] yafe hym drinke a drauhl,
Of whiche his youth agayne he caught
His head, his herte, and his visage

Liche vnto twenty wynter age.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

As for Democritus, he raised a great name of Apollonices Captidenes, and Dardanus of Phoenicia, as well by the books of Dardanus, his master, (which he fetched from out of his sepulchre, where they were bestowed.) as also by publishing commentaries of his owne, which were extracts and draughts out of those authors and their writings.

Holland. Plinie, b. Xxxx. c. 1.

And thus poetry and the writer's art, as in many respects it resembles the statuary's and the painter's, so in this more particularly, that it has its original draughts and models for study and practice; not for ostentation, to be shown abroad, or copy'd for publick view.

Shaftesbury. Advice to an Author, pt. i. s. 3 Such are thy pictures; Kneller, such thy skill, That nature seems obedient to thy will; Comes out, and meets thy pencil in the draught: Lives there, and wants but words to speak her thought. Dryden. To Sir Godfrey Kneller.

No less than forty thousand Negroes are annually imported on the king's account, to dig the mines; and we were credibly informed, that the last year but one before we arrived here, this number fell so short, probably from some epidemic disease, that twenty thousand more were draughted from the town of Rio.-Cook. Voyages, vol. i. b. i. c. 2.

As this plan was taken from the Spaniards, I cannot answer for its accuracy, but having seen two or three other Spanish draughts of the place, I conceive, by comparing them together, that this I have here inserted is not very distant from the truth.

Anson. Voyage round the World, b. ii. c 10.

DRA

A. S. Drag-an, (see DRAG, and DRAUGHT,) to draw, pull or hale.

DRAW, v. DRA WER. DRA WEE. DRAWING, n. To draw is opposed to, to push to push denotes a motion from; to draw, a motion to or towards: it is distinguished from, to lead to draw, includes physical force; to lead, does not. See DRIVE.

To draw away from; to abstract; (met. to detract,) to abduce.

To draw to or towards; to attract, to induce, to allure, to entice.

To draw in, to inhale; to draw out, to exhale. To draw out of; to extract, to educe, to exhaust.

To draw out; to protract; to produce; to deduce or derive, and also to prolong, to delay.

To draw, (sc.) a line or superficies; to delineate, to describe, to sketch, to depicture, to portray.

To draw out, (sc.) in writing; to write, to set or put down; to sketch, (sc.) certain thoughts or notions; to take them from books or writings; and thus, also, to describe or delineate; to compose.

To draw off or withdraw, to retire, to retreat. Drawing-room,-a room to which the company or part of the company withdraw, or retire from another room or apartment.

Tuelf ger he byleuede tho here wyth nobleye y nou; And heuxte [higheste] men of mony loudes aboute hym vaste drou.-R. Gloucester, p. 180.

Alle the north ende was in his kepyng,

& alle the southe ende tille Edmunde thei drouh.

R. Brunne, p. 32. These lolleres latche draweres, [drawers of latches] lewede

eremytes

Coveyten the contrarie.-Piers Plouhman, p. 157.

And he wente and drough him to oon of the cyteseynes of that cuntre, and he sente him into his toun, to feed swyn. Wiclif. Luk, c. 15.

And sith thend is euery tales strength
And this mater is so behouely,
What should I paint or drawen it on length
To you that ben my frend so faithfully.

Chaucer. Troilus, b. ii.

The euen drauht of the wyer drawer, maketh the wyer to ben euen, & supply werching, & if he stinted in his drauht the wyer breaketh asonder.-Id. The Testament of Loue,b.iii.

But of vertu, whiche therof cam

Jason the dragon ouercam :

And he anone the tethe out drough,

And set his oxen in his plough.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

Slouth,

The fourth drawer and the norice

To man of many a dreadfull vice

Hath yet another last of all, [sc. desperatio]
Whiche many a man hath made to fall.-Id. Ib. b. iv.

And Chrisostome sayth very well, God draweth vnto him, but he draweth the willing. For God will haue our good will, to be ioyned with his calling.

Wilson. The Arte of Logike, fol. 76.

And there shall not cease to bee of you, bondemen and hewers of woode, and drawers of waters vnto the house of my God.-Bible, 1551. Joshua, c. 9.

They haue their wynes, spyces, and good breed, and we haue the drawyng out of the chaff, and drinke water.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 381.

He cast him downe to ground, and all along
Drew him through durt and mire without remorse
And fouly battered his comly corse.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 5.
The finest drawn work cuff that ever was worn.
Tourneur. The Revenger's Tragedy, Act ii. sc. 1.

So that this victorie chanced to King Henrie, without the drawing foorth of his sword and in such wise, that he could not haue wished for better or more speedie successe therein. Holinshed. Hen. II. an. 1171.

Of this nature are the spirit of obsignation, belief of par ticular salvation, special influences, and comforts coming from a sense of the spirit of adoption, actual fervours, and great complacencies in devotion, spiritual joyes, which are Attle drawings aside of the curtains of peace and eternity, and antepasts of immortality.

Bp. Taylor. Liberty of Prophesying, s. 3.
Or thick as insects play,
The wandering nation of a summer's day,
That, drawn by milky steams, at evening hours,
In gather'd swarms surround the rural bowers.
Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. ii.

DRAWL, v. DRAWL, n.

Milton. Colasterion.

Lloyd. The Actor.

DRAY, n. A. S. Drag-an, to draw, (qv.) Barrett has, "A dray or sledde, which goeth without wheels." Also applied to—

A carriage with low, heavy wheels, dragged heavily along, as a brewer's dray.

We had proved there were 1400 weight of match, besides a dray-load more of match in the castle itself, when surrendered.-State Trials, an. 1643. Colonel Fiennes.

The Earl of Warwick himself, though he ventured to marry his grandson to one of Cromwel's daughters, would not be persuaded to sit with Col. Hewson and Col. Pride, whereof the one had been a shoemaker, and the other a dray-man and had they driven no worse trade, I know not why any good man should refuse to act with them. Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 139.

To descend lower, are not our streets filled with sagacious dray-men, and politicians in liveries ?-Spectator, No. 307.

The morning came, when neighbour Hodge,
Who long had mark'd her airy lodge,
And destin'd all the treasure there
A gift to his expecting fair,

Climb'd like a squirrel to his dray,

And bore the worthless prize away.-Cowper. A Fable.

DRA'ZEL, or A dirty slut, (South.)—
DRO'SSELL. Grose and Ray.

Now dwels ech drossell in her glass
When I was yong, I wot

On holly-dayes (for seldome els
Such ydell times we got)

A tubb or paile of water cleere
Stood vs insteede of glas.

Warner. Albion's England, b. ix. c. 47.
Who takes it for a special grace
To be their cully for a space,

That when the time's expir'd, the drazels
For ever may become his vassels.-Hudibras, pt. iii. c. 1.

DREAD, v.

DREAD, adj. DREAD, n. DRE'ADER. DRE'ADING, n. DREADINGLY. DREADFUL. DREADFULLY. DREADFULNESS. DRE'ADLESS. DRE'ADLESSNESS.

"A. S. Adread-an, timere, to to fear, to be afraid; dread or stand in fear of," (Somner.) Ic hit eom,

nellen ge eoth on-drædan. Yam-nyle ye drede, (Wiclif, Mark, c. 6.)

Dread-ful; full of dread or fear; fearful, timorous: also, causing dread, awe, fear; frightful,terrible,awful. Dread-less; without dread, fear, or doubt. Out of drede,-out of doubt. See DOUBT.

Syre noble erl, he sede, & ge noble knygtes also,
Myd God wylle ic thanky gou, as ic wel aute do,
That ge me so muche loue shewyth & kun dede,
And syweth me in such pereyl, & in dethe's drede.

R. Gloucester, p. 452. And an dreduol dragon from the west come myd hym to fygte.-Id. p. 202.

Edward told William of Alfred all the case,
And praied him of help, for he dred harder pase.
B. Brunne, p. 52

Mercy suld non haue Symon on his sonnes,
No raunson suld tham saue for doute of drede eftsones.
Id. p. 220.
The stones were of Rynes, the noyse dredfulle & grete.
It affraied the Sarazins.
Id. p. 174.
The count nat of cursyng. ne holy churche dreden.
Piers Plouhman, p. 136.

Ge sholde rath deye
Than eny dedliche synne do. for drede othr for pyere.
Id. p. 121.
Asyde he gan drawe
And dreadfulliche with drow hym. and dorst go no nerre.
Id. p. 324.

Lo the Aungel of the Lord apperid in slep to him and seide Joseph the sone of David nyle thou drede to take Marie thy wyf, for that thing that is born in hir is of the Hooly Goost.

Wielif. Matt. c. 1.

And whan he saw his time, anon right he
With dredful herte and with ful humble chere
Salued hath his soveraine lady dere.

Id. The Frankeleine's Tale, v. 11621.

Ful tenderly beginneth she to wepe
She rist her vp, and dreadfully she quaketh
As doeth the branche that Zephirus shaketh.
Id. Legend of Hypermnestre.

For dredelesse me were leuer die
Than she of me aught els vnderstood
But that, that might sownen into good.

Id. Troilus, b. ii.
For dredelesse it is nat worth the while.-Id. Ib. b. v.
The poet of Thrace Orpheus, maked the hartes and
hyndes to ioynen dreadlesse her sydes to cruel lions.
Id. Boecius, b. iii.

Wherof thei dreden hym the more,
And brought nothynge to his ere,

But if it trouthe and reason were.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii.

Oh! membre of false Babylon!

The shop of craft, the denne of ire! Thy dredful dome drawes fast uppon: Thy martyres blood by sword and fyre In heaven and earth for justice call.

Surrey. Against London.

The residue [of the Bible] (with the New Testament) is to be reuerently touched, as a celestiall iewel or relyke, hauynge the chiefe interpretour of those bokes, trewe and constant faith, and dreadfully to set hands thereon, remembryage Oza-Sir T. Elyot. Governour, b. i. c. 11.

Sometymes makynge them afrayed with dreadfulnes of the great judgement that was to come, eftsones appeasyng them.-Udal. Actes, c. 4.

If ye shal vpō the dreading of man, grow cleane out of kinde from the sinceritee of preaching the ghospel: while ye labour to eschew light & transitorie misaduentures, ye shall fall into harmes for euer to endure.-Id. Luke, c. 12.

That dreadlesse hart which durst attempt the thought
To win thy will with mine for to consent,
Maintaines that vow which loue in me first wrought;
I loue thee still, and neuer shall repent.

Gascoigne. Flowers, the Constancie of a Louer.

But the lion, seeing Philoclea run away, bent his race to her ward, and was ready to seize himselfe on his prey, when Zelmane (to whom danger then was a cause of dreadlessness, all the composition of her elements being nothing but fiery) with swiftnesse of desire crossed him, and with force of affection struck him such a blow upon his chine, that she opened all his body.-Sidney. Arcadia, b i.

And thou away, the very birds are mute;
Or if they sing, 't is with so dull a cheer,
That leaves look pale, dreading the winter's near.

Shakespeare, son. 97.

And let be seene
That dreaded night in brightest day hath place,
And can the children of faire light deface.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 5. [Dr. Hammond] chearfully went; telling the person that happen'd to be present, whose dreads in his behalf were not so easily deposited, that he should be as much in God's hands in the sick man's chamber as in his own.

Fell. Life of Dr. Hammond.

Be well aware, quoth then that ladie milde, Least suddaine mischiefe yee too rash prouoke: The danger hid, the place vnknowne and wilde Breeds dreadfull doubts.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 1.

Who rising vp at last in ghastly wise, Like troubled ghost did dreadfully appeare As one that had no life him left through former feare. Id. Ib. b. vi. c. 7.

He that never repents till a violent fear be upon him, till he apprehend himself to be in the jaws of death, ready to give up his unready and unprepared accounts, till he sees the judge sitting in all the addresses of dreadfulness and majesty, just now (as he believes) ready to pronounce that fearful and intolerable sentence of [go ye cursed into everasting fire;] this man does nothing for the love of God, nothing for the love of virtue.-Bp. Taylor, pt. ii. Ser. 6.

Mistrustfully he trusteth, and

He dreadingly did dare,

And fortie passions in a trice

In him consort and square.

Warner. Albion's England, b. vi. c. 33.

A mightie lyon lord of all the wood,

Hauing his hunger throughly satisfide,

With pray of beasts, and spoile of liuing blood Safe in his dreadless den him thought to hide.

Meantime, from every region of the sky Red burning bolts in forky vengeance fly; Dreadfully bright o'er seas and earth they glare, And bursts of thunder rend th' encumber'd air. Brome. Ecclesiasticus, c. 42. By thine agony and bloody sweat.-This was the first scene of his dolorous passion, and is a great demonstration of the dreadfulness of his sufferings.

Comber. Companion to the Temple, pt. ii. s. 2.

Back on his son the father looks,
Praising his swift and even strokes,
Now dreadless, with bold art supplied,
He does on airy billows ride
And soar with an ambitious pride.

King. Art of Love, pt. vi. painful apprehension of some tremendous event. Dread is a degree of permanent fear: an habitual and Cogan. On the Passions, c. 1. s. 3. And now as we are strangely apt to apply every thing wrong, too many, instead of the extreme of despondency, run into that profane boldness: and are very near looking upon sin, as nothing to be dreaded.-Secker, vol. i. Ser. 26. "His blood, said they, be on us, and on our children," a most fatal imprecation, and most dreadfully fulfilled upon them at the siege of Jerusalem, when the vengeance of heaven overtook them with a fury unexampled in the history of the world; when they were exposed at once to the horrors of famine, of sedition, of assassination, and the sword of the Romans.-Porteus, vol. ii. Lect. 22.

Long tyme ich slepte

of gurles and of glia laus [glory and praise] gretliche me
dremede.-Piers Plouhman, p. 339.

How Daniel dymnede, and undude the dremeles
Of King Nabugodonosor.-Id. p. 163.

Let who so list a fole me call
For this trow I, and say for me
That dremes signifiaunce be

Of good and harme to many wights,
That dremen in her slepe a nights
Ful many things couertly

That fallen after all openly.-Chaucer. Rom. of the R.
No dreme, quod he, may so my herte agaste,
That I wol leten for to do my thinges.

I sette not a straw by thy dreminges,
For swevens ben but vanitees and japes.

Id. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 15,095.

And other while I dreme, and mete,
That I alone with hir mete,
And that daunger is lefte behynde.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv.

And he awoke out of his sweuen,
And clepeth, and men come anone,
And told his dreme.-Id. Ib. b. ii.

Moreouer Joseph dreamed a dreame, and tolde it vnto his bretheren: wherfore they hated them yet the more, and he sayde vnto them: heare, I pray you, this dreame which I haue dreamed.—Bible, 1551. Genesis, c. 37.

And when they sawe him afarre of before he came at them,

Spenser. Visions of the World's Vanity, 10. they toke coucel against him, for to sley him, and sayde one

Was this a face

To be expos d against the warring winds?
To stand against the deep dread-bolted thunder.

Shakespeare. King Lear, Act iv. sc. 7.

If we desired his favour, and dreaded his displeasure above all things, we should overcome almost all temptations.

Comber. Companion to the Temple, pt. ii. s. 3.

A threatning rod did his dread right hand poize,
A badge of rule and terrour o'er the boys.
Otway. Windsor Castle.

to another; Beholde this dreamer cōmeth.-Id. Ib.

They rather preferre their owne fancies before others experience, and deeme their owne reason to be comon welth, and other mens wisedome to be but dreaminge.

Sir J. Cheke. The Hurt of Sedition.

Two gates of sleepe there be, the one men say is made of horne,

Wherthrough by passage soft do sprites ascende with senses right.

That other gate doth shine, and is compact of yuery bright.

But false deceitful dreames that way the soules are woont to send.-Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. vi.

Ah, silly man who dream'st that honour stands
In ruling others, not thyself! thy slaves
Serve thee, and thou thy slaves:-in iron bands
Thy servile spirit with wild passions raves.

P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, c. 8. Thoughts are but dreams till their effects be tried. Shakespeare. The Rape of Lucrece. Dreams follow the temper of the body, and commonly proceed from trouble or disease, business or care, an active head and a restless mind, from fear or hope, from wine or passion, from fulness or emptiness, from phantastick remembrances or from some Dæmon good or bad.

614

Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 9.

Diviners, dreamers, schoolmen, deep magicians,
All have I try'd and all gave several meaning.

Beaum. & Fletch. Women Pleased, Act iv. sc. 1.

And when we look upon this, we dreamingly affirm, that every thing that is, must of necessity be in some place and possess a certain room and space, and that whatsoever is not somewhere, either in earth or in heaven, is nothing. Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 771.

Likewise all other nations except the savages of Mount Atlas in Barbary, which were reported to be both nameless and dreamlesse.--Camden. Remaines. Names.

When choler overflows, then dreams are bred
Of flames, and all the family of red;
Red dragons, and red beasts in sleep we view,
For humours are distinguish'd by their hue.

Dryden. The Cock and the Fox. I grant that the soul of a waking man is never without thought, because it is the condition of being awake: but whether sleeping without dreaming be not an affection of the whole man, mind as well as body, may be worth a waking man's consideration; it being hard to conceive, that any thing should think, and not be conscious of it.

Locke. Hum. Und. b. ii. c. 1. The dreams of sleeping men are, as I take it, all made up of the waking man's ideas, though for the most part oddly put together.-Id. Ib.

The vision said: and vanish'd from his sight:
The dreamer waken'd in a mortal fright:
Then pull'd his drowsy neighbour, and declar'd
What in his slumber he had seen and heard.

Dryden. The Cock and the Foz. very naturally lie within the shadow of the dream-tree, 88 He [Virgil] then gives us a list of imaginary persons, who being of the same kind of make in themselves, and the materials (to use Shakspeare's phrase) the stuff of which dreams are made.—Tatler, No. 154.

But Christ himself neither saw a vision or dreamed a dream, but had intimate and immediate communication

with the Father; he was in the Father's bosom; he and no

man else, had seen the Father.

Sherlock. Works, vol. iv. Dis. 6.

While Reason sleeps, bending the vigour
Of manly actions down, through mournful shades
Of listless pleasing woe, she [Melancholy] impious leads
The dreamful fancy.

Mickel. The Siege of Marseilles, Act v. sc. 1. Even the remembrance of our dreamings will teach is some truths, and lay a foundation for a better acquaintance with human nature, both in the powers and in the frailties of it. Watts. The Improvement of the Mind, pt. i. c. 2. "Tell me no more of fancy's gleam, "No, father, no, 'twas not a dream; "Alas! the dreamer first must sleep, "I only watch'd, and wished to weep; "But could not, for my burning brow "Throbb'd to the very brain as now."

DREAR, adj. Drear, n. DRE/ARY.

DRE'ARILY.

DREARIMENT.

DRE'ARINESS.

DREARYHEAD.

Id. The Black Knight.

For vnto wo accordeth complaining
And doleful chere vnto heauinesse
To sorow also, sighing and weping
And pitous mourning vnto drerinesse.-Id. Ib.
And then he rose with drery chere
And goeth hym forth.-Gower. Con. 4. b. vii.
And since the storye is both new and trew,
A dreary tale much like these lottes of myne
I will assaye my muze for to renewe,
By ryming out his frowarde fatall fine.

Gascoigne. Weedcs. The Fruit of Fetters

Or wherefore telles my toung, this drearye doleful taleThat euery eare might heare my grieefe and so bemone

my bale.-Gascoigne. Complaint of the Greene Knight. So that we were faine to cut our cables and hang ouer boord for fenders, somewhat to ease the ship's sides from the great and driry strokes of the yce.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 41.

He at the length was slaine, and lay'd on ground:
Yet holding fast 'twixt both his arms extended
Faire Pastorell, who with the self-same wound
Lanc't through the arme, fell downe with him in drery
swound.-Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 11.

Ah my deare daughter, ah my dearest dread,
What vncouth fit, said she, what euill plight
Hath thee opprest and with sad drearyhead

Changed thy liuely cheare, and liuing made thee dead!
Id. Ib. b. iii. c. 2.

Onely what next to strifefull Hyle borders,
Particular visables deaths drearyhood
Can seize upon.-More. On the Soul, pt. ii. b. i. c. 4. s. 9.

With folded hands and knees full lowly bent

All night she watch't, ne once adowne would lay
Her dainty limbs in her sad dreriment,
But praying still did wake, and waking did lament.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 11.

There an huge heape of singults did oppresse
His struggling soule, and swelling throbs impeach
His foltring tongue with pangs of drearinesse,
Choaking the remnant of his plaintife speach,
As if his dayes were come to their last reach.

Id. Ib. b. iii. c. 11.

His heart was drear, his hope was cross'd, 'Twas late, 'twas far the path was lost

That reach'd the neighbour-town.

In the houses we refreshed ourselues, and were all imbarked to come away, and then had sight of a brigandine or a dredger, which the general tooke within one houres chase with his two barges.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 586.

In the month of May the oysters cast their spaun, (which the dredgers call their spats,) it is like to a drop of candle, and about the bigness of a halfpenny.

Sprat. History of the Royal Society, in Pennant.

In the month of May, the dredgers (by the law of the Admiralty court) have liberty to catch all manner of oysters, of what size soever.-Id. Ib.

Most of our coasts produce them [oysters] naturally, and in such places they are taken by dredging, and are become an article of commerce, both raw and pickled. Pennant. British Zoology. The Oyster.

DREG, n. DRE'GGY. DREGGISH.

Ger. Dreck and druse; Dut. · Dreck and droessem; Sw. Drægg; Eng. Dregs, dross; A. S. Dresten, fæces, dreggs, lees, grounds, or thick substance of any thing settled in the bottome. A. S. Dros, sordes, fæx, filth, dreggs, lees, drosse, (Somner.) Wachter thinks from the Goth. Driusan, (A. S. Dreos-an,) to fall, and applied to that which falls, sinks, or settles to the bottom. Applied, consequentially, to,

The foulness, or filthiness, the muddiness "of any thing settled in the bottom." Any thing foul, sordid, low, base, mean, worthless.

For ich couthe selle

Alecto's breast with rage and envy glows,
To see the world possess'd of sweet repose.
Down to the dreary realms below she bends,
There summons a cabal of sister fiends.

King. Rufinus, or the Favourite.

Ye think, I doubt not, of a homeward course;
But Circe points me to the drear abode
Of Proserpine and Pluto, to consult
The spirit of Tiresias, Theban seer.

Cowper. Homer. Odyssey, b. x.

I see, where late the verdant meadow smil'd,

A joyless desert, and a dreary wild.

Sir W. Jones. An Elegy from Petrarch.

Passing on through the dreariness of solitude, we found a party of soldiers from the fort working on the road, under the superintendence of a sergeant.

Johnson. A Journey to the Western Islands.

DREDGE, v. DREDGE, n. DREDGING, or DRUDGING-BOX.

Dredge (Mr. Grose says) is a mixture of oats and barley, now little sown. Used met. by Holland and Brende, for a mixture or medley. By the latter, perhaps, for dreg.

To dredge or drudge, is-to scatter flour, sand, dust, &c.

Onely the Athenias, which euer defended obstinately the lyberties of their comon wealth, & which had not been accustomed to liue vnder the obedience of any, but vnder the lawes & customes of their country, would not agree, y1 suche dredge of men [colluvionem hominum] should liue amongst the.-Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 293.

Your husband in an age was rising by burnt figs dreg'd laredg'd] with meal and powdered sugar.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Scornful Lady, Act ii. sc. 1. Dredge you a dish of plovers, there's the art on't. Id. The Bloody Brother, Act ii. sc. 1.

And verily like as our naturall seed (as Zeno said) is a certain mixture and composition, derived and extracted from all the powers and faculties of soul; even so, in mine opinion, a man may say that choler is a miscellane seed (as It were) (uvenepura) and a dredge, made of all the passions of the mind.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 108.

He shall be published, with all his comments, useful glosses, and indexes, of a vast copiousness, with cuts of the basting-ladles, dripping-pans and drudging boxes, &c. lately dug up at Rome, out of an old subterranean scullery. King. Art of Cookery, Let. 5. A dredge, or dredge-net, is a drag or drag-net. Dut. Dregh

DREDGE, v. DREDGE, R. DREDGER.

net.

To dredge, is to drag.

The oysters (besides gathering by hand, at a great ebb] haue a peculiar dredge; which is a thick strong net, fastned to three spils of iron, and drawne at the boates sterne gathering whatsoeuer it meeteth lying in the bottome of the water. Carew. Suruey of Cornwall, fol. 30.

So that there is nothinge that stoppeth this matter, save only a few fryers, and such like, which, with the dregges of our Englishe papistrie lurkinge amonges them, studye nothing els but to brewe battaile and strife betwixt both the people. Ascham. Works, p. 111. Toxophilus.

Troy. What too curious dreg espies my sweete lady in the fountaine of our loue! Shakespeare. Troil. & Cress. Act iii. sc. 2.

And yet we see in her such pow'rs divine,
As we could gladly think, from God she came :
Fain would we make him author of the wine,
If for the dregs we could some other blame.

Davies. Immortality of the Soul, s. 6.

As if one should attend only to this earth, which is but the lowest and most dreggy part of the universe.

Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 880.

And in England, I believe our much use of strong beer, and gross flesh, is a great occasion of dregging our spirits, and corrupting them, till they shorten life. Feltham, pt. i. Res. 95.

To give a strong taste to this dreggish liquor, they fling in an incredible deal of broom or hops, whereby small beer

is rendered equal in mischief to stronge.

Harvey. On Consumptions. But with timely care Shave the goat's shaggy beard, lest thou too late In vain should'st seek a strainer to dispart The husky, terrene dregs, from purer must. J. Philips. Cider, b. ii. Aireen, a Saracen philosopher and Mahometan in profession, speaks with abhorrence of those dreggy low delights, and on the contrary asserts, that the height of happiness is in the perfections of the soul united to God.

Bates. The Christian Religion proved by Reason, c. 1. This manner, however, of drawing off a subject, or a peculiar mode of writing to the dregs, effectually precludes a revival of that subject or manner for some time for the future; the sated reader turns from it with a kind of literary nausea.-Goldsmith. Citizen of the World. Let. 96. DRENCH, v. A. S. Drenc-an, adrencan; merDRENCH, n. gere, immergere, ingurgitare, to drown, plunge, or overwhelm, to drench, (Somner.) See DRUNK.

Dreint,-drenched, drench'd, drencht, drent or

dreint.

To merge or immerge, to soak or steep, to souse or plunge, to drown, or overwhelm. A drench,-any thing drunken.

Stakes of yrn mony on he pygte in Temese gronde,
Aboue scharpe & kene ynow, bi nethe grete & ronde
That, gef ther eny schippes come er me y war were,
Heo schulde piche hem thoru out & a drenche hem so
there.-R. Gloucester, p. 51.

He gef hym a luther drench, & tho he hadde dronke yt so,

So that Homber Kyng of Hungri seththe bigan to f
Into a gret water ther, & a dreynt hym self with schame
R. Gloucester p. 24.

And after that the kyng deyde thorgh a drenche whiche vnwytyng the quene he dranke of hure makyng. R. Brunne, p. 12. Note.

As some hongen hem self, and othr. while drencheth. Piers Plouhman, p. 174.

But whoso sclaundrith oon of these smale that bileven in me, it spedith to him that a mylne stoone be hanged in his necke and he be drenchid in the depnesse of the see.

Wiclif. Matthew, c. 18. The flok was cast down in the see a tweye thousand, and thei weren dreynt in the see.-Id. Mark, c. 5.

O death, sens with this sorowe I am a fire
Thou either doe me anon in teares drenche
Or with thy cold stroke mine harte quench.

Chaucer. Troilus, b. iv.

Wel may men know, it was no wight but he
That kept the peple Ebraike fro drenching,
With drye feet thurghout the see passing.

Id. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 1909.

Min is the drenching in the see so wan.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2458,

What helpeth it to wepen full a strete
Or though ye both in salt teares drent
Bet is a time of cure aie then of pleint.-Id. Troil. b. iv.
Him thought a man stood by his beddes side,
And hem commanded, that he should abide.
And said him thus; if thou to-morrow wende,
Thou shalt be dreint; my tale is at an end.

Id. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 15,088

The stone was worth all other thinge :
He said, whiles he wold it weare,

There might no perill hym dere:

In water maie it not be dreint.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

The shipmen stoode in suche a fere,

Was none that might himselfe bestere
But euer awaite vpon the lere

When that thei shulden drenche at ones.-Id. Ib. b. viii.

And this mischieuous membre, the tongue, is so farre outrageously wylde, and violent: nether is it vnruly only, but also drenched with deadly poyson.-Udal, James, c. 3.

We, sayle not now in a still and a quiet sea: but we have bene drenched and in a manner drowned with some stormes alreadie; and therefore we ought to have exceeding great care, and be wel advised aforehand, whom we have to be the steeres man.-Holland. Livivs, p. 514.

Some with lettice-caps, some posset-drinks, some pills, Twenty consulting here about a drench.

Beaum. & Fletch. Thierry & Theodoret, Act v. sc. 1. Pet. But what is't? French trash, made of rotten grapes, And dregs and lees of Spain, with Welsh metheglin, A drench to kill a horse!

Massinger. Great Duke of Florence, Act ii. sc. 2. Which would not only retard my course, but endanger sickness also among my men; especially those who were ill provided with cloths, or were too lazy to shift themselves when they were drench'd with the rains.

Dampier. Voyage, an. 1699.
Good shepherds after sheering, drench their sheep
And their flocks father (forc'd from high to leap)
Swims down the stream, and plunges in the deep.
Dryden. Virgil, Geor. 3.

A drench of wine has with success been us'd;
And through a horn, the gen'rous juice infus'd
Which timely taken op'd his closing jaws;
But, if too late, the patient's death did cause.-Id. Ib.
And now, Mars, driven from the dreadful field,
That he had drench'd with blood. Jove's awful spouse
And Pallas, reascending sought the skies.

Cowper. Homer. Iliad, b. v. Efficient causes may be exciting and disposing, as when hunger excites a horse to eat, or a farmer holds hay to his mouth: but when a farrier constrains him to take a drench, this is a compelling and constraining cause.

DRESS, v. DRESS, n. DRE'SSER. DRE'SSING, n.

Watts. Scheme of Ontology, c. 10.

Fr. Dresser; It. Drizzare; Lat. Dirigere, to direct, to set right or in order. See AD

DRESS.

do.-Id. p. 151.