To eat that which feedeth, to take or receive food or nourishment; to supply, provide or give food or nourishment; to graze, to pasture, to foster; to pamper, to glut. Feeders, in our dramatic writers, is a term applied to servants or dependants, whose great pleasure or business was to feed or eat. See EATERS. That men with the bestes in feldes thei tham fedde. R. Brunne, p. 7. & saue gour other fodes, to maynten my partie.-Id. p. 261. He gaf Godes men goodes. and nat to grete lordes And feddeth that a fyngrede [a hungered] wher. Piers Plouhman, p. 289. And tho that fynden me my fode, vochen saf ich trowe To be wol come wan ich come.-Id. p. 77. And whanne thei hadden eten, Iesus seith to Symound Petir, Symound of Joon louest thou me more than these? he seith to him, ghe Lord thou woost that I loue thee. Iesus seith to him, fede thou my lambren.-Wiclif. Jun, c. 21. When they had dined Jesus sayde to Simon Peter: Simon Joanna louest thou me more than these? He sayde vnto him: yea Lord thou knowest that I loue thee. He sayde vnto hym: fede my lambs.-Bible, 1551. Ib. O good lady (qd. I then) see now how seuen yeare passed and more, haue I graffed and groubed a vine and with all the waies that I coud, I sought to a fede me of the grape, but fruite haue I none found. Chaucer. The Testament of Loue, b. i. That he ne shal, so mote I go, An other is, of that I here. With eager feeding, food doth choake the feeder. Millon. Paradise Lost, b. v. The father of the people open'd wide The climate [Boeotia] not much befriended by the heavens, bitants partaking of its influence, gross feeders and fat witted, for the air is thick and foggy; and consequently the inhabrawny and unthinking.-Id. Life of Plutarch. But as there is a sacramental feeding and a spiritual feeding; and as the spiritual is the nobler of the two, and of chief concern, and what the other principally or solely looks to, I conceive it will be proper to treat of this first. Waterland. Works, vol. vii. p. 101. Id. Ib. Whose neck whan Sibly sawe with startling snakes to swelling fixt: A soppe of bread with sleepy feedes, and hony sweete commixt Against his throte she threw. Phaer. Virgill. Æneidos, b. vi. Therefore ye whome I haue chosen to be the kepers and feders of my flocke must diligently take hede of all suche. Udal. Matthew, c. 7. Pastours, or feeders they are not, for they feede not: doctours or teachers they are not, for they teache not. Jewell. Defence, p. 637. The hypocrites hath loste their more than pryncely habitacions, theyr monasteries, couentes, hospitalles, prebendaries and chaunteryes, with theyr fatte fedyng and warme couches, for yl gotten good wyl home agayne. Bale. Image, pt. i. The sute in the courte of Fraunce is longe when they liste, and right well they canne foode forthe the people to make theym spende moche, and bringe lytell to effecte. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 132. And in the vii. plenteous yeres they made shewes & gathered vp al the fode of the vii. plenteous yeres which were in the lande of Egypte & put it into ye cytyes. Bible, 1551. Genesis, c. 41. And though he fall under foot. he shall not lie, Catching his hand for Ged shall straight him stay Nor yet his seed foodless seen for to be.-Wyatt, Ps. 37. And in his lappe a masse of coyne he told, And turned upside downe, to feede his eye And covetous desire with his huge threasury. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 7. Then feed on thoughts, that voluntarie move For know, whatever was created, needs To be sustained and fed: of elements To pluck and eat my fill I spar'd not, for such pleasure till that hour For swinish gluttony Dryden. Horace, Epode 2. During th' autumnal heats th' infection grew, Tame cattle, and the beasts of nature slew. Poisoning the standing lakes, and pools impure; Nor was the foodful grass in fields secure. Id. Virgil, Georg. 3. Were both constrain'd to wield, Foodless, the scythe along the burthen'd field; Or should we labour, while the ploughshare wounds, With steers of equal strength, th' allotted grounds: Beneath my labours how thy wondering eyes Might see the sable field at once arise. Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. xviii. The foodless wilds Pour forth their brown inhabitants. All the time he lived at Brecknock, which is a very poor town, about sixty necessitous people, truly indigent, were fed with meat, or served with money every Lord's day at dinner time.-Nelson. Life of Bp. Bull, s. 87. Thomson. Winter. Walk in, walk in, (so Prudence votes,) Green. The Spleen. 'Tis art and toil Dyer. The Fleece, b. ii. The democratick commonwealth is the foodful nurse of ambition.-Burke. Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs. FEEL, v. FEEL, n. FE'Eler. FEELING, n. FEELINGLY. A. S. Felan; Dut. Voel-en; Ger. Fulen; which Wachter, after Martinius, derives from the Lat. Vola, manus, the hand. To have or receive sensations or feelings restrictedly, from the sense of touch; generally, from any of the senses; to perceive, to be sensitive or sensible, (properly, sentient,) to be Id. Ib. b. ix. percipient. Id. Ib. b. v. Ne'er looks to heav'n amidst his gorgeous feast, Id. Comus. Now servants he has kept, lusty tall feeders, [He] felde well that he was hoole of the fallyng euelle. R. Brunne, App. to Pref. p. cc. For he ghyueth lyf to alle men, and brething and alle thingis, and made of oon al the kynd of men to enhabite on al the face of the erthe, determynynge tymes ordeyned & teermys of the dwellyng of hem, to seke God, if perauenture thei felen hym eyther fynden, though he be not fer fro ech of ghou. Wiclif. Dedis, c. 17. Seyng he himselfe geueth lyfe and breath to all men euery where and hathe made of one bloude all nacyons of menne, for to dwell on the face of the earth, and hath assigned before howe longe tyme, and also the endes of their ihabbitacyon, that they shoulde seke God, if they myght fele and fynde hym, though he be not farre from euery one of vs. Bible, 1551. Acts, c. 17. Only the intellect, withouten more, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2807. And if that he may feten out of drede, Id. The Second Nonnes Tale, v. 15,623. All togither I was rauished, I cannot tell how, but wholy al my passions and feelings weren loste, as it semed for the time. Id. The Testament of Loue, b. i. So felingly thou spekest, sire, I aloue the If that thou live. For man of soule resonable And like to beast he hath felyny, Gower. Con. A. b. iv. And like to tres he hath growyng.-Id. Ib. Prol. For he feeleth not the power of faith, not ye working of the Spirite in his hart, but enterpreteth the Scriptures which speake of fayth and workes after his owne blynd reason & foolish fantasies, & not of any feeling that he hath in his hart.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 66. Methinkes I heare hir speake, methinkes I see her still, Thither by harpy-footed Furies hal'd. Are brought and feel by turns the bitter change Their soft ethereal warmth.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii. Iach. Had I this cheeke To bathe my lips vpon: this hand, whose touch, (Whose very touch) would force the feeler's soule To th' oath of loyalty.-Shakes. Cymbeline, Act i. sc. 7. Max. He endures beyond The sufferance of a man. Sap. No sigh nor groan, To witness he hath feeling. Massinger. The Virgin Martyr, Act v. sc. 1. There is not a living creature throughout the world, but hath the sence of feeling, although it have none else. For even oisters and the earth wormes, if a man touch them, doe evidently feele.-Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 71. I have heard Massinger. The Bashful Lover, Act v. sc. 1. It is a long time, commonly, before men come to have a right clear sense and feeling of law and justice, and of the rules of society.-Waterland. Works, vol. ix. p. 30. The words of men leaving the world make usually the deepest impressions, being spoken most feelingly, and with least affectation.-Bates. Dr. Thos. Jacomb's Funeral Serm. This tomb, inscrib'd to gentle Parnell's name, May speak our gratitude, but not his fame. What heart but feels his sweetly moral lay, That leads to truth through pleasure's flow'ry way. Goldsmith. Epitaph on Dr. Parnell. Pressing my hand with force against the table, I feel pain, and I feel the table to be hard. The pain is a sensation of the mind, and there is nothing that resembles it in the table. The hardness is in the table, nor is there any thing resembling it in the mind. Feeling is applied to both; but in a different sense; being a word common to the act of sensa tion, and to that of perceiving by the sense of touch. Reid. Ess. 2. c. 16. Yet he [Rousseau] knew How to make madness beautiful, and cast FEIGN, . FE'IGNEDLY. FEIGNEDNESS. FE'LNTISE. tation. Fr. Feindre; Sp. Fingir; It. Fingere; Lat. Fingere, which Scaliger (de Causs. c. 87) thinks is the same (detractâ aspiratione) as pingere. Est igitur fingere, exprimere imitatione veram rem; to express the true thing by imi To portray or image, (sc.) a likeness or resemblance; to imagine or invent, contrive or pretend, (sc.) a likeness or resemblance; and thus, to dissemble, or give or display a false appearance, a false colouring. Ac he feynede hym somdel syk, & ney the see to be, She feined hire, as that she muste gon Ye han erred also, for ye han maked no division betwix youre counseillours; this is to sayn, betwix youre trewe frendes and youre feined counseillours. But ye pretended but a feigned reuerence towardes John, whose witnesse cocerning me ye do not belieue, and ye doe shew your selues to regarde the saiynges of the prophetes but feignedly, in that ye do now persecute him whom they haue promised.-Udal. John, c. 5. Meaning that they were so naught, and so fainedly made their praier to false Gods, without mind to amend their naughtie life, that the liuing God would not leaue them vnpunished, though they cried out neuer so fast. Wilson. The Arte of Rhetorique, p. 202. King Ethelred required peace with the Danes, promising to them stipendes and tribute; to the which they fainingly assented, but they never left their cruelties. Stow. West Saxons, an. 1011. Why? Lucill lyude who euer vsde, all fayners to detecte With satyres sharpe, and quippies rounde, Of deth he neuer rackt.-Drant. Horace, b. ii. Sat. 1. He stayd his steed for humble miser's sake, Who feigning then in every limb to quake Out of a love and desire, to sequester a man's selfe, for a higher conversation such as is found, to have been falsely and fainedly, in some of the heathen; as Epimenides the Candian, Numa the Roman, Empedocles the Sicilian, and Appollonius of Tyana.-Bacon. Ess. Of Friendship. A poet is that, which by the Greeks is call'd kar' efoxny, ins, a maker or a fainer: his art, an art of imitation, or faining; expressing the life of man in fit measure, members, and harmony, according to Aristotle: from the word otev, which signifies to make, or fayne. B. Jonson. Discoveries. And these three voices differ, as the thing done, the doing, and the doer; the thing fained, the faining, and the fainer: so the poeme, the poesy, and the poet.-Id. Ib. Picture tooke her faining from poetry: from geometry her rule, compasse, lines, proportion, and whole symmetry. Id. Ib. The church is not the school of feignednesse and hypocricy, but of truth and sincerity. Harmar. Translation of Beza's Sermon, p. 39. VOL. I. It is not lawful indeed to contradict a point of History which is known to all the world; as for example, to make I haue red in writyng, and herde of my predecessours, and haue seene of my neighbours, that the abundance of Hannibal and Scipio contemporaries with Alexander; but felicitee hath caused cruell enuie to bee in many. in the dark recesses of antiquity, a great poet may and Dryden. A Discourse on Epick Poetry. The mind by degrees loses its natural relish of real solid And, ruffled more, delighted less, To those once charming seats below; To drive away, to rout; and thus, to beat, to See the commentators on Shakespeare; Gif- R. Brunne, p. 192. Bishop Turbervil recovered some lost lands, which Bishop FELE. Goth. Filu; A. S. Fela; Ger. Viel; See Feil, in Jamieson. FELICITATE, v. And nowe so fele shippes this yeere there ware, Good fortune, good hap, happiness; good suc- To felicitate,-to confer happiness or cause to In that citty virtue shall never cease, R. Gloucester, App. p. 584. For certes, lord, so wel us liketh you Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale, v. 7985 And of this constillation Auaileth, if a man therin The purpose of his werke begin. Good spede and great felicitee.-Gower. Con. 4. b. vii. 777 Golden Boke. I [Cromwell] shall pray, that that most noble Imp, the My selfe an enemy to all other ioyes, In your deere highnesse loue.-Shakes. Lear, Act i. sc. 1 And all the way as they passed along the capital, the castle, and other temples, they besought the Gods, as many as were presented to their eye, as many as they could conceive in their minds to vouchsafe that squadron to be attended upon with good successe and fortunate felicitie, and soone to returne home againe in safetie, to their nativo countrie and loving parents.-Holland. Livivs, p. 78. That life may be more comfortable yet, And all my joys refin'd, sincere and great; Is it because liberty in the abstract may be classed amongst the blessings of mankind, that I am seriously to felicitate & madman, who has escaped from the protecting restraint and wholesome darkness of his cell, on his restoration to the enjoyment of light and liberty? I sincerely rejoiced to hear of your advancement to the That this pleasure [eating] depends, not only on our being in the possession of the sense of taste, which is different from any other, but upon a particular state of the organ in which it resides, a felicitous adaptation of the organ to the object, will be confessed by any one, who may happen to have experienced that vitiation of taste which frequently occurs in fevers, when every taste is irregular, and every one bad.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 26. Is that faith and obedience, which constitute us the disciples of Christ, less uniformly productive of good? did faith ever violate civil peace; or obedience impair domestic felicity-Warburton. Works, vol. ix. Ser. 1. Bartholomew Dandridge, son of a house painter, had great business from his felicity in taking a likeness. Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iv. c. 3. FELL."Wherever you fare by frith or by fell," occurs (says Skinner) in Juliana Barns: sive per sylvam, sive per campum. Fell is felled, field. The sylvans that about the neighbouring woods did dwell, FELL. Sw. Fiaell; Ger. Fels. Ray (Gloss. Northan.) explains Fell, mons, a mountain; and refers to the Scholiast upon Aristophanes. Ihre and Wachter both refer to λλes, (in Suidas,) h. e. TOTAL TETρWdeis, loca petrosa, montana: and the former says, that both peλxes and (in Hesychius) palai, montes et speculæ, seem to be of the same family with fell. The Sw. Fiaell (Ihre) is properly, A ridge of mountains or rocks. May it not be A full, a descent, a declivity? So may our ewes receive the mounting rammes; B. Jonson. Pan's Anniversarie, Hymn 4. On a nearer approach appeared, farmers and their families, esquires and their daughters, hastening up from the dales, and down the fells from every quarter, glittering in the sun, and pressing forward to join the throng. FELL, adj. Gray. Letters. To Dr. Warton, A. S. Felle; Dut. Fel; Fr. Felle, felon; It. Fello, fellon. The A. S. Felle, Somner says, is Crudelis, cruel, fell; it. bilis, gall, anger, FE'LLY, ad. choler, melancholinesse. The Lat. Fel, Vossius thinks, is from the Gr. Xoλn, x into f. It is used as the FE'LLON. Fr. Felle,-cruel, fierce, furious, untractable, outragious," (Cotgrave.) "Fellon, so called from the fierceness, the keenness, of the pain," (Skinner.) 5 G The parties wer so felle altercand on ilk side, That non the soth couth telle, whidir pes or werre sulde Bot God that is of myght, & may help whan he wille. Ther n'is ywis no serpent so cruel, Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7584. For me fortune so felly list dispose Id. The Floure of Curtesie. Vncertaine Auctors. The Golden Meane. The kyng loked felly on theym, for greatly he hated the people of Calys for the gret damages and dyspleasures they had done him on the see before. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 146. O let him far be banished away, And in his stead let Love for ever dwell! Sweete Love, that doth his golden wings embay In blessed nectar and pure pleasures well Untroubled of vile feare or bitter fell. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 11. The she-beare, a most fell, savage, and cruell beast, bringeth forth her young whelps, withoute forme or fashion, unknit and unjoynted, having no distinct limbs or members to be seene.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 179. A feller grief Than ever skilful hand did give relief Beaum. & Fletch. The Faithful Shepherdess, Act ii. sc. 1. It is neither a rich patrician's shooe that cureth the gout in the feet, nor a costly and precious ring that healeth the whitlaw or felon in the fingers; nor yet a princely diadem that easeth the headach.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 120. Like as a curre doth felly bite and tear He was neither given to greedie extortion or over-fiercely and felly bent, or hotly set upon doing mischief. Holland. Ammianus, p. 49. Als when his brother saw the red blood rayle Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 8. The same wild beast, notwithstanding they be always raging, yet become mild and leave off all their outrageous felnesse for the space of those scven ceremonious holy days, wherein the priests at Memphis celebrate the nativitie of Apis.-Holland. Ammianus, p. 212. Fell Arcite like an angry tyger far'd, But so soone as the Russians had felled the woods and Yet did he [January] quake and quiver like to quell, Spenser. Faerie Queene, c. 7. Of Mutabilitie. For as most of them were felled and strucken starke dead, Two high brow'd rockes on eyther side begin, Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. ii. s. 3. Thus you will have a copse, ready for a felling within And looking underneath the sun Like lightning flam'd their fauchions to and fro, FELL, n. A. S. Fell; Goth. Fill; Dut. Vel; The skin or hide. And said he and al his skinne atones In this xxiiii. yere, the kyng, for ye great warre that he Vives. The Instruction of a Christian Woman, b. i. c. 2. Macb. The time has beene, my senses would have cool'd As life were in't.-Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act v. sc. 5. A prince is the pastor of the people. Hee ought to sheere, FELLOE. A. S. Falge. The iron wherewith Inraga at first, he scorn'd so weak a jail, And leapt, and flew, and flounced to and fro; FELL, v. FELLER. Thomson. The Castle of Indolence. A.S. Fyllan, gefyllan; Dut. Vellen; Ger. Faellen; Sw. Falla ; FE'LLING, n. to cause to fall. To fall or cause to fall; to strike, throw, or hurl down; to knock down; to hew down. For he and Tytus ys sone of oure Lord vnderstoode, And wende to Jerusalem and that toun felde to grounde. The burgeis of London were wrothe & stoute, R. Brunne, p. 48. Maple thorn, beche, ew, whipultre, And the facion of the wheeles was like the facion of a Hickes (Gram. Anglo-Sax p. 6.) from the A. S Folg-ian, filig-ean, to follow and in this etymo logy, Minshew, Skinner, and Serenius are unani Fellow, Ihre (in v. Falage) is uncertain. mous. then, (lit.) is A follower; a companion, an associate; one with whom others match or mate, suit or pair, unite or consort. And to fellow, is To match or mate, to pair. To hys felawes he wende anon, & had hem hardi be; The barons & the kyng were mad felauhes & frendes, And seyen, if we hadden ben in the daies of oure fadris, we schulden not have be her felowis in the blood of profetis. Wiclif. Matthew, c. 23. If we sein that we han felawschip with him, and we wandren in derknessis, we lien and doen not treuthe; but if we walkin in ligt as also he is in ligt we han felswhip togidre, and the blood of Iesu Crist his sone cleasith us to al synne.-Id. 1 Jon, c. 1. So wel they loved, as olde bokes sain, That whan that on was ded, sothly to telle, His felaw wente and sought him doune in helle. Hast thou not herd (quod Nicholas) also Id. The Milleres Tale, v. 3539. He had a felowe bacheler, Thei trusse, and muche other thynge, Thei fled, and went away by ship. Id. Ib. b. 1. Where, thoughe they had offended, youe shulde haue dis symuled and wynked at it, to the intent that that, which we yet reteigne vnder the forme of a fellowlike lyuynge, should not be tourned unto hostylytie and enmitye. Nicolls. Thucidides, fol. 82. Haue ye seen any thyng more low or basse in worldely acceptacion, any thing more poorer, more meke, more felowe lyke with the people, and more ferther remoued frō all lykenesse of a kyngdome.-Udal. Luke, c. 24. But Artabasus with those of who he had ye charge, & with the Greeke souldiers, tooke the way towardes Parthina, thinkyng to be more sure any where then in the felowship of those traitours.-Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 132. Thou coactiue art, And fellow'st nothing.-Shakes. Winter's Tale, Act i. sc. 2. Let me rather be disliked for not being a beast, then be good-fellowed with a hug, for being one. Feltham, pt. i. Res. 84. And Hipothebs, whose wel-built wals, are rare, and fellowless.-Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. ii. Holy Gonzallo, honourable man, Mine eyes ev'n sociable to the shew of thine · Of fellowship I speak, I must also add, that if the last Æneid shine amongst its Dryden. Postscript to Virgil If eating and drinking be natural, herding is so too. any appetite or sense be natural, the sense of fellowship is the same.-Shaftesbury. Ess. on Freedom, &c. s. 2. And oft I wish. amidst the scene to find Some spot to real happiness consign'd, Where my worn soul, each wand'ring hope at rest, Goldsmith. The Traveller. As we must give away some natural liberty to enjoy civil advantages; so we must sacrifice some civil liberties, for the advantages to be derived from the communion and fellowship of a great empire. Burke. Speech on Conciliation with America. FE'LON, n. FE'LON, adj. FELONIOUS. FELONIOUSLY. FE'LONOUS. FE'LONY. Skinner says, either from the A. S. Felle; Fr. Fellon; It. Fellone, crudelis, cruel, fell; or from feah, beneficium, stipendium; and Ger. Lon, pretium, (sc.) the crime that is punished by loss or forfeiture of the fee. Hickes (Gram. Franco Theo. p. 95) is of the former opinion; and Spelman favours the latter: according to Hickes, the forfeiture of the fee was an incidental punishment, adjudged to the felness, cruelty or atrociousness of the crime. According to Spelman, this forfeiture was the cause of the imposition of the name upon the crime so punished. Vossius (de Vitiis, p. 202) proposes the Ger. Faelen, vel feelen, errare, delinquere, cadere; this etymology is noticed by Spelman, and rejected by Wachter; quia non explet mensuram criminis. The common usage among our older writers, as well as amongst the French, confirms the opinion of Hickes. "Fr. Fellonnie,-felness, curstness, despightfulness, ire, anger; untractableness, cruelty, unmercifulness, outragiousness; also, disobedience; treachery, treason; any such hainous falshood or offence, committed by a vassal against his lord, or by a subject against his soveraign, whereby he loses, or is worthy to lose, his estate," (Cotgrave.) And see the quotation from Blackstone. Vor al that the felon hath, the kinges it is. Notorious lons, and which openly be of euil name, & will not put themselues in enquests concerning the felonies that men shal lay to their charge before the justices at the king's suite, shall be sent backe to strong and hard imprisonment, as they which refuse to be iustified by the common lawe of the land.-Rastall. Statutes, p. 170. Felonie. He ask'd the waves, and ask'd the felon winds Else. O thievish night, Id. Comus. The wicked rable (I say) and offscouring of the base multitude (not to be reckoned) committed such fellonious out rages, as forced men to naile up covers and cases before these faire lights and beautiful prospects. Holland. Plinie, b. xix. c. 4. An argument much like this in substance. No man ought to rise up against an honest officer or captaine in the due execution of his office, when he offers him no injury at When, suddenly casting aside his view, Id. Virgil's Gnat. Sir, I arrest you at your Country's suit, For stealing what was her propriety, Yourself, from hence.-Carew. To Master W. Montague. The gentlemen, and other commons of the kingdome R. Gloucester, p. 471. might haue thought their ancient libertie, and the clemencie of the lawes of England inuaded, if the will in any case of felonie should be made the deed.-Bacon. Hen. VIII. p. 65. He bythoughte him of feloyne, and lette him arme there. Mid armes of Brytones, as he of this lond were.-Id. p. 63. In the courte of France he was cald a feloun. R. Brunne, p. 206. Now the bode is gon to France Arthure is dede, And somond haf thie Jon, to Philip courte him dede, To tak his jugement of that felone. Id. p. 207. Id. Ib. b. iv. Though I no death to the deserue, Here shall I for thy loue sterue, Here shall I a kyng's sonne die For loue, and for no felonie. Wha he [Tanner] had thus contynued a season, not without some rumoure in the lande, lastelye he was takyn out of that place and caryed as a felon vnto Northampton, and there reygned and iudged for his falsenes and soo drawen and hangyd.-Fabyan, vol. ii. an. 1315. Then like a woolfe most vehemente agaynst him, and his foo Incens'd, with fellon fasting face he flings, and fayreth so, The councter captaines standerd straighte he swayed to the ground. Drant. Horace. Epistle to Julius Florus. They sayd it was falsely and felonously done, to assemble the rychesse of the realme, and to sende it into other straŭge contreys wherby the realme was greatly impouerysshed. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 94. And so the said jury hathe sworn vpon the holy Euangelist, yt the sayde William Horsey, clercke, Charles Joseph, and John Spaldynge, of their set malice then, & their, felonyously kylled & murthered the sayde Richard Hun, in the maner and forme abouesayde.-Hall. IIen. VIII. an. 6. But he the king of heaven, obscure on high, Dryden. To Sir Robert Howard. The next accusation is particular to me,-"That I the said Bays would falsely and feloniously have robbed Nat. Lee, of his share in the representation of Oedipus." Id. Vindication of the Duke of Guise. Lord Hyde. We are to look to that which is according to law; the goods of a man that is accused of felony (he is but only so yet) he forfeits none of his goods, until convict; more than that, he is to live upon them during his trial. State Trials, an. 1664. Col. Turner & Others. The fact is the same in all,-the death of the man is the imputed crime; but the intention makes all the difference; and he who killed him is pronounced a murderer, a single felon, or only an unfortunate man, as the circumstances by which his mind is deciphered to the jury show it to have been cankered by deliberate wickedness or stirred up by sudden passions. Erskine. Speech on the Trial of Lord George Gordon. Yes, Leila sleeps beneath the wave, But his shall be a redder grave; Her spirit pointed well the steel Which taught the felon heart to feel.-Byron. The Giaour. There could therefore be no doubt of his [Damarce] purpose and intention, nor any great doubt that the perpetration of such purpose was from its generality, high treason, if perpetrated by such a force, as distinguishes a felonious riot from a treasonable levying of war. Erskine. Speech on the Trial of Lord George Gordon. They declared it to be high treason to dispute the queen's authority, to deny that the parliament was competent to confine and limit the succession, and, finally, to render attempts to introduce a system, different from that which they had established by the laws, feloniously penal. Pill. Speech, November 17, 1795. If Lord Balmerino, in the last rebellion, had driven of the cattle of twenty clans. I should have thought it would have been a scandalous and low juggle, utterly unworthy of the manliness of an English judicature, to have tried him for felony as a stealer of cows. Burke. Leller to the Sheriffs of Bristol. Felony, in the general acceptation of our English law, comprises every species of crime, which occasioned at common law the forfeiture of land and goods. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 7. FELT, v. FELT, n. FE'LTRE, V. A. S. Felt; Dut. Vilt; Ger. Filz; Fr. Feultre, feutre; It. Feltro; Sp. Fieltro: LowLat. FE'TRE, n. ter says, it may be derived either from the Gr. Iλovv, arctare, densare, lanam cogere, or from the Lat. Villus or villosus. Skinner suggests to full, (qv.) Spelman calls it Pannus crassior ex pilis, proprie coactus, non textus; and see the quotation from Holland's Pliny. The word is probably a mere consequential usage of fell,— A hide, or skin; a covering. The poorer sort do line their clothes with cotto cloth which is made of the finest wooll they can pick out, & of the courser part of the said wooll, they make felt to couer their houses and their chests, and for their bedding also. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol i. p. 98. They make also of the said fell couerings for their stooles, and caps to defende their heads from the weather.-Id. Ib. Xenophanes saith, that the moon is a thick, compact, and felted cloud-Holland. Plutarch, p. 179. Or els verily as Anaxagoras affirmeth, by reason of violent winds getting close within the ground below; which when they happen to hit and beat upon the sides thereof, hard baked or felted together, finding no way of issue, shake those parts of the earth at which they entred when they were moist.-Holland. Ammianus, p. 89. It were a delicate stratagem, to shoo A troope of horse with felt.-Shakes. Lear, Act iv. sc. 6. Moreover, wool of itselfe driver together into a felt without spinning or weaving, serveth to make garments with: [Lanæ et per se coactam vestem faciunt,] and if vinegre be used in the working thereof, such felts are of good proof to bere off the edge and point of the sword, yea and more than that, they will checke the force of the fire. Holland. Plinie, b. viii. c. 48. His feltred locks, that on his bosom fell, On rugged mountains briars and thorns resemble. Fairefax. Godfrey of Bullogne, b. iv. s. 7. They put things call'd executorships upon me, The charge of orphans, little senseless creatures, Whom in their childhoods I bound forth to felt-makers, To make 'em lose, and work away their gentry. Beaum. & Fletch. Wit at several Weapons, Act i. sc. 1. FELUCCA. It. Filucca. "Fr. Falouque," which Cotgrave calls, "a barge, or a kind of bargelike boat, that hath some five or six oars on a side." "Falcatoria," says Du Cange, " a species of ship; perhaps the same with our felouque or falouque." Naples, 1645. Having well satisfied our curiosity among these Antiquities, we retir'd to our felucca, which rowed us back againe towards Plazzolo, at the very place of St. Paule's landing.-Evelyn. Memoirs. Letters from Genoa of the 14th instant, [April, 1709] say. that a felucca was arrived there in five days from Marseilles with an account that the people of that city had made an insurrection by reason of the scarcity of provisions. FEMALE, n. FEMALE, adj. FE'MINE. FEMININE, n. FEMININE, adj. FEMINAL. FEMINA'LITY. FEMINATE. Tatler, No. 6. Fr. Femelle, feminin; It. Femina, feminina; Lat. Femina, which Scaliger derives from Fortus, and fatus from oitav, coire; Vossius, from the ancient Lat. Feo, fetum, of the same meaning, i. e. coire, copulare, and therefore, gignere, parere; and thus, femina, that which beareth, which bringeth forth. And Female, whether animal or vegetable, FEMINITY. FEMINIZE. FE'ME-COVERT. O Soudannesse, rote of iniquitee, Virago, thou Semyramme the second, Of serpent under femininitee, Like to the serpent depe in helle ybound. Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4780. The males go with the female. Betwene loue and hire owne herte.-Gower. Con. A. b.iv. As soon as the man looked upon the femall of his kinde, he began to loue aboue all things, and saide: Now is this bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh. Vires. Instruction of a Christian Woman, b. li. c. 2. With halfe a bearde, as a feminate man. Golden Boke, Let. 14. So that as in Xerxes was to be sene a kinde of femine fearfulness, so in her was to be seene the kynde of manlye couragiousnesse.-Goldyng. Justine, fol. 18. When the hunts-men haue made prouision, & the eliphant is so entangled, they guide the feminines towards the palJace which is called Tambell. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 235. Affyrming that in the queene rested nothyng but fraude and feminine malice, which rulyng the kyng at her pleasure and will studied nothyng so muche, as the destruccion of the nobilitie, and peeres of the realme. Hall. Henry VI. an. 37. The ark is finish'd, and the Lord is wrath, The boy is faire, Drayton. Noah's Flood. Of femall fauour, and bestowes himself Shakespeare. As You Like It, Act v. sc. 1. But to Adam in what sort But keep the odds of knowledge in my power The which with pleasure so did her enthral, But nothing will be found of such extensive use for supplying the deficiences of Chaucer's metre, as the pronunciation of the e feminine, and as that pronunciation has been for a long time totally antiquated, it may be proper here to suggest some reasons for believing (independently of any arguments to be drawn from the practice of Chaucer himself) that the final e in our ancient language was very generally pronounced, as the e feminine is at this day by the French-Tyrwhitt. Ess. on the Language and Versification of Chaucer. Of higher birth he seem'd, and better days, No mark of vulgar toil that hand betrays, So femininely white it might bespeak Another sex, when match'd with that smooth cheek, But for his garb and something in his gaze, More wild and high than woman's eye betrays. Byron. Lara, c. 1. s. 27. By marriage the husband and wife are one person in law: that is, the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage, or at least is incorporated and consolidated into that of the husband: under whose protection, wing, and cover, she performs every thing; and is therefore called in our law French a feme-covert, fœmina viro co-operta.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 15. FEMORAL. Lat. Femur, the thigh, quia, says Perottus, ferat ac sustineat animal. Vossius, from the obsolete feo. Of or pertaining to the thigh. The largest crooked needle should be used in taking up the femoral arteries in amputation.-Sharp. Surgery. } FEN. Goth. Fani; A. S. Fenn; Dut. FE'NNISH. Venne. "Fen, or fan, is the past FE'NNY. tense, and therefore past part. of fyn-igean, (to corrupt, to decay, to wither, to fade, to spoil in any manner;) and means,-corrupted, spoiled, decayed, withered. In modern speech (Tooke continues) we apply fen only to Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ix. stagnated or corrupted water; but it was formerly applied to any corrupted, or decayed, or spoiled (Div. of Pur. ii. 61. 76.) Nisus is said, by G. Douglas, to fall grufeling (grovelling) amid the fen or beistes blude of sacrifyce. And in Lybeaus Disconus, Ritson, Met. Rom. ii. 64, (referred to by Dr. Jamieson,) And other suns perhaps, Id. Ib. b. viii. So if in the minority of natural vigour, the parts of feminality take place; when upon the encrease or growth thereof the masculine appear, the first design of nature is atchieved, and those parts are after maintained. Brown. Fulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 17. And while all things are judg'd according to their suitableness or disagreement to the fond feminine, we shall be as far from the tree of knowledge, as from that, which is guarded by the Cherubim.-Glanvill. Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 12. Yet the fourth time when must'ring all her wiles, With blandisht parlies, feminine assaults, Tongue-batteries, she surceas'd not day nor night To storm me over-watch't, and wearied out. Milton. Samson Agonistes. The serpent said to the feminized Adam, why are you so demure. More. Conject. Cabb. (1663.) p. 45. Now to dispose the dead, the care remains Pope, Homer. Odyssey, b. xxii. And feme-corerts to all mankind.-Hudibras, pt. fil. c.1. The caterpillar cannot meet her companion in the air. The winged rover disdains the ground. They might never therefore be brought together, did not this radiant torch direct the volatile mate to his sedentary female. Paley. Natural Theology, c. 19. On his ear the cry Of women struck, and like a deadly knell Byron. The Corsair, c. 2. s. 5. substance." And thorughout Synadowne Both maydenes, and garsfoun, Fowyll fen schull on the throwe. See the quotation from Gilpin. Grantebrugye and Hontyndone mest plente of deep fen. R. Gloucester, p. 6. He lyeth amōg the redes in the mosses, the fennes hyde hi with their shadowe, & the wylowes of the broke couer hym round about.-Bible, 1551. Job, c. 40. Also the mylk of beastes, fedynge in large pastures, and out of fennes and marshes, is better than of them whiche be fedde in lyttell closes, or in watry grounds. Sir T. Elyot. The Castel of Helth, b. ii. c. 20. It was not the northerne wind, whiche blustereth colde out of the cloudes: nor the southerne winde, that bryngeth warmthe with hym oute of the marryshe and fennie places, pestilente to all liuyng bodies.-Udal. Actes, c. 2. But now his cruelty so sore she drad, That to those fennes for fastnesse she did fly, And there herselfe did hide from his hard tyranny. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 10, By reason that he [Hannibal] had overwatched himselfe, and the moist nights besides together with the dampe and moiste of the foggie fens stuffed his head and filled him full of rhewmes, and because neither time nor place served for any cure and to take physicke, he lost one of his eyes quite. Holland. Livivs, p. 433. Therefore is a little water proceeding from a good fountaine, by stones and leade kept from things that may hurt it, hardlier putrifyed and corrupted, than all the fennishe waters in the whole country, than mightie pooles, yea than the Thames itselfe.-Whitgift. Defence, p. 378. Occasion calls the Muse her opinions to prepare, Here never shall you more, To fenny blacke.-Browne. The Shepheard's Pipe, Ecl. 4. The farre-fam'de fen-affecter (seeing him) sald; Chapman. Homer. Batrachomyomachia. Thomson. Liberty, pt. i. Dryden. The Hind and the Panther. Nor need we wonder how in a ditch, bank or glass pla newly dig'd, or in the fen-banks in the Isle of Ely, mustard should abundantly spring up, where in the memory of man none hath been known to grow, for it might come of seed that had lain there more than man's age. Ray. On the Creation, pt. ii. The fen is a plashy inundation, formed on a flat-without depth-without lineal boundary-of ambiguous texturehalf water, and half land-a sort of vegetable fluid. Gilpin. On the Mountains and Lakes, s. 7. Ah, luckless swain, o'er all unblest, indeed! Whom late bewilder'd in the dank dark fen Far from his flocks, and smoking hamlet, then! Collins. On the Popular Superstitions of the Highlands. He [Carausius] cut canals with vast labour and expence through all the eastern parts of Britain; at the same time, draining those fenny countries, and promoting communication and commerce. Burke. An Abridgement of English History, an. 286. FENCE, v. FENCE, n. FE'NCEFUL. FE'NCELESS. FENCER. FE'NCIBLE, n. FE'NCIBLE, adj. FE'NCIBLY. FENCING, n. FEND, v. FE'NDER. FE'NDING, n. Lat. Fend-ere, (used only in composition,) i. e. arcere, depellere; to drive away or repel; and thus to keep safe or secure, guard or protect; and fence,- That which keeps safe or secure, which guards or protects; a guard, security or protection; any hedge, enclosure, wall, mound, ditch, or other thing built or constructed for security or safety, or protection. Fender, i. e. defender, that which fends, defends or guards. A common word in speech, but not in writing. And fendede hem fro foule uvels. fevres and fluxes. Piers Ploukman, p. 368. For executynge of which disporte the place of Smithfelde by the kynge was appoynted, and barryd and fensyd for the same intent.-Fabyan, vol. ii. an. 1508. Such as are great men hauing ye rewle of thinges, & such as are euil, shal murmour and grutche againste your doctrine. Against these men doe I send you forth naked, wlout weapō or fense.-Udal. Luke, c. 10. It is thought to be the surest fence, & strongest warde for that Religion, that they should be keapte still in ignorance, and know nothinge.-Jewell. Replie vnio M.Hardinge, p.550. Disciplina gladiatoria, is-the preceptes and way of trainyng men in the weapons, and the schooles that maysters of fence kepe.-Udal. Flowres of Latine Speaking, fol. 133. The whiche bysshop had made there a stronge garyson, so that this castell doubted none assaute, for theri was a square toure thick walled and fensably furnisshed for the warre.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 209. Walls here are men, who fence their cities more Than Neptune, when he doth in mountains roar, Doth guard this isle.-Drummond. Speech of Caledonia. No pitched battaile in plaine field, no campe so well fr tified, no citties and fortes howsoever fensed were able to withstand the puissant Romanes in force of open armes. Holland. Livirs, p. 336. Dear! on yon mountain stands my humble cot, Sherburne. A Shepherd inviting a Nymph to his Cottage. You were never at the dealing of fence blowes, but you had foure away for your part.-Edwards. Damon & Pithica. A bridge Of length prodigious, joyning to the wall Immovable of this now fenceless world, Forfeit to Death. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. x. But to pourtraie in imagerie tables, and painted cloth, the publike shews of fencers and sword-players, and so set them up to be seen in open place to the view of the world, began by C. Terentius, a Lucan.-Holland. Plinie, b v. c. 7. No fort so fencible, nor wals so strong. Or daily siege, through dispurvayaunce long Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. sil. a 10. |