I did heare

The gallopping of horse. Who was't came by? Shakespeare. Macbeth, Activ. sc. 1.

He that rides post through a countrey may be able, from the transient view, to tell how in general the parts lie, and may be able to give some loose description of here a mounina, there a plain, here a morass, and there a river; woodland in one part, and savanas in another. Such superficial ideas and observations as these he may collect in gallopping over it.-Locke. On the Conduct of the Understanding, § 24. Engag'd his [Publicola's] legions in fierce bustles, With periwinkles, prawns, and muscles, And led his troops with furious gallops, To charge whole regiments of scallops.

Hudibras, pt. ii. c. 3.

If I have company they are a parcel of chattering magpies; if abroad I am a gagling goose; when I return, you are a fine galloper; women, like cats, should keep the house.-Guardian, No. 132.

Master Blifil now, with his blood running from his nose, and the tears galloping after from his eyes, appeared before his uncle and the tremendous Thwackum.

Fielding. History of a Foundling, b. fii. c. 4. GALLOW, Warburton says, is a West Country word, and Mr. Grose has "Galliment, a great fright. And Gallied, frightened. Exm." It is the A. S. A-ye an, to astony, abash, greatly affright. And see Galy, in Junius.

The wratnfull skies

Gallow the very wanderers of the darke
And make thein kepe their caues.

Shakespeare. Lear, Act iii. sc. 2. GALLOWAY. Dr. Jamieson thinks this word may be the Sw. and Ger. Wallach, which Wachter refers to gall, sterilis, castratus, and Ihre to the Wallachians. But see the quotation from Berenger.

And on his match as much the western horseman lays As the rank riding Scots upon their galloways. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 3. Tradition reports that this kind [galloways] of horses are sprung from some Spanish stallions, which swam on shore from some of the ships of the famous Spanish armada, which

were wrecked on the coast, and coupling with the mares of

the country, peopled the kingdom with their posterity. They were much esteemed, and of a middling size, strong, active, nervous, and hardy, and were called Galloways, from being first known in the countrey which bears that name.-Berenger. On Horsemanship, vol. i. p. 205.

GALLOWS. Goth. and A. S. Galga; Dut. Galghe, which latter, Vossius thinks, approaches very near to the Lat. Gabalus, a cross. Gallows is anciently written Galwe, and, probably, from the A. S. A-gelw-an, to affright; being raised in public view to inspire terror.

It is generally formed like the Greek П. The word is also applied to one deserving the gallows; deserving to be hanged.

Galwes do ge reise, and hyng this cheitefe.

R. Brunne, p. 172.

First was he drawen for his felonie,
And as a thefe than slawen, on galwes hanged hie.

Id. p. 247.

But to beware no grace yet he hadde, Til fortune on the galwes made him gape. Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,688. He that setteth a foole in hye dignite, that is euen as yf a man dyd caste a precyous stone upon the galous. Bible, 1551. Prouerbes, c. 26.

The more buxum wyll he bee,

That he were borowyd fro the galow tree,

I hope be hevyn kyng.

Had y not hyght to holde counsayle,

Clo. What is he that builds stronger than either the mason, the shipwright, or the carpenter?

Other. The gallowes-maker; for that frame out-liues a thousand tenants.-Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act v. sc. 1. At length him nayled on a gallow-tree And slew the iust by most uniust decree.

Spenser, Hymne 3. Of Heavenly Love.

Hudibras, pt. li. c. 1.

No Indian prince has to his palace More followers than a thief to the gallows. Let him be gallows-free by my consent And nothing suffer, since he nothing meant. Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel. What honour a man wins, or saves, by that which gives him an opportunity of being hanged, is hard to be understood; but he that mistakes the cart for a triumphal chariot, or the gallow-tree for a triumphal arch, may apply himself to the obtaining such victories as these.-South, vol. x. Ser. 6. Hold him fast, the dog; he has the gallows in his face. Goldsmith. The Good-Natured Man, Act v.

GALO'CHE. Skinner says, Galloshoes, creGA'LLOSHOES. pidæ ligneæ, wooden shoes, from the Fr. Galloches, galoches; Sp. Galocha; It. Galozza, calceus altior rusticus. Gallica, a kind of shoes, a word noticed by Aulus Gellius, as introduced not long before the age of Cicero, who uses it Phil. ii. 30; and hence the Fr. and It. are by Menage derived. See also Spelman, in v. Cotgrave," A woodden shooe, or patten, made all of a piece, without any latchet, or tye of leather, and worn by the poor clown in winter." And sprakliche he lokede

As is the kynd of a knyght. that cometh to be doubed
To geten hus gilte spores and goloches ytoped.
Piers Plouhman, p. 339.

Ne were worthy to unbocle his galoche.

Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,869.

Nay, all things yet remain so crusty,
That were I now but half so lusty
As when we kiss'd four months agone,
And had but Dutch galloshoes on,
At one run I would slide to Lon—.

Cotton. Upon the Great Frost. GA'LVERLY, q. Ge-liverly; equivalent to deliverly, (qv.) cleverly, actively.

If you happen upon a light gennet that is young and trotteth galverly, of good making, colour, and fast going, if you buy him for me for reasonable money and send him over, your money shall be repaid.

Wriothesley. To Sir. T. Wyatt. Oct. 1537.

GAMBAULD.
GAMBAU'DING.

GAMBA'DOES.
GA'MBOL, V.
GA'MBOL, n.

Fr. Gambader, gambiller;
.It. Sgambettare, which Me-
nage derives from the It.
Gamba; Fr. Jambe; Low
Lat. Campa, a leg, and this

from the Gr. Kauan, a joint.
Est tibi Gambæ capri, is rendered by Fuller,
Gamb'd like a goat, (Cornwall.)

"Fr. Gambiller,-to wag the legs in sitting, as children use to do. Gambader, to turn heels over head, make many gambols, fetch many frisks, show tumbling tricks," (Cotgrave.) So, in English, to gambol, is

To fetch many frisks or frolics; to skip, to caper, to play wantonly with the legs, to run about, jump about, playfully and nimbly; to jump or start aside.

Quid est quod sic gestis? What is the matter that you leape and skyppe so? for that you fet such gambauldes. Udal. The Flowers of Latine Speaking, fol. 72. With gambauding thriftles.

Skelton. Why Come ye not to Court? One of them as soone as hee sawe the boate, beganne to Le Bone Florence of Rome. Ritson, vol. iii. leape forward and backeward with so great nimblenesse, that doubtless he seemd to all of vs a man of great agilitie, and we took no small pleasure while we beheld them fetching these gambols.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 412. Some to disport them selfs their sondry maistries tried on grasse,

Thou shouldest be honged, wythowt fayle

Upon a galowe-tree.-The Erle of Toulous. Ib. vol. i.

Then went he to the market-place,

As fast as he coulde hye,

payre of new gallous there did he vp set,

Besyde the pyllory.

Adam Bel. Ib. Ancient Popular Poetry.

And some their gamboldes plaid, and some on sand their wrastling was. Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. vi.

I know not whether he [James I.] or his son first brought up the use of gambadoes, much worne in the west, whereby, while one rides on horseback, his leggs are in a coach, clean and warme, in those dirty countries.

Fuller. Worthies. Cornwall.

Tila. Be kinde and curteous to this gentleman,
Hop in his walkes, and gambole in his eies;
Feed him with apricocks, and dew-berries,
With purple grapes.

Shakespeare. Midsummer Night's Dream, Act iii. sc. 1.

Will come at the court.-B. Jonson. To Mr. John Burges.

All kind of freedom in speech was then [in their Saturnalia] allowed to slaves, even against their masters; and we are not without some imitation of it in our Christmas gambols.-Dryden. Dedication to Juvenal. Damcetas deftly on his lute could play, And Daphnis sweetly pip'd, and caroll'd to his lay: Their heifers gambul'd on the grass-green fields; In singing neither conquers, neither yields. Fawkes. Theocritus, Idyl 6.

Yet fairy elves (so ancient customs will)
The green-gown'd fairy elves, by starry sheen,
May gambol or in valley or on hill,
And leave their footsteps on the circled green.
Thompson. An Hymn to May.

I was in a manner stupified by the desperate boldness of a few obscure young men, who having obtained, by ways which they could not comprehend, a power of which they

saw neither the purposes nor the limits, tossed about, sub.

verted, and tore to pieces, as if it were in the gambols of a

boyish unluckiness and malice, the most established rights, and the most ancient and most revered institutions, of ages and nations.-Burke. On Mr. Fox's East India Bill. GAMBONE. i. e. Gammon, (qv.)

And then came haltynge Jone

And brought a gambone

Of bakon that was reastye.-Skelton. Elinor Rumming. GAMBREL, v. From It. Gamba, a leg. GA'MBREL, n. See GAMBAULD.

To bind up the legs; to tie or bind by the legs. Ge. Lay by your scorn and pride, they're scurvey qualities,

And meet me, or I'll box you while I have you,
And carry you gambril'd thither like a mutton.

Beaum. & Fletcher. The Nice Valour, Act iv. sc. 1. As appears it hath, by the weight which the tendon lying on a horse's gambrel doth then command, when he rears up with a man upon his back.-Grew. Cosmo Sacra, b. i. c. 5.

Game, the noun, is, any sport or amusement, active or sedentary, among different persons, (usually) as a match for trial of skill or luck.

Game is also applied to the object played for or pursued; especially "to those species of wild animals which the arbitrary constitutions of positive law have distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of Game," (Blackstone, ii. 1.)

Gamester, in the passage quoted from Shakespeare, "does not signify a man viciously addicted to games of chance, but a frolicksome person,"-Steevens;(i. e. a gamesome person.) Vpe the alurs of the castles the laydes thanne stode, And by hulde thys noble game, and wyche knygts were god. R. Gloucester, p. 192. Tostus tok his leue aryued in Norweie,

& how the gamen gede lithe I salle gow seie.

R. Brunne, p. 57.
And if we grutche of hys game. he wol greve ous sarrer.
To hus clees clawen us. and in hys cloches holde.
Piers Plouhman, p. 9

And yet is this the beste game of alle,
That she, for whom they have this jolite,
Con hem therfore as mochel thank as me.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1810
Thereto she coude skip, and make a game,
As any kid or calf folowing his dame.

Id. The Milleres Tale, v. 3259. And thus was all the game shent.-Gower Con. 4. b. v. A citizen, in secret wyse

thy fame thou dost desyer:

A farmer, thou the townish games

doste burne for, hote as fyer.

Drant. Horace. Epistle to his Balie in the Courtre.

In this condition, I ran the gauntlope (so I think I may Justly call it) through rows of sailors and watermen, few of whom failed of paying their compliments to me, by all manner of insults and jests on my misery. Fielding. A Voyage to Lisbon.

To print is to run the gantlet, and to expose ones self to the tongues-strappado.-Glanvill. On Dogmatizing, Pref.

GANZA.

See GANDER, and FLYING.

The geese there [Germany] be all white; but lesse of body than from other parts: and there they be called ganzae. Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 22.

What modest indignation can forbear the stamping at the presumption of those men, who, as if Domingo Gonsales his engine, they had been mounted by his ganzaes from the moon to the empyreall heaven, and admitted to be the heralds, or masters of ceremonies in that higher world, have taken upon them to marshall these angelical spirits into their severall roomes.

Bp. Hall. The Invisible World, b. i. s. 7.

Although they promise strange and great
Discoveries of things far fet,

They are but idle dreams and fancies,

And savour strongly of the ganzaes.—Hudibras, pt. ii. c.3.

There are others, who have conjectured a possibility of being conveyed through the air by the help of fowls, to which purpose the fiction of the ganzas is the most pleasant and probable.-Wilkins. Dedalus, c. 7.

GAOL, n. GA'OLER.

Also written Jail, and by Junius, Yail. Low Lat. Gaiola; GA'OLING, n. Fr. Geôle, gaiole, gayole; Dut. Ghioole. All, says Skinner, from the Lat. Caveola. Menage says, Geôle, from gabiola, diminutive of gabia, (a cage, qv.) which he derives from cavea. Cotgrave,-"Geôle, a gaol or prison; also, a cage or coop for birds."

A prison, a place of imprisonment or confinement.

Hue leteth passe prisoners. and paieth for hem ofte.
And geveth the gaiter gold. & grotes to gederes
To unfeterye the false.

Piers Ploukman, p. 47.

And Palamon, this woful prisoner,
As was his wone, by leve of his gayler
Was risen, and romed in a chambre on high.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1066.

And on a day befell, that in that houre,
Whan that his mete wont was to be brought,
The guiler shette the dores of the toure;
He hered it wel, but he spake right naught.

Id. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,735.

And in this yere [1293] as one Richard Bagle, offycer of the sheriffes of London, was ledynge a prysoner towarde the qayole, ye which he before arrested, three men rescowed the sayd prysoner.-Fabyan, an. 1293.

God our chiefe gayler, as himself is insensible, so vseth he in his punishments inuisible instrumēts, and therefore not of like fashion as the tother gaylers doo, but yet of like effect & as paynfull in feeling as those.

Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1246.

There likewise was a long statute against vagabonds, wherein two things may be noted; the one, the dislike the Parliament had of gaoling of them, as that which was chargeable, pesterous, and of no open example.

Bacon. Henry VII. p. 215.

Yet ere his happie soule to heaven went Out of his fleshlie gaole, he did devise Unto his heaueniie maker to present His bodie, as a spotless sacrifise.

Spenser. The Ruines of Time.

The gailor, bribed, with his keyes
To stay or free him sent her.
"Loue (louely Richard) makes," quoth she,
"That I this hell-house enter:
Hence make escape, remembering me,
That thus for thee doe venter."

Warner. Albion's England, b. v. c. 24.

She [Elizabeth] called him [Benefield] always her gaoler, which though she did in a way of raillery, yet it was so sharp, that he avoided coming any more to the Court.

Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1558.

It was their [the Council's] pleasure that I [Mountain]

should be delivered, if that I would be a conformable man to the Queen's proceedings, and forsake heresy, or else to remain in prison until the next sessions of gaol-delivery. Strype. Memorials, vol. iv. c. 23. an. 1554.

Small eggs appear, Dire fraught with reptile life; alas, too soon They burst their filmy gaol, and crawl abroad. Grainger. The Sugar Cane, b. ii.

Gaolers are also the servants of the sheriffs, and he must be responsible for their conduct. Their business is to keep safely all such persons as are committed to them by lawful warrant.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 9.

They have, besides, a commission of general gaol-delivery; which empowers them to try and deliver every prisoner who shall be in the gaol when the judges arrive at the circuit town, whenever or before whomsoever indicted, or for whatever crime committed.-Blackstone. Comment. b. iv. c. 19.

GAP, n. A gap and a gape are the regular past tense and past part. of ge-uppan, (to open,) by the change of the characteristic y to a. (Tooke, ii. 199.)

An opening, an aperture, a hole, a vacuity, a vacant space.

And stoppe sone and deliverly

All the gappes of the hay, [i. e. hedge.]

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. The Kyng entendinge to stoppe two gappes with one bushe, sent Syr Gylbert Talbot, and the other two ambassadors, principally to Bishop July, and by theim sent also to the Duke of Urbyne, the whole habite and coller of the noble ordre of the gartier.-Hall. Henry VII. an. 22.

But, as it fareth in such cases, the gap which for just considerations wee open unto some, letteth in others through corrupt practices, to whom such fauours were neither meant, nor should be communicated. Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 81.

It is seldom that the scheme of his [St. Paul's] discourse makes any gap; and therefore without breaking in upon the connection of his language, it is hardly possible to separate his discourse, and give a distinct view of his several arguments in distinct sections. Locke. The Epistle to Galatians, Pref. Then follows an immense gap, in which, undoubtedly, some changes were made by time; and we hear little more of them [Germans] until we find them Christians, and makers of written laws.

Burke. Abridgement of English History, b. ii. c. 7.

GAPE, v. GA'PER. To open (subaud. the mouth,) GA'PING, n. to open, (sc.) with eagerness, as young birds do for their food; and thus, to crave, to desire or covet eagerly, to long for or after, to seek or look anxiously after.

A. S. Ge-yppan, to open.

And by gynne to galpe.-Piers Plouhman, p. 247.
Then cam I to that cloystre, and gaped abouten,
Though it was pilered and poynt.
Id. Crede.

This Nicholas sat ay as stille as ston,
And ever he gaped upward into the eire.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3473.

See how she galpeth, lo, this dronken wight,
As though he wold us swalow anon right.

Id. The Manciples Prologue, v. 16,984. But alway cruel rauine deuouring all yt they haue gotte, sheweth other gapings, that is to say, gapen and desiren yet after mo richesse.-Id. Boecius, b. ii.

That whan a man for payne cride,
The bull of bras, whiche gapeth wyde
It shulde seem, as though it were
A belowinge in a man's ere,

And not the crienge of a man.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii.

For whiles you know I was your own,
So long in vaine you made me gape,
And tho' my faith it were well knowne,
Yet small regard thou toke thereat.

Vncertaine Auctors. Louer not regarded in earnest suit, &c. For they were not wont to brynge offerynges of theyr owne from round about, but theyr gapyng was to receiue the offerings and giftes from al quarters about, and to giue nothyng agayne.-Bale. Apology, fol. 88.

Only the lazy sluggard yawning lies
Before thy threshold, gaping for thy dole,
And licks the easy hand that feeds his sloth.

Carew. Cœlum Britannicum.

And though his language differ from the vulgar somewhat: it shall not fly from all humanity, with the Taberlanes, and Tamer-Chams of the late age, which had nothing in them rant them to the ignorant gapers.-B. Jonson. Discoveries. but the scenicall strutting, and furious vociferation, to war

For that that causeth gaping or stretching is, when the spirits are a little heavy, by any vapour, or the like. For then they strive (as it were,) to wring out, and expel that which loadeth them.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 296.

Studying his looks, and watching at the board,
He gapes to catch the droppings of my lord;
And, tickled to the soul at every joke,
Like a press'd watch, repeats what t'other spoke.
Pitt. Epistle to Mr. Spence.

Is there then any physical deformity in the fabric of the human body; because our imagination can strip it of its

GAR, v. A. S. Gearwian, gyrwan; Dut. Gaerwen, gerwen; Ger. Gar-en; Sw. Goera, parare, præstare, facessere, facere. Ihre observes, that the more general signification (facere) prevails among the northern English, and the Scotch. See GARE, GARNISH.

To prepare or make ready; to cause to do, to make; and thus, consequentially, to force. Egbright gadred partie, and gared him fulle sone.

R. Brunne, p. 16. Ageyn the Erle Godwyn he gart sette assise.-Id. p. 64. Gregorie the grete clerk. gart write in bokes The ruele of alle religions.

Piers Plouhman, p. 83.

But specially I pray thee. hoste dere,
Gar us have mete and drink, and make us chere,
And we sal paien trewely at full.

Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 4130.

And yf he any gruchyng make,
Many a crowne y schall gar crake
And bodyes to drowpe and dare.

La Bone Florence of Rome. Ritson, vol. ill.
Tell me, good Holbinol, what gars thee greet?
What? hath some wolfe thy tender lambs ytorne?
Or is thy bagpipe broke, that sounds so sweet?
Or art thou of thy loued lasse forlorne?

Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. April.

GARB. Fr. Garbe; It. and Sp. Garbo, which Skinner thinks are from the A. S. Ge-arwion, præparare, ornare, instruere, to prepare, to adorn. Menage confesses his difficulty.

The dress, the clothing or vesture; the habit, fashion, mode or manner.

And with a lisping garb this most rare man
Speaks French, Dutch, Spanish, and Italian.

Drayton. The Orl. Pausanias upon these hopes grew more insolent than before, and began to live after the Persian garbe, and carryed himself more ruggedly and imperiously towards those who were in league with that state.-Usher. Annals, an. 3529.

His genius addicted him to the study of Antiquity; preferring rust before brightness, and more conforming his

mind to the garbe of the former than mode of the moderne times.-Fuller. Worthics. Suffolk.

In this consists our putting on of the Lord Jesus Christ, namely, in imitating his manners, and following the garb and fashion of his conversation.

Scolt. Christian Life, pt. i. c. 4.

When now advanc'd so near in sight they drew, That by their Moorish garb the warriors knew The hostile band. Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. xxvi. nius thinks it strongly allied to the Sp. Garbear, GARBAGE. Of uncertain etymology. Judiripere, to tear away, (sc.) a costis avium Skinner, the A. S. Ge-arwian, pisciumque. præparare, apparare; garbage being the whole apparatus or furniture of the abdomen. Minshew says,- -To garbage or garbish, to take out the entrails of any thing; from garble, to purify, to cleanse. And garbage is,

That which is purged or cleansed away; the offal.

This gathers up the scum, and thence it sends
To be cast out; another, liquors base;
Another, garbage, which the kitchen cloys.

P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, c. 2.

These are of a diet like unto the Devil, for nothing but garbage and carrion are his dainties; the more potten with sin, the more pleasing to his palate; that which stinks most in God's nostrils, that smells the sweetest in his. Mede. Works, b. i. Dis. 39.

Rare taste, and worthy of a poet's brain,
To prey on garbage, and a slave adore!

In such to find out charms, a bard must feign
Beyond what fiction ever feign'd of yore.

Grainger. The Poems o, Sulp.cia

The subsistence which they [the inhabitants of Canton] ad there is so scanty, that they are eager to fish up the astiest garbage thrown overboard from any European ship. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 8.

GARBLE, v. I

ARBLER.

Fr. Grabeler; It. Garbellare. Cotgrave says,-" Grabeller, to garbell spices, &c. (and herce) also, to examine precisely, sift nearly, look narrowly, search curiously, into." The statute 1 Rich. III. c. 11, was made "for the remedie of the excessiue price and badnesse of bowestaues, which partly is growen, because the merchants will not suffer any garbeling or sorting of them to bee made." And, after certain enactments, such bowestaues are forbidden to be sold ungarbelled. As usually applied in English, to garbell is

To pick out, sift out, what may serve a particular purpose; and thus, destroy or mutilate the

fair character of the whole.

When justice is refin'd, And corporations garbled to their mind; Then passive doctrines shall with glory rise. Walsh. The Golden Age restored. But there was a farther secret in this clause, which may best be discovered by the first projectors, or at least the garblers of it; and these are known to be Collins and Tindal, in conjunction with a most pious lawyer, their disciple. Swift. The Examiner, No. 19.

Among all the excesses into which the Tories ran, in favour of the crown, and in hopes of fixing dominion in their own party, their zeal to support the methods of garbling corporations was, in my opinion, that which threatened publick liberty the most.

Bolingbroke. Dissertation upon Parties, Let. 6. GA'RBOIL, v. Į Dut. Graboeile; Fr. GarGA'RBOIL, n. bouil; It. Garbuglio. Menage deduces it from the Lat. Turba; thus, turba, turbula, turbulium, ciurbulium: ciarbuglium, carbulium, garbuglio. Minshew, Garbaglio, q. granboglio, magna ebullitio. To garboil, is

To throw into confusion, to involve in confusion

Those of the forewarde vnder the Duke of Norfolke, were apparelled in blue coats garded with redde.

Stow. Hen. VIII. an. 1544. All the children were waiting in their goodly garded gowns of purple.-North. Plutarch. Cicero, p. 726.

When Edward, Earl of Rutland, the Lord Spencer and others accused the Earl of Arundel of treason, they appeared before the King at Nottingham, in red gowns of silk, garded and bordered with white silk, and embroidered with letters of gold.-Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i. c. 2.

GARDEN, v. GARDEN. n. GARDENAGE. GARDENER. GARDENING, n.

Fr. Jardin; It. Giardino; Sp. Gardin; Dut. Gaerde; Ger. Garten; (Lat. Hortus, horctus, from the Gr. EрKтos,) Junius. Wachter derives the Ger. Garten, from gurten; A. S. Gyrdian, cingere. And Tooke, the English garden, (i. e. geard, with the participial termination en,) from the A. S. verb Gyrdan, cingere, to gird, to surround, to enclose.

A place girded, surrounded or enclosed, (sc.) for the growth of plants of various kinds. To garden

To work in, till or cultivate a garden; to plan or lay out a garden.

By glosedest hem and gyledest hem, and my gardyn breke.
Ageyns my love and my leyve.-Piers Ploukman, p. 359.

Yeve me a plant of thilke blessed tree,
And in my gardin planted shal it be.

Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 6346.
So came she to him priuely,
And that was, where he made his mone
Within a-gardeine all him one.

Gower. Con. 4. b. i.

On a time he had at his table a peacocke which was vntouched, and therefore he commaunded that it should be kept for him till supper: for I wil (quoth he,) haue certain of my friendes with me at supper in my garden.

Bale. Pageant of Popes. Julius III. fol. 191.

With great uproares and garboile shal there be arysinges of nacion againste nacion, and royalme againste royalme. Udal. Luke, c. 21. It is the deuilishe sort of men that insourgeth and raiseth garboyle againste the veritie, whiche thei deadly hate and cannot abyde.-Id. Ib. c. 23.

She's dead, my queene.
Looke here, and at thy soueraigne leysure read
The garboiles she awak'd.

Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act i sc. 3.
He sees another on a Frenchman fly,
And with a pole-ax dasheth out his brains
Whilst he's demanding what the garboil means.
Drayton. The Battle of Agincourt.
Since they but garboils were, in a deformed mass,
Not ordered fitting war, we lightly overpass.
Id. Poly-Olbion, s. 22.
Give me the numb'red verse which Virgil sung,
And Virgil's self shall speak the English tongue,
Manhood and garboiles shall he chaunt with changed feet,
And head-strong dactyls making music meet.
Bp. Hall, b. i. Sat. 6.

Hippocrates had caused it to be bruited at Syracusa, that Marcellus had put all the Leontines to the sword, not sparing Attle children; and afterwards Hippocrates coming thither on the sudden, in the fear and garboil of this false bruit, he easily took the city.-North. Plutarch, p. 260.

But by this means all Greece stood in marvellous garboil at that time, and the state of the Athenians specially in great danger. Id. Ib. p. 278.

Here would be a precedent to tip down so many lords at a time, and to garboil the house, as often as any party should have a great majority Burnet. Own Time, an. 1677.

GARD. Perhaps from the A. S. Ge-arwian, gyrwan, gyrian, præparare, instruere, ornare, to prepare, deck, adorn: (to gar, to gare, qv.) or, otherwise, from the A. S. Gyrd-an, to gird, to surround, (sc.) with a binding. Minshew says,a gard, welt or border of a garment, from the Fr. Garder, conservare, because it preserves the garment.

A litter born by eight Liburnian slaves,
To buy diseases from a glorious strumpet,
The most censorious of our Roman gentry,
Nay, of the garded robe, the senators,
Esteem an easy purchase.

Massinger. The Roman Actor, Act i. se. 1.

The Lorde God also planted a garden in Eden from the And the Lord God made to sprig out of the erth, al maner trees bewtyfull to the syght and pleasant to eate, & the tree of lyfe in ye myddes of ye garden, and also the tree of knowledge of good and euill.-Bible, 1551. Gen. c. 2.

Yf the husband manne be of thys disappointed, nothyng in maner preuayleth the gardiner, nor yet the waterer, but yf heauen bee seasonable, the whole increase ought to be acknowledged to come thence, and from God. Udal. Corinthians, c. 3.

God Almighty first planted a garden. And indeed it is the purest of humane pleasures. It is the greatest refreshment to the spirits of man: without which, buildings and palaces are but grosse handy-workes: and a man shall ever see, that when ages grow to civility and elegancy, men come to build stately, sooner than to garden finely as if gardening were the greater perfection.-Bacon. Ess. Of Gardens.

Beneath him with new wonder now he views

To all delight of human sense expos d

In narrow room Nature's whole wealth, yea more
A heav'n on earth; for blisfull Paradise
Of God the garden was, by him in the east
Of Eden planted.

Milton, Paradise Lost, b. iv.

The Syrians are great gardeners; they take exceeding paines and bee most curious in gardening; whereupon arose the proverb in Greke, to this effect, many woorts and potherbs in Syria.-Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 5.

but to draw the purse strings, and goe for every thing either For in default of gardeninge what remedie was there then, to the butchery or the hearb-market, and so to live upon the pennie.-Id. Ib. b. xix. c. 4.

Though Epicurus be said to have been the first that had a garden in Athens, whose citizens before him had theirs in their villas or farms without the city; yet the use of gardens seems to have been the most ancient and the most general of any sorts of possession among mankind, and to have preceded those of corn or of cattle as yielding the easier, the pleasanter, and more natural 100d.

Sir W. Temple. On Gardening.

But the idea of the garden must be very great, if it answer at all to that of the gardener, [Solomon, who must have employed a great deal of his care and of his study, as well as of his leisure and thought, in these entertainments, since he writ of all plants, from the cedar to the shrub.-Id. Ib.

I have had no share at all in publick affairs; but, on the contrary, I am wholly sunk in my gardening, and the quiet of a private life; which, I thank God, agrees with me as well as the splendour of the world, and gives me a great deal more quiet and satisfaction-Id. Letter to Mr. Wickfort.

Or if the garden with its many cares,

All well repaid, demand him, he attends
The welcome call, conscious how much the hand
Of lubbard labour needs his watchful eye,
Oft loit'ring lazily, if not o'erseen.

Or misapplying his unskilful strength.-Cowper.Task.b.ill

A gardener who cultivates his own garden with his own hands, unites in his own person the three different charac ters, of landlord, farmer, and labourer.

Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c, 6.

Gardening was probably one of the first arts that suc ceeded to that of building houses, and naturally attended property and individual possession.

GARE, or
GAURE, v.
GA'RISH.
GA'RISHLY.

GA'RISHNESS.

Walpole. On Modern Gardening. "Clothed magnificently, splen.. didly, and for state," says Skinner; who adds, "I know not whether from the A. S. Gearwian, to prepare, to ornament." (See GARNISH, GARRISON.) Garish (says Mr. Steevens) is gaudy, showy; also sometimes, wild, flighty. The verb to gaure, (Chaucer,) or gare, (Phaer,) which Speight and Tyrwhitt explain to ostentatiously, staringly fine or gay; and thus stare, is no doubt the origin of the adj. garish, gaudy, &c. Garish may be explained

Gaudy, showy, ostentatious; ostentatiously staringly fine or gay; staring.

Doun fro the caste! cometh ther many a wight gauren on this ship and on Custance.

Το

Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 5331.
Now gaureth all the peple on hire, alas!
Id. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,353.

And said her, now cast it awaie anon
That folke may sene and gauren on vs twey.

Id. Troilus, b. ii. What faces? what a watch ther stands at eury gate in sight? With fifty garing heades a monstrous dragon stands vpright? Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. v.

My glancing lookes are gone, which wonted where to prie
In euerie gorgious garishe glasse, that glistered in mine ele.
Gascoigne. Flowers. A Gloze upon this Text, &c.

And when I shall die,
Take him and cut him out in little starres,
And he will make a face of heauen so fine
That all the world will be in loue with night,
And pay no worship to the garish sun.

Shakespeare. Romeo & Juliet, Act iii. sc. I
There in close covert by some brook,
Where no profaner eye may look,
Hide me from day's garish eye.-Milton. Il Penseroso.
They naked went; or clad in ruder hide,
Or home-spun russet, void of forraine pride:
But thou canst maske in garishe gauderie,
To suite a foole's far-fetched liverie.

Bp. Hall, b. iii. Sat. 1. Starting up and garishly staring about, especially on the face of Eliosto.-Hinde. Eliosto Libidinoso, 1606.

Not but that mercies are competent and apt instruments of grace, if we would; but because we are more dispersed in our spirits, and by a prosperous accident are melted into joy and garishness, and drawn off from the sobriety of recollection.-Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 12.

This [fasting] is a singular corrective of that pride and garithness of temper, that renders it impatient of the sobrieties of virtue; but open to all the wild suggestions of fancy, and the impressions of vice.-South, vol. ix. Ser. 5.

Not more fair the star that leads
Bright Aurora's glowing steeds,
Or on Hesper's front that shines,
When the garish day declines.-Whitehead, Ode 33.

GARGARIZE, v. GARGARIZE, n. GARGARISM.

Fr. Gargarizer, to gargle; It. Gargarizzare Sp. Gargarizar; Lat. Gargarizo; Gr. Γαργαρίζω, from Γαργαρέων, gur. gulio, the wind-pipe: a name formed from the sound, (Vossius.)

For the application of the word, see the quot tion from Burton.

Gargarising if it be not liscretly vsed may do more harme than good, brynge downe moche aboundaunce of mater vndigested, but taken in order with water, hony, and pepper, or with issope and fygges boyled in white wine, and taken very hote in a gargarise is right conuenient.

Sir T. Elyot. The Castel of Hellh, b. iv. c. 2