He [Fabius Maximus] nothing at all regarding such words, persisted still continually in his designes and councels particular to himself, saying thus to his friends, that he who would not abide a scoffe, but feared frumps and reviling words was a greater coward then he who fled before his enemy.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 353. And from the most of them the Embassadors were dismissed and sent away, with this frumpe and demand, whether they had set up a sanctuarie or lawlesse place for women to? For that were alone, and a fit marriage indeed to sort together.-Id. Livivs, p. 8. By how much I saw them taking little thought of their own injuries, I must confess I took it as my part the less to endure that my respected friends, through their own unnecessary patience, should lie thus at the mercy of a coy flurting stile; to be girded with frumps and curtall gibes, by one who makes sentences by the statute, as if all above three inches long were confiscate. Milton. An Apology for Smectymnuus. FRUSH. As the "Fr. Froisser, to crush, burst or break in pieces; also, to crush, quash, bruise; also, to dash, knock or clatter together," (Cotgrave.) See FROISE. The Fr. Froisser is by Caseneuve derived from fressus, the past part. of frendere, to bruise; and by Menage, with less plausibility, from frangere, to break. And consequently all those, that they encoutred, at that the furste charge, they frushed or sonke them, with suche strengthe, that they gaue not the ennemys leasure to ioyne themselfe agayne togither.-Nicolls. Thucidides, fol. 66. He shewed also to the abouenamed Albertus, and many other credible persones, that the Quene of Heauen came to hym that night with a maruelouse fragrant odour, refreshing all his mébres that were bruised and frushed with that feuer, and promised hym, that he should not vtterly dye. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 9. Who, lying all to frusshed thus, Warner. Albion's England, b. ii. c. 12. I like thy armour well, Ile frush it, and vnlocke the riuets all, But lle be maister of it. Shakespeare. Troyl. & Cress. Act v. sc. 6. Fr. Frustrer; Lat. Frustrare, from frustra, which Vossius thinks is from fraudare, quia quod frustra sit, fraudat desiderium ejus, qui id facit. --Frustratory is used by Cotgrave. FRUSTRATE, v. FRU'STRATE, adj. FRUSTRANEOUS. FRUSTRATING, n. FRUSTRATION. FRUSTRATORY. To disappoint, to render fruitless, to avoid or annul; to deceive, defraud, balk or beguile,-the hopes or expectations. And for a counterfayte and a false glory; they frustrate and defeact themselues of that blessed rewarde, whiche God would haue geuen them, yf they had offered in his sight the pure and sincere oblacion of their prayers.-Udal. Matt. c.26. And the peynes before taken with the time therein spente, is vtterly frustrate.-Sir T. Elyot. The Governour, b. iii. c.10. It is manifestly prouided, that the merchants of the Hans towns, vnder the colour of their priuiledges in England, shall not vpon paine of the perpetuall frustration and revocation of the foresayd priuiledges receiue any stranger of any other towne in their liberties, by whom the King's custom may in any sort be withholden or diminished. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 175. For which attempt, (though it were frustrated Daniel. Civil Wars, b. iv. Massinger. The Great Duke of Florence, Act iii. sc. 1. It was God's great design to advance grace, and therefore he calls their stepping aside from the doctrine thereof, a frustrating of the grace of God, Gal. ii. ult. which men do by mingling any thing with it; it is a frustrating of the grace of God, because it frustrateth the great design of God, for to frustrate is to make void a design. Goodwin. Works, vol. i. pt. ii. p. 205. Though at first the eye preconceiv'd the way (over a plain) shorter, because it was undivided, yet if upon this supposition, an opinion possesse the imagination of a farre shorter space of ground than it proves to be, the frustrating of that vaine conceit makes it seem longer than the truth." Bacon. On Learning, by G. Wats, b. vi. p. 298. He breaks off the whole session, and dismisses them and their grievances with scorn and frustration. Milton. An Answer to Eikon Basilikè. But if subscribers may take the liberty of affixing their own sense to the public forms, in contradiction to the known sense of the imposers, all those ends are liable to be miserably defeated and frustrated. Waterland. Works, vol. ii. p. 289. The Trojan warrior, touch'd with timely fear, On the rais'd orb to distance bore the spear: The Greek, retreating, mourn'd his frustrate blow, And curs'd the treacherous lance that spar'd a foe. Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xiii. An exhortation is not frustrate, if a man be but able to come up to it partially, though not entirely and perfectly. South, vol. vii. Ser. 5. And if God gives not repenting grace, there will be an hard heart, and a dry eye, maugre all the poor frustraneous endeavours of nature.-Id. vol. ix. Ser. 6. Besides, the fruitless, frustraneous vanity of such an essay; for bring all the force of rhetorick in the world; yet vice never can be praised into virtue, a rotten thing cannot be painted sound.-Id. vol. viii. Ser. 7. Surely the frustration of their hopes, and the huge contrariety of these things to their beloved pre-convinced notions, could not but enrage them to the greatest disdain and rejection of his person and doctrine imaginable. Id. vol. iii. Ser. 8. In short all frustration in the first essays of a vicious course, is a baulk to the confidence of the bold undertaker. Id. vol. iv. Ser. 4. The constraint which their presence [the aged] will impose, and the aversion which their manners will create, if the one be constantly awful, and the other severe, tend to frustrate the effect of all their wisdom.-Blair, vol. i. Ser. 12. Is it to be supposed, that he should disappoint his creatures, and frustrate those very desires [of immortality] which he himself implanted. Beattie. Moral Science, vol. i. App. By asking, "How long, Lord? wilt thou be angry for ever?" she tacitly pleadeth his promise not to be so; she urgeth the shortness of man's life here below, the universality of the fatal sentence, the impossibility of avoiding death, and, if nothing farther was to happen, the frustration of the divine counsels concerning man. FRUTICANT. fruticis, fruit. Bp. Horne. Com. on Psalms, Ps. 39. Lat. Fruticans, from Frutex, Bearing fruit, fruiting. These we shall divide into the greater or more ceduous, fruticant, or shrubby.-Evelyn, Introd. s. 3. FRY, v. Fr. Frire; It. Friggere; Sp. Freyer; FRY, n. Lat. Frig-ere, from the Gr. Þpuy-ew, which Vossius considers to be formed from the sound. To dry, to parch, to heat;-applied to a parti- But certainly I made folk swiche chere; Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 6069. He that wyll nedes eat them [gourdes] must boyle them, roste them, or frye them. Sir T. Elyot. The Castel of Helth, b. ii. For still I spurr'd up his untam'd desire, Warner. Albion's England, b. iii. c. 13. Sale. This came from Mayne. The City Match, Act iii. sc. 1. Continual burning yet no fire or fuel, P. Fletcher. Contemnenti. Perhaps no salt is thrown about the dish, Our gudgeons, taking opportunity of jumping after they are flowered, give occasion to the admirable remark of sonie persons' folly, when, to avoid the danger of the frying-pan, they leap into the fire.-King. The Art of Cookery. At the top a fried liver and bacon was seen, At the bottom was tripe in a swinging tureen. Goldsmith. The Haunch of Venison. FRY. Fr. Fray, the spawn of fish; frayer, to rub; also, to spawn as fishes. Menage, from frictus, quia pisces affrictu coeunt. Skinner, from the Dan. Fraade, spuma, froth. Applied toA numerous progeny or race, or offspring; a swarm (particularly of small young fishes.) From which attempts a floud of mischiefe flowes, An heape of hurtes, a frie of foule decaies, A flocke of feares, and thrals a thousand waies. Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 5h. For the Romanes had ever the commons of Rome; they had alwayes the youth of Latium readie at hand; who still increas'd more and more the new frie, and daily grew in number to make supplie, & to repair and furnish out so many armies that were defeated-Holland. Livivs, p. 711. What a fry of fools is here? I see 'tis treason to understand in this house. Beaum. & Fletch. The Coronation, Act i. sc. 1. I am vext, vext to the soul, will rid my house of this unchristen'd fry, and never ope my doors again. Id. Fair Maid of the Inn, Act iii. sc. 1. Be still in gravest company: and flye The wanton rabble of the youngest frye. F. Beaumont. The Remedie of Love. The Conclusion. So close behind some promontory lie The huge Leviathans t' attend their prey And give no chase, but swallow in the frie, Which through their gaping jaws mistake the way. Dryden. Annus Mirabilis, s. 203. What their [the herrings] food is near the pole, we are not yet informed, but in our seas they feed much on the oniscus marinus, a crustaceous insect, and sometimes on their own fry.-Pennant. Zoology. The Common Herring. His [Johnson] the true fire, where creep the witling fry To warm themselves, and light their rush-lights by. Lloyd. Epistle to C. Churchill, See To FOB. A fub or fubs, is, perhaps, one fubbed or fobbed, cheated or gulled; and thus applied to a fat, chub-headed person. Fubs, fubby,-are in common speech applied to children. FUB, v. FUB, n. FUBBERY. Mer. You should not make a laughing stock, good brother, Of one that wrongs you not; I do profess I won't be fubb'd, ensure yourself. Cartwright. The Ordinary, Activ. sc. 4 Tho. Why doll, why doll, I say: my letter fub'd too, And no access without I mend my manners. Beaum. & Fletch. Monsieur Thomas, Act ii. sc. 2, That same foule deformed fubs. Rub and a Great Cast, (1614.) Ep. 44. Mal. O no; but dream the most fantastical, O heaven! O fubbery, fubbery. Marston. The Malcontent, Act 1. sc. 8. Lat. Fucare, fucatum, to stain or tinge with a colour or dye. FUCATE. Fu'cus. For in vertue may be nothing fucate or counterfayte. Id. The Divelle is an Asse, Act iil. sc. 4. They make fukes to paint and embellish the eye browca. Holland. Plinic, b. xxiii. c. 4. FU/DDLE, v. Still a common word in the northern parts of England. Skinner observes, that the Scotch use full, and the Ger. voll, pro ebrio,for drunk, and that hence fudle may be formed by the insertion of the letter d, (it is perhaps ful-dle;) and thus mean To fill (sc.) with strong drink, to intoxicate. Host. That note's enough, he's mine, I'll fuddle him Or lye 'ith the suds. Beaum. & Fletch. The Captain, Act ili. sc. 4 FUGUE. Skinner has: Fugue, which, he says, he had nowhere seen, except in the English Dictionary; and which he explains, A certain harmony or consent in musick." Cotgrave has the same word, and calls it, "A chace or report of musick, like two or more parts in one." In It. Fuga, from the Lat. Fuga, flight. The reports, and fuges, have an agreement with the figures in rhetorick, of repetition, and traduction. Bacon. Naturall Historie, §. 113. Either while the skilful organist plies his grave and fancied descant in lofty fugues, or the whole symphony with artful and unimaginable touches adorn and grace the wellstudied chords of some choice composer. Milton. Of Education. His volant touch Instinct through all proportions low and high Fled and pursu'd transverse the resonant fugue. Id. Paradise Lost, b. xi. Apollo ceas'd-the Muses take the sound, From voice to voice th' harmonious notes rebound, And echoing lyres transmit the volant fugue around. Hughes. The Court of Neptune. Let us carry on our preparation for heaven, not by abstracting ourselves from the concerns of this world, but by fulfilling the duties and offices of every station in life. Blair, vol. i. Ser. 4. Thus we see, from the nature, end, and condition of this political, ceremonial, and moral economy, that Jesus was the fulfiller of the law; and, from his doing this in the very manner the inspired men of old predicted, that he was likewise the fulfiller of the prophets. Warburton. Works, vol. ix. Ser. 5 With what entire confidence ought we to wait for the fulId. Letter to Steele.filment of all his other promises in their due time; even discouraging.-Blair, vol. i. Ser. 5. when events are most embroiled, and the prospect is most The overture of Alexander ought to be great and noble; instead of which, I find only a hurry of the instruments not proper, in my poor opinion, and without any design or fugue. FULCIMENT. Lat. Fulcimen, from fulcire; FULCRUM. "Fr. Fulcir; to underset, underprop, support, sustain, uphold," (Cotgrave.) That which underprops, supports, sustains or But when Alexander was come to Taba, whiche is the upholds: applied to the centrical prop, upon The adj.-able to fly; volatile, fleeting. chiefe citie of Paratacen, it was there shewed hym by fugitiurs that came out of Darius cape, how he was fled with al spede into Bactria.-Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 133. Had I Hippomenes' bright fruit, which stay'd Sherburne. Metamorphoses of Lyrian & Sylvio. Ariobarzanis dying by misfortune, the Armenians would endure none of his race; but tried the regiment of a woman called Eratus, whom they expulsed in a short time and led an vncertaine and loose kinde of life, rather without a lord, than in libertie: and in the ende receiued the fugitiue Vonones againe.-Greneway. Tacitus. Annales, p. 34. The fickleness and fugitiveness of servants justly addeth a valuation to their constancy who are standards in a family. Fuller. Worthies. General Worthies, c. 11. Notwithstanding any disposition made or to be made by virtue or colour of any attainder, outlawry, fugacy, or other forfeiture.-Milton. On the Articles of Peace. Well therefore did the experienc'd Columella put his gard'ner in the mind of the fugaciousness of the seasons, and the necessity of being industrious. Evelyn. Introduction to the Kalendar. In youth alone, unhappy mortals live; Dryden. Virgil. Georgics, b. iii. It so happened, that this year one Stafford had gone into France and gathered some of the English fugitives together, and with money and ships, that were secretly given him by that court, had come and seized on the castle of Scarborough.-Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1557. And even the spirit and salt of sheep's blood itself did, by their penetrancy of taste, and fugitiveness in gentle heats, promise little less efficacy than those other so much celebrated medicines.-Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 215. I have suspected that most of these volatile salts having 50 great a resemblance in smeil, in taste and fugitiveness, differ but little, if at all, in their medicinal properties. Id. Ib. vol. i. p. 534. By this means the volatile salt being loosened or disentangled from the rest, and being of a very fugacious nature, flies easily away itself, without staying long enough to take up any other salt with it.-Id. Ib. vol. iv. p. 300. It is very likely, that the heat produced by a medicine, which by reason of its fugacity would stay but a very short time in the body, will not be so lasting as that of ordinary sudorificks.-Id. Ib. vol. ii. p. 237. By our experiment, its fugacity is so restrained, that not only the caput mortuum, newly mentioned, endured a good fire in the retort, before it was reduced to that pitchy substance we were lately mentioning; but, &c. Id. Ib. vol. iii. p. 78. which any thing may turn. When we shall have every thought, word, &c. of our whole lives laid open and made known before all the world, (as at that day they shall be,) our hearts will need a most special strong fulcrum, support and sustainer (as the word imports,) to establish, or bear up their hearts, before the great God, and all the saints.-Goodwin. Works, vol. ii. pt. iv. p. 335. It is certain, though there should be the greatest imaginable weight and the least imaginable power, (suppose the whole world, and the strength of one man or infant;) yet if we conceive the same disproportion betwixt their several distances in the former faculties, from the fulciment, or centre of gravity, they would both equiponderate. Wilkins. Archimedes. On Mechanical Powers, c. 12. When the balance hangs on a stable fulcrum, you have both your hands to help you, and need not be tempted by weariness to desist before the balance be brought to rest in a perfect æquilibrium.-Boyle. Works, vol. v. p. 469. The same spine was also to serve another use not less wanted than the preceding, viz. to afford a fulcrum, stay, or basis (or more properly speaking, a series of these), for the insertion of the muscles which are spread over the trunk of the body.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 8. This Alla king hath swiche compassioun, Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 5080. For God confirmyng the lawe of nature, comanded earnestly that euery ma should honour & succour his father & mother, promising long lyfe and felicitie of thys lyfe vnto the doer & fulfiller thereof: threatnyng death to hym that doeth the contrary.-Udal. Matthew, c. 15 And so the lawe must bee content to admitte all these men to bee fulfillers & doers of ye law.-Barnes. Workes, p. 240. And here we offer and present vnto thee, O Lord, ourselves, our soules and bodies, to be a reasonable, holy, and liuely sacrifice unto thee, humbly beseeching thee, that all we which be partakers of this holy communion may be fulfilled with thy grace and heavenly benediction. The Booke of Com. Prayer. The Communion. You, who of God the will reveal'd neglect, And do his law not labour to fulfill, Mark how the Ethnicks idols did affect, In dangerous times depending on their will. Stirling. Doomes-day. The Fifth Houre. bright, shining, splendid. At last, as from a cloud, his fulgent head And Nature play her fiery games, In this forc'd night, with fulgurant flames. More. Philosophical Poems, (1647.) p. 314. If enclosed in a glass vessel well stopped, it sometimes would fulgurate, or throw out little flashes of light, and sometimes fill the whole vial with waves of flames. Philosophical Transactions, No. 134. The shine gave such a lightning from one to another, so as you should be forced to turn them [the eyes] elsewhere, or not too stedfastly to behold their fulguration. Donne. History of the Septuagint, (1633.) p. 37. But other Thracians, who their former name Retain'd in Asia, fulgent morions wore, With horns of bulls in imitating brass Curv'd o'er the crested ridge. Glover. Leonidas, b. iv. FULIGINOUS. Lat. Fuligo, (perhaps FuFULIGINOUSLY. miligo, from fumus, smoke,) nigrum illud, quod ex pingui ustorum fumo condensatur, et camino, vel parietibus adhæret, (Vossius.) That black substance, which is condensed from the fat smoke of things burnt, and which adheres to the flue or walls. And the usual periphrasis of hell torments, fire and brimstone, is wonderfully applicable to the place we have been describing; since it abounds with fuliginous flames, and sulphurous stench and vapour. Glanvill. Pre-existence of Souls, c. 14. The leaf of burrage hath an excellent spirit to repress the fuliginous vapour of dusky melancholy, and so to cure madness.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 18. These few particulars I have but mentioned to animate improvements and ingenious attempts of detecting more cheap and useful processes for ways of charking coals, peat, and the like fuliginous materials. Evelyn. A Discourse on Forest Trees, c. 30. In the fits of the strange distemper he laboured under, he divers times observed, that that part of his pillow which his breath passed along, would by the strange fuliginous steams, which that carried off with it, be blacked over, as if it had been held in some sooty smoke or other. Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 82. FULL, adj Goth. Fuls; A. S. Full; Dut. Vol; Ger. Voll; Sw. Full, past tense and part. of A. S. Fyllan, to fill, (qv.) Full is much used prefixed. It is also much used affixed, with no other necessary limitation than of cautious discretion: --Fearful; i. e. full of the feeling of fear; also of that which causes or excites the feeling :-handful, mouthful; i. e. of any thing, any substance,bread, water. It receives the terminations, ly and ness-with the same limitation. An yle god & riche ynowe, the se goth al a boute: Id. p. 13. Than blewe the trumpes fulle loud & fulle schille. A wreth of gold arm-gret, of huge weight, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2149. Id The Clerkes Tale, 7. 8625. When the orison was don of Palamon, Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2265. And with that word they risen sodenly, Thus hath she fulliche ouercome So that I mot hir nedes serue.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv. The state of your affection, for your passions Shakespeare. All's Well that Ends Well, Act i. sc. 3. Win. The true part of an honest man; I cannot Ford. The Witch of Edmonton, Act i. sc. 1. And they themselves made quarrell, and charged the Romanes with wrongs ofred first: and neverthelesse they justified themselves for any thing by them done, and answered all objections that were laid against them full stoutly. Holland. Livivs, p. 297. Jehovah here fully accomplish'd hath Donne. Jeremy, c. 4. Since he had received the Cardinal's letters, he seem'd to taste and feel a reformation of the whole ecclesiastical hiearchy of England, more full and exact, than he could before in that age have divined, much less hoped for. Strype. Memorials. Henry VIII. an. 1523. All hail, Patroclus! let thy vengeful ghost Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xxiii. A short sentence may be oftentimes a large and a mighty prayer. Devotion, so managed, being like water in a well, where you have fulness in a little compass. South, vol. ii. Ser. 4. There is however a circumstance attending those colonies, But long ere scarce a third of his pass'd by, Then loathed he in his native land to dwell, FULL, v. A.S. Fullian, fullare, polire vestes, To tread or trample down, beat or press down, and thus, to thicken. And hise clothis weren maad ful schynyng & whight as And his rayment dyd shyne, and was made very whyte, To come then to the mysterie of fuller's craft; first they Holland. Plinie, b. xxxv. c. 17. This fuller's-earth, Cimolia, is of a cooling nature, and being used in the forme of a liniment, it staieth immoderat sweats. The same taken inwardly with wine in the baine or hote house, restraineth the breaking foorth of pimples. Id. Ib. A purchase granted to the Lady Johan Denny for the sum Dodsley. Agriculture, c. 3. To throw forth light or lightning; to act with And ever and anon the rosy red Thence to the famous orators repair, Id. Paradise Regained, b. iv. And it is very probable, that if the Pope had not, with that violent passion, that Italians have for the advancing their families, run into the proposition for marrying his niece to the Duke of Orleans, he would have fulminated upon this occasion.-Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1531. When the King's [Charles] ablest servant had, in the great wants of the treasury, encouraged his master to break his faith, so often pledged to his Parliament, never more to exert any of those branches of baleful prerogative, which was opening his way to his own ruin, by habituating his they had so often fulminated; he little suspected that he of which was protection to himself. royal master to think slightly of his promises, in the number Warburton. Works, vol. x. Ser. 19. FULSOME. Mr. Tyrwhitt interprets fulsumnesse, satiety; and Junius says, nauseous, whatever from too great abundance provokes nausea; from full, plenus. Wallis also considers it to be a compound of full and some. Skinner adds, or q. d foulsome. Foul, gross, rank, and thus-nauseous. Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,719. mune, my boke shoulde be as fastidious or fulsome to the Wherefore leste in repeting a thing so frequent and comreders, as suche marchaunt preachers be nowe to their customers, I wylle reuerentely take my leaue of diuines. Sir T. Elyot. Governorr, b. i. c. 21. A thousand silken puppets should have died Drayton. To the Lady I. S. Of Worldly Crosses. Thirdly, God was sorely displeased with his people, because they builded, decked and trimmed up their own houses, and suffered God's house to be in ruine and decay, to lie uncomely, and fulsomely. Homilies. Serm. for repairing and keeping clean Churches. It is not emptyness only, but fulsomness; for though a man is not nourish'd by them, and so satisfied, yet he is cloyed and daubed with them; and then loathing comes, which is joyned with sorrow.-Goodwin Works, vol. iii, p. 339. That more sluggish dulcor of the blood will be sometime Dryden. Suum Cuique. Mortals whose pleasures are their only care, Couper. Progress of Error. gere. Tawny, yellow. And in right colours to the life depaint FUMAGE. More. Psychozoia, b. i. s. 3. From the Lat. Fumus, smoke. As early as the Conquest mention is made in Domesday Book of fumage or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings; which were paid by custom to the king for every chimney in the house.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 8. FUMBLE, v. Dut. Fommelen; Sw. Famla. FUMBLER. Manibus ultro citroque perFU'MBLING, n. tentare ut solent, qui in teneFU'MBLINGLY. bris obambulant,-Ihre, who thinks the Lat. Palmus to be of the same family. Skinner's interpretation is, Ineptè tractare seu rem aggredi; to handle, manage or attempt any thing foolishly or inaptly. To do any thing, to act, inefficiently, inaptly, bunglingly, weakly to act with imbecile effort or exertion, where the thing aimed at is scarcely touched or reached. Eche of them calleth other false fumblinge Heretikes. 863 But being taken up in a trip & found fumbling in their answere, they were commaunded to void out of the counselchamber.--Holland. Livivs, p. 1130. In phrensie, wherein men are bestraught of their right wits, to have a care of the skirts, fringes and welts of their garments, that they be in good order; to keepe a fumbling and pleiting of the bed-cloths, &c. prognosticate death. Id. Plinie, b. vii. c. 51. He heard his wife Calpurnia, being fast asleep, weep and sigh, and put forth many fumbling lamentable speeches. North. Plutarch, p. 613. Imagine then your Highlander Cotton, (Charles.) Epistle to the Earl of For that is the reason, why many good schollars speake but fumblingly; like a rich man that for want of particular note and difference, can bring you no certaine ware readily out of his shop.-B. Jonson. Discoveries. For the atheist's pretence to wit and natural reason, (though the foulness of his mind makes him fumble very dotingly in the use thereof,) makes the er.thusiast secure that reason is no guide to God. More. Of Enthusiasm, pt. ii. s. 1. Disabled wasting whore-masters are not Otway. Prologue to N. Lee's Constantine the Great. My hand trembles to that degree that I can hardly hold my pen, my understanding flutters, and my memory fumbles. Chesterfield. Miscell. Works, vol. iv. Let. 71. FÜME, v. FUME, n. FU'MID. FU'MIGATE. FUMIGA'TION. FU'MING, n. FU'MINGLY. FU'MISH. FU'MISHLY. FU'MOUS. FUMO'SITY. FU'MOUSLY. FU'MY. Fr. Fumer; It. Fumare; Sp. Humear, ahumar. By similar metaphor, says Junius, the English use the verb to vapour; He fumeth and vapoureth; from the Lat. Fumus, smoke, exhalation. Skinner prefers the Ger. Faum, foam; to foam through passion. In Å. S. Faman, spumare, to foam. To smoke, to vapour, to eva porate, to exhale; and (met.) to effervesce with any ebullition of passion; to swell or glow with any idle fancy or vain conceit. Hir dremes shul not now be told for me; Ful were hir hedes of fumositie, That causeth dreme, of which ther is no charge. Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,671. Of which ther riseth swiche fumositee He is in Spaigne.-Id. The Pardoneres Tale, v. 12,501. But cuen yet styll thei stand without the doores fuming and freatyng, for that the churche reioyeth for the Gentiles received to the saluacion of the Ghospell.-Udal. Luke, c. 15. If they [egges] be fried harde, they be of yll nourishment, and do make stynkynge fumes in the stomake, and do corrupt other meates wyth whome they be mingled. Sir T. Elyot. Governour, b. ii. The said house whiche Solemon builte in Hierusalem, was a busie thing, with slaughter of beastes, with fumigacions, wyth washynges, and verai troubleous with perfumes. Udal. Luke, c. 24. They [deuotion and knowledge] savour togither farre more sweetly than any fumigation either of juniper, incense, or whatsoeuer else, be they neuer so pleasant, doth sauour in any man's nose. Fox. Martyrs, p. 1017. Answer of John Lambert. As touching the reproche in naming him a Samaritane, although it were commonly taken for great rebuke and slaundre, yet because it was naught elles but a fumishe checke spoken in a furie, he made no answere at al therevnto, as though they had but called hym a mushrome, or an oynion.-Udal. John, c. 8. This Pope was not profytable for them, nor also to the church as they said, for he was a fumisshe man and malincolyous. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 346. And if he had not in the front of his booke intituled himselfe to be an Englishman, by his writing I woulde haue judged him rather some wilde Irishman latelie crept out of S. Patrickes purgatorie, so wilde he writeth, so fumishlie he fareth.-Fox. Martyrs, p. 534. Defence of the Lord Cobham. Wherefore if it be true, that M. More sayth in the sequell of his booke, that grace and charity increaseth in them that lye in the paynes of purgatory, then is it not agreeable, that Buch soules lying so long in purgatory should so soone forget their charity, and fall a railing in their supplication so fumishly.-Id 18. p.927. Supplication for Souls in Purgatory, ¡ And if in the mornynge he fele any fumosities rysynge, than to drinke julep of violettes, or for lacke thereof, a good draught of verie smalle ale or biere, somewhat warmed, without eatynge any thynge after it. Sir T. Elyot. Castel of Helth, d. 11. And heaping wordes vpon wordes, would gladly belike that the partie should haue caried them away, and well remembred them, and therefore saied fumously vnto him, dost thou heare me ?-Wilson. Arte of Rhetorique, p. 151. Even such is all their vaunted vanitie, Naught else but smoke that fumeth soone away. So corrosive is this smoke about the city, that if one would hang up gammons of bacon, beefe, or other fleshe to fume, and prepare it in the chimnies, as the good housewifes do in the country, where they make use of sweeter fuell, it will so mummifie, drie up, waste and burne it, that it suddenly crumbles away, consumes and comes to nothing. Evelyn. Fumifugium, pt. i. Seeing that the one of them when the wine had a little fumed up into the head began both to speak and do foolishly, and contrariwise that the other held his own and dranke warily; he pardoned and let go the one, but the other he put to death.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 335. Then there is a repulsion of the fume, by some higher hill or fabrick that shall overtop the chimney. Reliquia Wottonianæ, p. 38. She, out of love, desires me not to go to Shirley. The Merchant's Wife, Act iv. sc. 5. Thus iron in aquafortis will fall into ebullition, with noise and emication, as also a crass and fumid exhalation. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. Two or three of these fumid vortices are able to whirle it about the whole city, rendering it in a few minutes like the picture of Troy sacked by the Greeks, or the approaches of Mount Hecla.-Evelyn. Fumifugium, pt. i. Sub. O, good sir! There must be a world of ceremonies passe, B. Jonson. The Alchymist, Act i. sc. 2. O fancie fond, thy fumings hath me fed, Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 250. That which we moove for our better learning and instruction sake, turneth to anger and choler in them: they grow altogether out of quietnesse with it; they answer fumingly, that they are ashamed to defile their pennes with making answers to such idle questions. Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. s. 22. Newcastle was besieg'd and blocked up in our late wars, so as through the great dearth and scarcity of coales, those fumous works many of them were either left off, or spent but few coales in comparison to what they now use. Evelyn. Fumifugium, pt. i. Eaten after meate when a man is drunken indeed, it riddeth away the fumosities in the braine, and bringeth him to be sober.-Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 9. FUMETTE. Skinner thinks from the Lat Fimus. Menage,-Fumées de Cerf. Cervorum ster cus; from fimata, fumata, fumée. "Fr. Fumées; the dung or excrements of deer, called by woodmen fewmets or few mishing," (Cotgrave.) For by his slot, his entries, and his port, ? B. Jonson. The Sad Shepherd, Act i. FUN. Not in our old Lexicographers, FUNNY. Skinner, Junius, or Minshew. haps from Fain, A. S. Fægen, lætus, hilaris; and thus, Jocosus, jocose, jesting. Sportive, mirthful drollery. Here Whitefoord reclines, and deny it who can, Per Goldsmith. Retaliation. bulus, from funis, a rope, and ambulare, to walk, to move about. Evelyn, in his Numismata, speaks of a Cat under the name of a Funamble Turk. Funambulo, a walker or dancer upon a rope. I make no more estimation of the like, [tricks of artificial memory] whereof in the faculties of the mind there is great copia, and such as by device and practice may be exalted to an extreme degree of wonder, than I do of the tricks of tumblers, funamboloes, &c.—Bacon. Adv. of Learning, b. ii. We see the industry and practice of tumblers and funambulos, what effects of great wonder it bringeth the body of a man unto.-Id. Letters. Temp. Jac. To Sir Henry Saville. You have so represented -unto me as methinks I see him walking not like a funambulus upon a cord, but upon the edge of a razor.-Reliquiæ Wottonianæ, p. 367. Tread softly and circumspectly in this funambulatory track and narrow path of goodness.-Brown. Chr. Mor i. I. FUNCTION. Į Fr. Function; It. Funzione; from Fungi, inest in hac voce notio, (says Vossius,) FUNCTIONARY. Sp. Funcion; Lat. Functio, perficiendi ac perdu cendi ad finem; a notion of performing and bringing to an end. rives it from finis, the end. Performance of an object, of an office or duty; an office, faculty or power. And he de Neyther had God's open veryte condempned them, for preferynge vyrgynyte as the better or more comodyouse gyfte, or as S. Paule noteth it, more free to all godly func cions.-Bale. Apology, fol. 106. I bear them hence (so Jove my soul inspires) But, least of all, Philosophy presumes Dryden. The Hind and the Panther. Id. Virgil. Georgics, b. iv. I shall only subjoin this secret, which a friend of mine practises, in preserving the fumigated juices of herbs. Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 144. It was the custom of the ancients to force bees out of their hives by fumigation.-Fawkes. The Argonautics, b. ii. Note. Tyrian garbs, Neptunian Albion's high testaceous food, And flavour'd Chian wines with incence fum'd To slake patrician thirst. Dyer. Ruins of Rome. And fum'd with frankincence on ev'ry side He begs their flatt'ry with his latest breath, And smother'd in't at last, is prais'd to death. Cowper, Truth. - Great pity too Id. Task, b. ii. So slow th' unprofitable moments roll, Pope. Imitation of Horace, b. i. Ep. 1. All human bodies, for example, though each of them consists of almost an infinite number of parts, are perfectly uniform in their structure and functions; and the same thing may be said of all the animals and plants of any par ticular species.-Beattie. Moral Science, pt. ii c. 1. We ought to fall in with the ideas of Mons. Montmorin's circular manifesto; and to do business of course with the functionaries, who act under the new power, by which that king, to whom his majesty's minister has been sent to re side, has been deposed and imprisoned. Burke. Thoughts on French Affairs. Their republick is to have a first functionary, (as they call him) under the name of king, or not, as they think fr. Id. I } FUND, v. The Lat. Funda, a sling, a FUND, R. net, was also applied to a bag FUND-HOLDER. or purse, formed like a net, (a reticule,) fortasse quia nummos iis infunderent effunderentque, or from its likeness to a sling. Cotgrave says,-the tax or aide which in the year 1412 should have been imposed on every arpent (acre) was called fond de terre. Fond, he says, is also, a merchant's stock, whether it be money or money's worth. (See REFUND.) It is now applied to Any stock; and to fund, to place or invest money in the (public) stocks. The parliament went on slowly in fixing the fund for the supplies they had voted.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1698. It has been said, that our funding system has contributed to preserve the effects of our revolution, to preserve the interests, and keep up the spirit of the country, to enable us to thwart the ambitious views of the house of Bourbon. Fox. Speech on the Assessed Tax Bill, Dec. 14. 1797. On the 31st of December, 1697, the publick debts of Great Britain funded and unfunded amounted to £21,515,742. 13s. 8d.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 3. In 1697, by the 8th of William III. c. 20, the deficiencies of several taxes were charged upon what was then called the first general mortgage or fund, consisting of a prolongation to the first of August 1706, of several different taxes which would have expired within a shorter term, and of which the produce was accumulated into one general fund. Id. Ib. In Great Britain, from the time that we had first recourse to the ruinous expedient of perpetual funding, the reduction of the publick debt, in time of peace, has never borne any proportion to its accumulation in the time of war.-Id. Ib. Would you tax the land proprietor by a direct impost? No, it is not attempted. Would you tax the property of the fund-holder? No, no minister has yet been either blind or abandoned enough to attempt it. Fox. Speech on the Assessed Tax Bill, Dec. 14, 1797. It [is] thus manifest that the power of kings and maferr'd and committed to them in trust from the people to the gistrates is nothing else, but what is only derivative, transcommon good of them all, in whom the power yet remains fundamentally, and cannot be taken from them, without a violation of their natural birthright. Milton. The Tenure of Kings & Magistrates. The angry beast did straight resent The wrong done to his fundament.-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 2. Fundamental is a metaphor taken from the foundation of a building, upon which the fabrick is erected, and without which it cannot stand. So that fundamental principles are such as are presupposed to the duties of religion (one or more) and such, as are absolutely necessary to the doing of them.-Glanvill, Ess. 5. Lord Verulam, at the beginning of the last century, expressed his judgment of the great importance of distinguishing rightly between points fundamental and points of further perfection; so he worded the distinction, though I think not accurately.-Waterland. Works, vol. viii p. 87. And this examinant further saith, that the fundamentals in this examinant's last examination mentioned to be prepared by Mr. Wade, Col. Romzey and this examinant, were only rough drawn up by the said Mr. Wade's own hand. State Trials, an. 1683. Introd. to the Rye-House Plot. But I am able to prove, from the doctrine of Calvin and the principles of Buchanan, that they set the people above the magistrate; which, if I mistake not, is your own fundamental, and which carries your loyalty no farther than your liking-Dryden. Epistle to the Whigs. When we apply the epithet fundamental either to religion in general or to Christianity in particular, we are supposed to mean something essential to religion or Christianity; so necessary to its being, or at least to its well-being, that it could not subsist, or not maintain itself tolerably without it. Waterland. Works, vol. viii. p. 88. This notion shows the extreme folly and absurdity of all He did not reflect that a fundamental truth (which he Fundamental Fonda FUNDAMENT. FUNDAMENTAL, N. FUNDAMENTAL, adj. mentale; Lat. FundamenFUNDAMENTALLY. talis, from fundamentum, from fundare, to lay deeply. See FOUNDATION. The bottom, ground, or basis, i. e. that upon which any thing may stand or rest, be set, raised or established, from which any thing may rise or spring. He is lyk to a man that bildeth an hous, that diggide depe and sette the foundement on a stoon.-Wiclif. Luk, c. 6. And yet, God wot, uneth the fundament N'is not a tile within our wones: One, bred up in the arts of Egyptian legislation, could people to government on maxims of religion and policy never, on his own head, have thou ht of reducing an unruly fundamentally opposite to all the principles of Egyptian wisdom.-Id. On Several Occasional Reflections. FUNERAL, n. FUNE'REAL. FUNEBRIAL. Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7685. bably from povos, The stone was hard of adamaunt The tour was round made incompas.-Id. Rom. of the R. The which thinge is sustayned, by as stronge foundements of reason, that is to sain, that more unselie ben thei, that don wrongs to other folke, then thei that wrong suffren. Id. Boecius b. iv. Her cercles more or less bee Made after the proporcion Of the erthe whose condicion To sustaine vp the firmament.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii. Now suppose that Heraclitus or Eriostratus the physielans; nay Esculapius himself whilst he was a mortall man, should come to an house furnished with drugs, medicines and instruments requisite for the cure of diseases, and ask whether any man there had a fistula in ano, that is, an hollow and hidden ulcer within his fundament. Holland. Plutarch, p. 114. And this I take to be a great cause, that hath hindered the progression of learning, because these fundamental knowleges have been studied but in passage. Bacon. Advancement of Learning, b. ii. For as Philippe de l'Orine observeth, the breaking or yielding of a stone in this part [substruction,] but the breadth of the back of a knife, will make a cleft of more than half a foot in the fabrick aloft: so important are fundamental errors.-Reliquiæ Wottonianæ, p. 19. The law of nature is the only law of laws truly and properly to all mankind fundamental, the beginning and the end of all government; to which no parlament or people that will thoroughly reform, but may and must have recourse.-Milton. Free Commonwealth. VOL. I. Written by our old writers, Funeralls. Fr. Funérailles; Lat. Funus. Either from funis, a torch; because funerals were performed by torch light; or more procædes, slaughter, because proman slain, (Vossius.) It is The performance of the rite or ceremony of burial or sepulture of the dead; the burial, sepulture or interment. Funest (Fr. Funeste; It. and Sp. Funesto; Lat. Funestus, deadly, pernicious,) seems a favourite word with Evelyn. And after that came woful Emelie, With fire in hond, as was that time the gise To don the office of funeral service. Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2914. After that he had thrust forth from the funerals the mournyng multitude, he taking the father and mother of the mayden, entred into the parlour, where the corps of the mayden dyd lye.-Udal. Matthew, c. 9. For before he came to his campe, hee was aduertised of This noble prince [Edward IV.] deceased at his palice of Nowe put me hereunto the trumpettes that sounde vnto Thus we see them walk and converse in London, pursu'd and haunted by that infernal smoake, and the funest accidents which accompany it wheresoever they retire. Evelyn. Fumifugium. To the Reader. [Mushrooms are] generally reported to have something malignant and noxious in them: por without cause, from the many sad examples, frequent mischiefs, and funest accidents they have produc'd, not only to particular persons but to whole families.-Id. Acelaria, s. 39. One of these crowns or garlands is most artificially wrought in fillagree work with gold and silver wire, in resemblance of myrtle (with which plants the funebrial garlands of the ancients were composed.)-Brown. Miscell. Tracts, p. 29. The work once ended, all the vast resort Congreve. Helen's Lamentation. From the red field their scatter'd bodies bear; Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. vii. Unless with filial rage Orestes glow, Id. Odyssey, b. iv. Near the end of two years, at the anniversary of his mother's funeral, who had died but a few years before, having lived long mad, he [Charles V.] took a conceit that he would see an obit made for himself, and would have his own funeral-rites performed, to which he came himself, with the rest of the monks, and pray'd most devoutly for the rest of his own soul, which set all the company on weeping. Burnet. Hist. of the Reformation, an. 1556. Its [asbestos] principal use, according to Pliny, was for the making of shrouds for royal funerals, to wrap up the of the wood whereof the funeral-pile was composed. corps so as the ashes might be preserved distinct from that Cambridge. The Scribleriad, b. iv. We are not to imagine, however, as it is commonly believed, that these violences were owing to the general indignation of the citizens against the murderers of Cæsar, excited either by the spectacle of his body, or the eloquence of Antony, who made the funeral oration. Middleton. Life of Cicero, vol. iii. s. 9 I haste, where gleams the funeral glare around, FUNGE. to Fr. Funge; Lat. Fungus, from fundere, (in the opinion of Scheidius,) effundens se, et latè crescens; pouring itself forth, and Funge is applied by Burton One who has no more brains than a toadstool has substance; an empty-headed fellow. When as indeed, in all wise men's judgments, quibus cor sapit, they are mad, empty vessels, funges. Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 113. Touching those excressences in manner of mushromes, which be named fungi, they are by nature more dull and slow.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxii. c. 23. We We may be sure of raine, in case we see a fungous substance or soot gathered about lamps and candle snuffs. Id. Ib. b. xviii. c. 35. Thou, late exulting in thy golden hair, As bright as Phoebus, or as Cynthia fair, Now view'st, alas! thy forehead smooth and plain As the round fungus daughter of the rain. Fawkes. From Petronius. Eggs cast into the matrix of the earth, or certain little pustulæ, or fungosities on its surface. Biblioth. Bibl. (Ox. 1720.) i. 292. The chief sign of life she [the Church of England] now gives is the exsuding from her sickly trunk a number of deformed funguses; which call themselves of her, because they stick upon her surface, and suck out the little remains of her sap and spirit.-Warburton. Introduction to Julian 5 S |