FIGMENT. Lat. Figmentum, from Fin FIGMENTAL.gere, fictum. See FICTION.

There be of those that esteem prelaty a figment, who yet can pipe if they can dance, nor will be unfurnish'd to shew that what the prelates admire and have not, others have and admire not.-Milton. An Apology for Smectymnuus. I heard he was to meet your worship here. Punt. You heard no figment, sir; I do expect him at every pulse of my watch.

B. Jonson. Every Man out of his Humour, Activ. sc. 4. I enquire, whether it be the thin membrane, or the inward and something soft and fuzzy pulpe it contains, that raises and represents to itself these arbitrarious figments and chimeras.-H. More. App. to the Antidote, c. 10.

There being a memory also of these figmental impressions, (I demand) how they can be seated upon the brain, the seat of memory.-Id. Ib.

And yet after all, even those which are taken in, as Justin. Irenæus, Athenagoras, &c. furnish out evidence enough to confute the ill-contrived claim, and prove it a figment. Waterland. Works, vol. v. p. 328. The folly and unreasonableness of this ridiculous and ungrounded figment, I cannot better display and reprove than in the words of Cicero.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. i.

FIGURE, v. FIGURE, n.

FIGURABLE.

FIGURATE.

FIGURATELY.

FIGURATED.

FIGURATION.

FIGURATIVE.

FIGURATIVELY.

Fr. Figurer; It. Figu rare; Sp. Figurar; Lat. Figurare; from Fingere, to form or frame. Fictor, (says Varro,) cum dicit fingo, figuram imponit, (De L. L. lib. v.)

To frame or form, to fashion or shape, to make FIGURATIVENESS. into form or fashion, to FIGURING, n. delineate, depicture or FIGURIST. portray the shape, form or image; to invest or clothe with figures: (met.) to imagine or conceive, express or declare, similarities or resemblances, representations or allusions, types, symbols.

To make a figure,-emphatically, a great figure, an important figure, a handsome figure.

A figure, applied to the forms of numerical or arithmetical characters, and thus figures, generally; numbers or arithmetic.

The figure of a syllogism,-the formal arrangement or disposition of its component parts.

And ghe han take the tabernacle of Moloch and the sterre of ghoure God Renfam, figuris that ghe han maad to wor schip hem.-Wiclif. Dedis, c. 7.

And ye tooke vnto you the tabernacle of Moloch, and the starre of youre God Remphan, figures which ye made to worshyppe them.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Marriage is figured betwix Crist and holy chirche.
Chaucer. The Persones Tale.

Tell us som mery thing of aventures,
Your termes, your coloures, and your figures,
Kepe hem in store, til so be ye endite.

Id. The Clerkes Prologue, v. 7892.

This was the sweuen, whiche he had,
That Daniell anone arad,
And said hym, that figure strange
Betokeneth how the world shall change.

Gower. Con. A. Prol. Both these sacraments were figured in Moyses' law, baptisme was figured by circumcision : & the Lorde's supper by the eatyng of the passe-lamb.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 467. Their sacramentes were figures of the thinges, but our conteyne the very thinges.

Bp. Gardner. Of the Presence in the Sacrament. Circumcision is a figure of baptisme, but the Leuiticall priesthoode is no figure of the ministerie of the Gospell, therefore we may well proue the baptizing of infantes by circumcision, but we can not proue the ordering of ministers of the Gospell by the ceremonies used about the Leuites.

Whitgift. Defence, p. 169.

Thei enterpreted that in these woordes of Jesus, there laie prinely hidden some gurate & mistical manier of speaking, such as the Lorde did of a speciall propretee that was in him, and verai muche and often vse to bring in, beguiling by meanes of that same colourable speaking, not onely the people, but also the verai Apostles selfes.-Udal. Luke, c. 18. Now if any man be superstitious that hee dare not vnderstand this thyng as furately spoken, then may he verifie it vpon them that God raysed from naturall death as he did Lazarus.-Frith. Workes, p. 35.

After this, the auctor occupyeth a great numbre of leaues, that is to say. from the Ivii. leef unto the lxxiiii. to proue Christes wordes (this is my body) to be a figurative speche. Bp. Gardner. Of the Presence in the Sacrament. The metaphores & figuratine kind of speeches that Solomon vseth in those bookes, can not be vnknown to any. Whitgift. Defence, p. 270.

There bee three parts of penaunce which this holy prophet sheweth derkely and fyguratiuely by the symylitude of thre diuers byrdes, that is to saye, the pellycane, the nyght rauen, and the sparowe.-Fisher. On the Seven Psalmes, Ps. 143.

Euen as Christ is the verie vine, abiding reallie and figuratiuelie the vine: so the Temple of Jerusalem was reallie the materiall temple and figuratiuelie it was the bodie of Christ.-Fox. Martyrs, p. 456. The Storie of W. Bruce.

Who, mov'd with her sweet fashion, bad her rise
With gentle language full of comforting;
Read her request-but thought not what he read
The lines he view'd her eyes had Agured.

Daniel. The Civil Wars, b. viii.
K. Hen. Stanley, we know thou lov'st us, and thy heart
Is figur'd on thy tongue.
Ford. Perkin Warbeck, Act i. sc. 1.
Part loosly wing the region, part more wise
In common, rang'd in figure, wedge thir way,
Intelligent of seasons.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vii.

He grants what they besaught
Instructed that to God is no access
Without Mediator, whose high office now
Moses in figure bears, to introduce
One greater, of whose day he shall foretell,
And all the Prophets in their Age the times
of great Messiah shall sing.

Id. Ib. b. xii.

A figure is the superfices, circumscription and accomplished lineament of a body. The Pythagoreans affirme the bodies of the foure elements be of a sphærick or round figure; only the highest of them (to wit, fire) is pyramidall, or sharpe pointed above.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 667.

Said hee, these seeming beasts are men indeed,
Whom this enchantresse hath transformed thus,
Whylome her louers, which her lusts did feed,
Now turned into figures hideous,
According to their mindes like monstrous.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 12.

The differences of impressible and not impressible; figurable and not figurable; mouldable and not mouldable; scissible and not scissible; and many other passions of matter, are plebeian notions, applied unto the instruments and uses which men ordinarily practice.

Bacon. Naturall Historie, 8. 846.

Wax remains figurable, whether it be melted or congealed. Digby. Of Bodies, c. 16. Plants are all figurate and determinate, which inanimate bodies are not.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, s. 602.

Neither doth the wind (as farre as it carrieth a voice) with the motion thereof, confound any of the delicate, and articulate figurations of the air, in variety of words.

Id. Ib. s. 521.

In the form, I will first consider the general figuration, and then the several members.-Reliquia Wottoniana, p.14. Your good mother of England is down again in the throng, who with the rest reads it, the woman Jesabel: but suppose it were wife: a man might as well interpret the word figuratively, as her name Jesabel no man doubts to be a borrowed name.-Millon. Remonstrants' Defence.

For let us consider the different qualities of the optick nerves, humours, tunicles, and spirits; the divers figurings of the brain.-Glanvill. The Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 22.

All those chains which vaine lovers forge for the figuring out the powerfulnesse of beauty may be said to be those irons the flesh hath cast off and set upon the spirit, which is truly captivated alwayes by the others liberty."

Mountague. Devoute Essayes, Treat. 13. s. 6.

Some have dealt with him by suit, as the old Satanian hereticks, and the present Indian savages, sacrificing to him, that he hurt not: others by covenant, cöditioning their service upō this assistace, as witches and magicians; others, by insinuation of implicite copact, as charmers, and figurecasters.-Bp Hall. Cont. Christ among the Gergesens.

The song, as Grotius thinks, hath respect to the time of the children of Israel's departure out of Egypt, by which the time of the Messias was figured and typified, not without a wonderful congruity of circumstances disposed by Divine Providence.-Bp. Bull. Works, vol. i. Ser. 4.

The disposition of the three terms [of a syllogism] that is to say, of the medium with the three terms of the conclusion, is called figure. Port Royal Logick, by Ozell, pt. iii. c. 4.

The number 30 is a figurated number, because three times ten, or five time six make this number.

Potter. On the Number 666, p. 195.

In this essay he [Boyle] informs us, that gems were once fluid, and have their virtues from the mineral matter; which he shows from their transparency, figuration, internal texture, &c.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 100. Life.

The sum of this doctrine is, that the typical Melchizedek blessed Abraham in and by bread and wine, considered as symbols, images, figurations of our Lord's passion and sacrifice; and that the true Melchizedek so blessed his own disciples in delivering to them the benefits contained in his passion, by the like symbols. Waterland. Works, vor. viii. p. 333.

Agreed forms of speaking have no deceit From bene ft follows, that all usual forms of rhetorick, all figurative expressions, though they seem to signify that as true which is not literally so, yet can by no means be accounted lies. And the same may likewise be said of fables, and parables, and mythological descriptions.-Clarke, vol. ii. Ser. 133.

Christ there said of them that received him in the sense that was meant in that chapter, that all that did so eat his flesh had eternal life in them; therefore these words can only be understood figuratively of receiving him by faith, as himself there explains. Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1549.

From the figurativeness therefore of these expressions, as well as from the nature and evident reason of the thing itself, it is plain that the kingdom of Satan, set up in opposition to the kingdom of God, is not literally a kingdom of force or power, but in the spiritual sense a kingdom or party, a dominion or prevalency of sin, in opposition to the kingdom or establishment of righteousness.

Clarke, vol. ii. Ser. 122.

Men are used to talk of beauty in a figurative manner, that is to say, in a manner extremely uncertain and indeterminate.-Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful, pt. iii. s.1.

Whenever the imaginations of the vulgar are much awakened, or their passions inflamed against one another they will pour forth a torrent of figurative language, as forcible as could be employed by the most artificial declaimer.-Blair, vol. i. Lect. 14.

At that hallowed hour when the eucharist is consecrated, Christ is, again, figuratively and sacramentally, presented in the temple on earth.-Horne. Works, vol. v. Dis. 11.

FILA'CEOUS. FILAMENT. FILAMENTOUS.

Lat. Filum, a thread. As the Fr. Filamens, little strings, threads or hairs, in veins, plants, roots, &c.; the beard of a root.

It is the stalk that maketh the filaceous matter, commonly.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, s. 614.

[Pliny] affirms that in some part of Tartarie, there were mines of iron whose filaments were weaved into incombustible cloth.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 14.

When it began to swell, they divided or slived it longwise into small filaments with the point of a nedle or bodkin. These filaments or strings, they dried in the shade, and laid them up to serve as need should require.

Holland. Plinie, b. xxv. c. 5.

The doctrine of the filamentous cataract will become as familiar as any established theory among us, only by supposing this, like all other membranes, thickened and become opaque by disorders.-The Student, vol. i. p. 341.

When one tossed his weaver's beam and the other carried the gates of Gaza, they performed their prodigious feats by a microscope.-Search. Light of Nature, vol. i. pt. i. c. 3. tender filaments slighter than a cobweb, undiscernible with

The filaments, antheræ, and stigmata of flowers, bear no more resemblance to the young plant, even to the seed, which is formed by their intervention, than a chisel or a plane does to a table or chair. What then are the filaments, antheræ, and stigmata of plants, but instruments strictly so called?-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 4.

FILANDERS. It. Filandre; "Fr. Filandres; the felanders, small worms that breed in bruised, surfeited, or foul fed hawks; also, nets to catch wild beasts with." And Filandre, the adj.“ Streaked with, or full of, small threads, fibres, felanders," (Cotgrave.) The Filanders are probably thread worms; worms thin as a thread; from the Lat. Filum, a thread.

filander or back-worm.-Brown. Miscellanies, p. 115.

This may probably destroy that obstinate disease of the

FILBERD, n. Junius says,-forte a multis barbis; and Skinner,-full and beard; q.d. plenus barbâ et lanugine. Mr. Tooke and Mr. Todd have noted the passage quoted below from Gower: the latter, as supplying a legitimate etymology; the former, probably, as supplying an etymology of the same character with that which in the 22d page of the Div. of Purley, vol. ii. he has produced from Chaucer of the word cokold. Virgil's Phillis (Phillis amat corylos) has a claim as good as Gower's.

Filberd exists in no other language than the English; and it is not very probable that our ancestors alone were so classical as Gower's lines suppose.

Another origin (of as little value) is given by Peacham in his Emblems, 1612. He is describing an English fruit-garden.

The Persian peach and fruitful quince,
And there the forward almond grew,
With cherries knowne no long time since,
The winter warden, orchard's pride,
The Philiber! that loves the vale,

And red queen apple, so envide
Of school-boys passing by the pale.

Upon this he observes in a note, "The Filbert so nimed of Philibert, a king of France, who caused by arte sundry kinds to be brought forth; as did a gardener of Otranto in Italie, by clove-gilliflower and carnation, of such colours as we now see them."

Phillis

Was shape into a nutte tree
That all men it might see:
And after Phillis Philberd

This tree was cleped in the yerd:
And yet for Demophon to shame,

Into this day it beareth the name.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv.

The countrey yeeldeth many good trees of fruit, as filberds in some places, but in all places cherie trees, and a kind of peare tree meet to graffe on.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 132.

There might you see.-
With loue juice stained the Mullberie,
The fruit that dewes the poet's braine;
And Phillis Philbert there away
Compar'de with mirtle and the bay.

Spenser. Elegie on Sir P. Sidney.

No, Jockie, rather wend we to the wood,
The time is fit, and filberds waxen ripe;
Let's go and fray the squirrell from his food;
We will another time heare Willie pipe.

Browne. The Shepherd's Pipe.

Thou hast a brain-such as it is indeed;
On what else should thy worm of fancy feed!
Yet in a Albert I haue often known
Maggots survive, when all the kernel's gone.

The Earl of Dorset, to Mr. Howard.

Its only ornament was a short walk, shaded on each side by a filbert-hedge, with a small olive at one end.

Fielding. Joseph Andrews, b. ii. c. 4. When a man plants a peach tree can you properly say, it is therefore fated that he shall gather peaches and not plums or filberds therefrom?

Search. Light of Nature, vol. ii. pt. iii. c. 26. Fitch, filch, suffurari, clam subducere, c pilare; and from the Fr. Piller, Skinner seems to think it may

FILCHING, n.

FILCHER.

be derived.

To purloin, to pill or pilfer, to steal.

A hard wele telle, that bagelle & belle be filchid & fled.
R. Brunne, p. 282.

If thou purloynst one mette from out
a thousand mette of beanes,
My losse is lesse, thy facte not lesse
in this thy filching meanes.

A.S. Fylan, afylan, and befylan. Afylan, inquinare, contaminare, fœdare, to defile, pollute or make filthy," (Somner.) See To DEFILE, and FOUL. To dirty, to pollute, to corrupt, to contaminate; in R. Brunne (met.) to disgrace or degrade. Filth

FILTHINESS.

FILTHIHEAD. FILTHLESS.

That which fileth, fouleth or dirtieth; dirt, pollution.

Eft we toke him fled, brouht hem ageyn to toun, The courte opon him sat, the quest filed him & schent. R. Brunne, p. 173. Lo I come as a nyght theef, blessid is he that wakith and kepith hise clothis that he wandre not nakid, and that thei se not the filtheheed of hym.-Wielif. Apocalypse, c. 16. Fountain al filthlesse, as birell current clere.

Chaucer. A Balade to our Ladie.

The filth of secret chaumbers, the stenche of the pumpe in shippes, nor the odures of cities do not corrupt the ayre so muche, as ydell folke do the people.-Golden Boke, c. 23.

Moreouer hee sayth that if any spirituall ma doth after this decree marry then his sinne shall neuer tee forgenen hym, nor they may neuer afterward handle the blessed sacramêt, because that mariage is a filthy and foul concupiscence sayth hee.-Barnes. Workes, p. 316.

There is no flesh or fish which they find dead (smell they euer so filthily) but they will eat it, as they find it without any dressing.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 38.

Moreouer if the filthines of sin be ones conceived in the soule, & longe continue there by vnhappy custom, it maketh foule and infecteth it more and more. Fisher. On the Seuen Psalms, Ps. 32. Rod. Sirrah, I scorn my finger should be fil'd with thee. Beaum. &Fletch. The Pilgrim, Act ii. sc. 2. Where feeling one close couched by her side, Shee lightly leapt out of her filed bed, And to her weapon ran, in mind to gride The loathed leachour.-Spenser. Faerie Queene, b.iii. c.1. If 't be so,

For Banquo's issue haue I fil'd my minde,
For them, the gracious Duncan haue I murthur'd,
Put rancours in the vessell of my peace
Only for them, and mine eternal jewell
Giuen to the common enemie of man,
To make them kings; the seede of Banquo kings.
Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act iii. sc. 1.
Oaths are necessary for nothing; they pass out of a man's
mouth like smoke through a chimney that files all the way
it goes.-Wilkins. Inforced Marriage, Act iii.

Duch. He called his father villain and me strumpet,
A word that I abhor to file my lips with.
Tourneur. The Revenger's Tragedy.

And that which is a very great wonder, neither is the lake once stirred with that violent streame running through it, nor yet the river stayed in his hastie course, for all the muddie filth of the lake.-Holland. Ammianus, p. 34.

And by his side rode loathsome Gluttonie, Deformed creature, on a filthy swine; His belly was vpblowne with luxury, And eke with fatnesse swollen were his eyne. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 4. For the liberty of doing filthily and obscenely, is next to the liberty of speaking filthily and obscenely: therefore obscenities are especially to be exterminated from young tender mindes, that they neither heare nor speake any such thing.-Prynne. Histrio-Mastix, pt. i. Act vi. sc. 3.

Her. late forlorne and naked, he had found,
Where she did wander in waste wildernesse,
Lurking in rocks and caues farre vnder ground,
And with greene mosse cov'ring her nakednesse,
To hide her shame and loathly filthinesse.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 4.
But there's no thought thou shouldst be ever he
Whom either shame should call from filthinesse,
Terror from danger, or discourse from fury.
B. Jonson. Catiline, Act iv.
The chamber where he [Hooper] lodged, vile and stink-
ing; on one side of which was the sink and filth of all the
house, and on the other side the town ditch.

Strype. Memorials. Queen Mary, an. 1554.
When from the filthy dunghill Faction bred
New form'd Rebellion durst rear up its head.
Answer me all. who struck the monster dead?

Otway. Epilogue, April 21, 1682.

In his time [Wiclif] the gentlemen or nobles occupied in the wars, the merchants in their affairs, the plowmen in their labours, the priests, monks, and friars, most filthily abused their wives.

Strype. Mem. From Wiclif. De Hypocrisi, vol. iv.

But they their tonges file, And make a pleasante style.

Skelton. The Boke of Colin Clout

Was never file yet half so well yfiled,
To file a file for any smithe's entent,
As I was made a filing instrument,
To frame other.-Wyatt. The abused Louer seeth his Foly.
With faire discourse the evening so they pass;

For that olde man of pleasing wordes had store,
And well could file his tongue, as smooth as glass.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 1.
For common chalybs præparatus, or corroded and powdered
steel, the loadstone attracts like ordinary filings of iron.
Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 2.

And law, is but a forme, A net of Vulcan's filing, a meere ingine, To take that life by a pretext of justice, Which you pursue in malice?-B. Jonson. Sejanus, Act iii.

Some there bee who take file-dust of lead, put the same in an earthen pot of greene potters clay, set the same into an oven, and so let it calcine therein untill such time as the pot be well and thoroughly baked. Holland. Plinie, vol. ii. p. 519. At the end of that time he [Sir Edward Grimston] procured a file, and so cut out one of the bars of the window, and, having a rope conveyed to him, he changed clothes with his servant, and went down on the rope; which proving a great deal too short, he leaped a great way, and having done that before the gates were shut, made his escape without being discovered.

Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1558.

In a day or two the exposed filings had gained a fine bluish green colour, but the spirit that swam upon the other filings, did in a few hours acquire a fine redness, which afterwards in two or three days degenerated into a colour like that of the exposed filings.

Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 615.

What, though the footsteps of my devious Muse
The measur'd walks of Grecian art refuse?
Or through the frankness of my hardy style
Mock the nice touches of the critic's file.

Akenside, b. ii. Ode 1. FILE, v. Fr. Filer; Lat. Filum, a thread. FILE, n. See to DEFILE.

To draw out threads, to prolong, to extend in length; and thus, to move in a line or file. Also, to put upon a file or thread, string or wire, or other similar substance; to pass such file through any thing.

My endeavours
Haue euer come too short of my desires
Yet fill'd [fil'd] with my abilities.

Shakespeare. Hen. VIII. Act iii. sc. 2.

Card. Please you, sir,

I know but of a single part in ought
Pertaines to th' state, and front but in the file.
Where others tell steps with me.-1d. Ib. Act i. sc. 2.
And were it not ill fitting for this file,

To sing of hills and woods mongst warres and knights,
I would abate the sternnesse of my stils,
Mongst these sterne stounds to mingle soft delights,
Spenser. Of Mutabilitie, b. vii. c. 6.

Reports and judgments will not do't,
But 'tis dragoons, and horse, and foot:
Words are but wind, but blows come home;
A stout tongu'd lawyer's but a mome,
Compar'd to a stout file-leader.

Brome. Political Songs, On Sir G. B. his Defeat.

Now were some of them sallied out of the gates alreadie: and others followed hard after at their heeles, keeping their array, and every man commyng orderly into his file and rank-Holland. Livivs, p. 129.

The horsemen closely among the rankes and files of the footmen, gat againe to their horses, and from thence rode

speedily unto the other side, reporting to their fellowes the

victorie.-I. Ib. p. 131.

The military mound

The British files transcend, in evil hour
For their proud foes, that fondly brav'd their fate.
J. Philips. Blenheim.
In the mean time I may be bold to draw this corollary

from what has been already said, that the file of heroick poets le very short.-Dryden. Discourse on Epick Poetry.

Achilles! yes! this day at least we bear
Thy rage in safety through the files of war:
But come it will, the fatal time must come,
Nor ours the fault, but God decrees thy doom.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xx.
Taste were sacrilege,
If lifting there the axe, it dar'd invade
Those spreading oaks that in fraternal files
Hive pair'd for centuries, and heard the strains
Of Sidney's, nay, perchance, of Surry's reed.

Mason. The English Garden, b. i. Persons who are nurtured in office, do admirably well, as long as things go on in their common order; but when the high roads are broken up, and the waters out, when a new and troubled scene is opened, and the file affords no precelent, then it is a greater knowledge of mankind, and a far more extensive comprehension of things is requisite than ever office gave, or than office can ever give.

FILIAL. FILIALLY.

Burke. On American Taxation.

To

Fr. and Sp. Filial; It. Filiale, from the Lat. Filius, a son. FILIATION. this adjective formed from the Latin noun, we have not any equivalent from our own English noun son. Of or pertaining to a son; relating to, having the character of a son.

66

The Father knows the Son; therefore secure Ventures his filial vertue, though untried, Against whate'er may tempt, whate'er seduce, Allure, or terrifie, or undermine.-Id. Par. Regained, b. i. Indeed the worst kind of feare, is that we call servile: but the best feare, is the feare of servants. For there is no servant of God, but feares filially.

Bp. Hall. Works. A Holy Panegyricke.

Consequently the relation of paternity and filiation between the first Affiliate and second person, and the relation between the sacred persons of the Trinity, and the denomination thereof must needs be eternal. Hale. Origin. of Mankind, p. 127.

The sire then shook the honours of his head,
Full on the filial dulness.-Dryden. Mac-Flecknoe.

The first and most proper filiation and generation, is his eternally existing in and of the Father; the eternal Aoyos, of the eternal mind.

Waterland. A-Defence of some Queries, Q. 7.

I now return, and quit the martial strife,
My sire to succour on the verge of life;
Whose feeble age the present aid demands,
And kind assistance of my filial hands.

Wilkie. The Epigoniad, b. vi.

He [Dr. John Edwards] is persuaded, that all of them have been mistaken by the misapplication of the common and received notion of paternity and filiation, in the translation of these from man to God.

Nelson. Life of Bp. Bull, p. 269.

FILIBEG, FEILBEG, PHILIBEG. Gael. Filleadh,

Fr. Filigrane, from the FILIGRRE. It. Filigrana, a word FILIGRAINED. composed of filum, and granum, (a very old invention,) Menage. "Sp. Filigrana, filigran-work; which is curious fine work in silver or gold, or any other metal; as fine as threads, and therefore has its name from filum, thread," (Delpino.)

And why that spiteful character given to all crowds? mere fillings of his own, without warrant from his original Bentley. Free Thinking, § 54.

Content is better, all the wise will grant,
Than any earthly good that thou canst want;
And Discontent, with which the foolish fill
Their minds, is worse than any earthly ill.

Byrom. Miscellaneous Pieces. FILLET, v. I Fr. Filet, a little thread, string FI'LLET, n. for twist; from Lat. Filum, a thread; a slight bandage, (redimiculum,) says Skinner, wrought of threads.

A curious filigrane handkerchief, and two fair filigrane plates brought out of Spain.-Dr. Browne. Travels, p. 147. Adam and Eve in bugle-work, without fig-leaves, upon canvass, curiously wrought with her ladyship's own hand; several flagrain curiosities.-Tatler, No. 245.

The churches of our ancestors shot up into spires, towers, pinnacles, and filigree-work, and no such thing as a cupola seems ever to have been attempted.

Swinburne. Spain, Let. 44. FILL, v. Goth. Fulljan; A. S. Fyllan; FILL, n. Dut. Vollen; Ger. Fullen, imFILLER. plere. See FULL. FILLING, n. To occupy or take possession of void, vacant, or empty space; as to fill a glass, i. e..the cavity or hollow of a glass; to take possession, to possess,-space unoccupied ; (met.) the mind, i.e. to occupy all its thoughts; to occupy or engage, completely, wholly, entirely; so as to leave no vacuity, no deficiency or want.

And with the bandes of bakun his baly for to fillen. Piers Plouhman. Crede. And Jhesus saith to hem, fille ye the pottes with water, and thei filliden hem up to the mouth.-Wiclif. Jon, c. 2. And Jesus sayde vnto them: fyl the water pottes we water. And they fylled them vp to the brimme. Bible. 1551. Ib. Anone as filled is your lust many of you be so trew, that little heede take ye of suche kindnesse, but with traisoun anone ye thinke hem beguile, and let light of that thing which first ye maked to you wonders deare.

Chaucer. The Test. of Loue, b. ii.

Gode spede you; goth forth and lay on fast
With longe swerde and with mase fighteth your fill.
Goth now your way; this is the lorde's will.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2561.

Whan he thirto his tyme sigh
All priueliche, that none it wist,
His owne hondes that one chist
Of fine golde, and of fyne perie,
The whiche out of his tresorie
Was take, anone he fielde full.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.
And hauing rydden hys fyl, brought backe the horse agayn.
Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 6.
Rich. They do me wrong, and I will not endure it,
Who is it that complaines vnto the king.
That I (forsooth) am sterne, and loue them not?
By holy Paul, they loue his grace but lightly
That fill his eares with such dissentious rumors,

Shakespeare. Rich. III. Act i. sc. 3.

But thou hast promis'd from us two a race
To fill the earth, who shall with us extoll
Thy goodness infinite, both when we wake,
And when we seek, as now, thy gift of sleep.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv.

My teares shall wipe away these bloody markes :
And no more words, till they have flow'd their fill.
Shakespeare. 3 Part Henry VI. Act ii. sc. 5.
You are old, and therefore for your part, as one that hath

ditions.

Savile. Tacitus. Historie, p. 129.

Pet. Braue soldier yield; thou stock of arms and honor, Thou filler of the world with fame and glory. Beaum. & Fletch. Bonduca, Act iv. sc. 1. Home when she came, her secret woe she vents, And fills the palace with her loud laments; Those loud laments her echoing maids restore, And Hector, yet alive, as dead deplore.

a fold, plait, or cloth, and beg, little; or perhaps had his fill of both fortunes, are content to accept of conGoth. Isl. Fila, a light garment, and beig-a, to surround. A piece of dress worn by men in the (Scottish) Highlands instead of breeches, (Jamieson,) who gives the following extract from Pennant's Tour in Scotland, 1769, p. 210, "The fe-beg, i. e. little plaid, also called kelt, is a only to the sort of short petticoat reaching knees, and is a modern substitute for the lower part of the plaid, being found to be less cumbersome. especially in time of action, when the Highlanders used to tuck their breeches into their girdle.'

Dryden. Homer. Iliad, b. vi. Horrentia is such a flat epithet as Tully would have It is a mere filler, to stop a vacancy in the hexameter and connect the preface to the work of Virgil.-Id Dedication to the Æneid

given us in his verses.

793

Spenser. Shepherd's Calendar. April.

Our Englisher of Hans Bloome names it [the Astragal] a bottell or fillet in any part of a pillar, but I take a filled to be more flat, this more swelling and (as I say) torus like.

Evelyn. On Architecture.

There frame a town, and fix a tent with cords,
The town be Shiloh call'd, the tent the Lord's;
Carv'd pillars, filletted with silver, rear,
To close the curtains in an outward square.

Purnell. The Gift of Poetry.

Go, Barce, call my sister; let her care
The solemn rites of sacrifice prepare:
The sheep, and all the atoning offerings bring,
Sprinkling her body from the crystal spring
With living drops: then let her come, and thou
With sacred fillets bind thy hoary brow.

Dryden. Virgil. Eneid, b. iv.

We cannot hardly help comparing this [the ligament of the knee] with the binding up of a fracture, where the fillet is almost always strapped across, for the sake of giving firmness and strength to the bandage.

Puley. Natural Theology, c. 8.

Skinner (adopted by Lye) vox a sono ficta. And so also Minshew.

To throw out the finger or thumb,-the one from the other-withholding it: applied, (met.) to a quick, sudden, helping action or motion.

Therefore they, which by nature haue a promptnesse, shan soner attaine perfection, than any other can doe, if by labour and earnest trauaile, they will stretche to attaine that, whereunto they are apt, and, with good endeuour, fillip nature forwards.Wilson. The Arte of Logike, fol. 10.

When we try a false lute-string, we use to extend it hard between the fingers, and to fillip it, and it giveth it a double species, it is true; but if it giveth a trebble, or more it is false. Bacon. Naturall Historie, s. 117.

Let them look neuer so demurely, one fillip chokes them.
Ford. Love's Sacrifice, Act i. sc. 1.
Tush, all these tortures are but fillipings,
Flea-bitings.-Massinger. Virgin Martyr, Act v. sc. 1.

They [spirits] ought never to be used, but as spurs and whips, to push on and stimulate the sluggish organs for a time, and make them carry off the over-load with a short vigour; and so are only proper in extremities, as a present filip.-Cheyne. Philosophical Theory, Dis. 3.

FILLY, i. e. a Foal, &c. applied to the female, or, as North expresses it, the mare-colt; (met.) to a wanton young woman.

A young mare-colt or filly, breaking by chance from other mares running and flinging through the camp, came to stay right against them.-North. Plutarch, p. 247.

Hence at eve,

Steam'd eager from the red horizon round,
With the fierce rage of winter deep suffus'd,
An icy gale, oft shifting, o'er the pool
Breathes a blue film. and in its mid career
Arrests the bickering stream.-Thomson. Winter.

Loose to the wind their airy garments flew,
Thin glittering textures of the filmy dew,
Dipp'd in the richest tinctures of the skies,
Where light disports in ever-iningling dyes.

Pope. The Rape of the Lock, c. 2. What shall we do with this film then? for, till it is removed, the man might as well be without eyes. This was the very case of the Heathen world.-Sherlock, vol. i. Dis.4.

But gasping heav'd the breath that Lara drew,
And dull the film along his dim eye grew;
His limbs stretch'd fluttering, and his head droop'd o'er,
The weak yet still untiring knee that bore.
Byron. Lara, c. 2.

FILTER, v.

Thee, Pallas, skill'd in every work divine, Foolish Arachne at the loom defied; Incessant thence she draws the filmy twine, Memorial of her fond presumptuous pride. West. Triumphs of the Gout. A. S. Felt. Pannus, vel lana coactilis; Barb. Lat. Feltrum; Ger. Filz; Dut. Vilt; It. Feltro; "Fr. Feutre, a filter; a piece of jelt, or thick woollen cloth to distil, or strain things through," (Cotgrave.) See Filz in Wachter, Feltrum in Du Cange, and Martinius.

FILTER, n.

FILTRATE.

FILTRATION.

To strain or pass through felt; to strain, generally.

Having for trial-sake filtred it through cap-paper, there remained in the filtre a powder of a very deep and lovely colour, but in so little quantity, that we could not attempt any experiment upon it to make it confess its nature.

Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 365.

All I could do, was to take a good decoction of cabbage, and filtrate it through cap-paper, that it might be, though yellow, yet clear.-Id. Ib. vol. ii. p. 652.

From hence it appears, that the expressed juices of vegetables, not filtrated very clear, contain their whole specifick virtues.-Arbuthnot. On Aliments, c. 3.

The nature of suction, the cause of filtration, and the rising of water in siphons.-Glanvill, Ess. 3.

Also the cause of filtration, and of the rising of water in small glass pipes above the surface of the stagnating water they are dipped into, &c.—Boyle. Works, voli. p. 112. Life.

What more artificial, or more commodious instrument of selection, could have been given to it, than this natural filter, [the bills of a duck.]-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 12. "Durst we make a single movement," asks a lively French writer," or stir a step from the place we were in, if we saw our blood circulating, the tendons pulling, the lungs blowing, the humours filtrating, and all," &c.-Id. Ib. c. 11.

The salts being separated by filtration through the strata,

and the rising waters being opposed by a clayey substance that generally lies near the surface of the lower lands, they proceed to the mountains, from whence, by the advantage of a descent, they spread wealth and pleasure round all the earth-Brooke. Universal Beauty, b. ii. (Note, v. 123.)

FILTH. See FILE.

FIMBLE. Grose says," The female hemp; soonest ripe and fittest for spinning, but it is not worth half so much as the carle with its seed." (Essex and Susser.) Miller calls it the male, and he is probably right; though it may have taken its name (fimble, corrupted from female) from a supposition that it was the female plant. It is the male plant that is barren.

Good flax and good hemp, to have of her own,
In May a good huswife will see it be sown;
And afterwards trim it, to serve at a need,
The Amble to spin, and the carl for her seed.

Tusser. May's Husbandry, p. 16.

The first season for pulling the hemp is usually about the middle of August, when they begin to pull what they call the fimble hemp, which is the male plant.

Miller. Gardener's Dictionary, in v. Cannabis. FIMBRIATE, v. Lat. Fimbria et fibræ, extremitates rei, non cujusvis, sed incisa; sic ut nunc accedat, nune recedat, (Vossius.) Applied in Heraldry to a border; as a cross, having a narrow border or hem, of another tincture, is called, A fimbriated cross.

Besides the divers tricking or dressing [heraldick crosses] as piercing, voiding, fimbriating, &c. insomuch that crosses alone, as they are variously disguised, are enough to distinguish all the several families of gentlemen in England. Fuller. Holy War, p. 271. A. S. Finna; Dut. Vinne; perhaps, as Junius and Skinner think, from the Lat. Pinne or pennæ; since the fins (pinna) are to fish, what the wings are to birds. The fins areThe organs by which fish balance and move themselves. See the quotation from Paley.

FIN, n. FI'NNED.

FI'NLESS.

FINNY.

The which fish had on euery side a wing, and toward the taile two other lesser as it were finnes, on either side one, but in proportion they were wings, and of a good length. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 107. They will swim you their measures, like whiting-mops, as if their feet were finns, and the hinges of their knees oil'd. Beaum. & Fletch. The Martial Maid, Act ii. sc. 1. Sometime he angeres me, With telling me of the moldwarpe and the ant, Of the dreamer Merlin and his prophecies; And of a dragon, and a finnclesse fish.

Shakespeare. 1 Pt. Hen. IV Act iii. sc. 1. It fortuned, whilest thus she stifly stroue, And the wide sea importuned long space With shrilling shriekes, Proteus abroade did roue, Along the fomy waves driuing his finny droue. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 8. The sounds and seas, with all their finny drove, Now to the moon in wavering morrice move.

Millon. Comus.

Do scales and fins bear price to this excess?
You might have bought the fisherman for less.
Duke. Imitation of Juvenal, Sat. 4.
They plough up the turf with a broad finned plough.
Mortimer. Husbandry.

Such creatures as are whole-footed or fin-toed, viz. some birds, and quadrupeds, are naturally directed to go into the water and swim there, as we see ducklings, though hatch'd and led by a hen.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. i. p. 147.

Nor look on,

Shamefully passive, while Batavian fleets Defraud us of the glittering finny swarms, That heave our friths, and crowd upon our shores. Thomson. Autumn. The balancing ase of these organs is proved in this manOf the large headed fish, if you cut off the pectoral fins; i. e. the pair which lies close behind the gills, the head falls prone to the bottom; if the right pectoral fin only be cut off, the fish leans to that side; if the ventral fin on the same side be cut away, then it loses its equilibrium entirely; if the dorsal and ventral fins be cut off, the fish reels to the

ner.

right and left.—Paley. Natural Theology, c. 12.

As th' immense Leviathan, [o'erwhelms] The finny brood, when near Ierne's shore Out-stretch'd, unwieldy, his island length appears Above the foamy flood. Dyer. The Ruins of Rome. FINANCE. Fr. Finance; Sp. Finanza. FINANCIAL. (See Du Cange, Wachter, and FINANCIALLY. Menage.) Skinner says, from FINANCIER. the old, and, in that sense, obsolete Fr. Finance, finis, an end; q. d. Finantia. Ballokar has Finance, an end; and Menage, (Dict. Etymol.) Finance, pecunia, quâ exsolutà lis finitur; in his Orig. della Ling. Ital. (MS. note,) Finance, q. medium ad finem, (sc.) ways and means to a final settlement. The old It. Finanza is, finis. Menage, however, suggests the Sw. Finna; Ger. Finden, invenire, to find, (A. S. Findan.) The Lat. Finis, a fine, (see Du Cange,) seems sufficiently to account for the application of the word in French, as in English,

to

"Wealth, substance, riches, goods; also a prince's revenue, or treasure," (or that of any other person or persons,) Cotgrave.

So then he was put to his fynanse to pay xxii. thousande frankes of France, and the companyons of the Englysshe garysons in Champaigne payed the sayd ransaume. Berners, Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i, e. 202.

And ye ofher knyghtes, as Syr Taynboton, Sir Other of Grantson, and Johan of Gruners, were put to their fynauce, and by the meanes of Sir Olyuer of Manny, they passed with easy and courtesse raŭsome.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 312.

In like robes followed the lordes of the chamber of accounts and of the finaunce.-Hall. Hen. VI. an. 10.

All the finances or revenues of the imperial crown of this realm of England, be either extraordinary or ordinary. Bacon. The Office of Alienations.

I therefore, whom only love and duty to your majesty and your royal line, hath made a financier, do intend to present unto your majesty a perfect book of your estate, like a perspective glass, to draw your estate nearer to your sight. Id. Ib. Letter to the King.

Historians inform us, that one of the chief causes of the destruction of the Roman state, was the alteration which Constantine introduced into the finances, by substituting an universal poll-tax, in lieu of almost all the tithes, customs, and excises, which formerly composed the revenue of the empire.-Hume, vol. i. Ess. 8. Of Taxes.

Though their proud assumption might justify the severest tests, yet in trying their abilities on their financial proceedings, I would only consider what is the plain obvious duty of a common finance minister, and try them upon that, and not upon models of ideal perfection.

Burke. Reflections on the French Revolution.

I consider therefore the stopping of the distillery, œconomically, financially, commercially, medicinally, and in some degree morally too, as a measure rather well meant than well considered.-Id. Thoughts and Details on Scarcity.

The objects of a financier are, then, to secure an ample revenue, to impose it with judgment and equality; to employ it economically; and when necessity obliges him to make use of credit, to secure its foundations in that instance, and for ever, by the clearness and candour of his proceedings, the exactness of his calculations, and the solidity of his funds. Id. Reflections on the French Revolution.

Was I right? The house sees whether I was: the house sees the finance-post is now totally abandoned, and for the best reason in the world, because it is no longer tenable. Fox. Speech on the East India Bill, Dec. 1, 1783. FINCH. To pull a finch (says Mr. Tyrwhitt) was a proverbial expression, signifying, to strip a man, by fraud, of his money, &c.

In Dut. Vincke, and so called, says Lye, from the sound vink, vink, which this bird utters. Ful prively a finch eke coude he pull.

Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 654.

Bot. The finch, the sparrow, and the larke,
The plain-song cuckow gray;

Whose note full many a man doth marke,
And dares not answere nay.

Shakespeare, Midsummer Night's Dream, Act iii. sc. 1.

FIND, v.
FIND, n.
FINDER.

FINDING, n.

A. S. Findan; Dut. Vinden, Ger. Finden; Sw. Finna. Hel vigius (says Wachter) prefers the Lat. Vid-ere; Wachter himself suggests the Lat. Ven-ire, quomodo invenire est in rem venire. The A. S. Findan, invenire, and fund-ian, niti, to labour to come to a thing, (Somner,) are the same word, and mean, to seek or search or look for, and consequently to come to, (invenire,) or find. And thus find may be explained to mean—

To seek, and, consequentially, to see or perceive; to come to or meet with; to reach, attain or acquire, to discover, to detect, to invent; to obtain, to procure, to provide.

Spenser and some others write the old pret. fund; common in Scotch writers.

An slowe al that hii founde, bote wuch [who] so mygte fle.
And astored hem of her tresour, as me mygte yse.
R. Gloucester, p. 403,

For werre withouten hede is not wele, we fynde.

R. Brunne, p. 2. And fyndeth folke to fighte, and Cristene blod to spille. Piers Ploukman, p. 389.

And so saue me God I hold it greate synne,
To gyuen hem any good, swiche glotones to fynde,
To mayntaynen swiche maner me yt michel good de-
struieth.
Id. Crede.
And the freres hadden a fyndynge, that for neode flateren.
Id. Vision, p. 411.
Axe ye and it schal be gyven to you; seke yee, and yo
schulen fynde.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 7.

Aske & it shal be geuen you. Seke & ye shal funde.
Bible, 1551. Io.

Afterward Jhesus fond him in the temple, and seide to hym, lo, thou art maad hool: nyle thou do synne, leste ony worse thing bifalle to thee.-Wiclif. Jon, c. 5.