I did heare The gallopping of horse. Who was't came by? Shakespeare. Macbeth, Activ. sc. 1. He that rides post through a countrey may be able, from the transient view, to tell how in general the parts lie, and may be able to give some loose description of here a mounina, there a plain, here a morass, and there a river; woodland in one part, and savanas in another. Such superficial ideas and observations as these he may collect in gallopping over it.-Locke. On the Conduct of the Understanding, § 24. Engag'd his [Publicola's] legions in fierce bustles, With periwinkles, prawns, and muscles, And led his troops with furious gallops, To charge whole regiments of scallops. Hudibras, pt. ii. c. 3. If I have company they are a parcel of chattering magpies; if abroad I am a gagling goose; when I return, you are a fine galloper; women, like cats, should keep the house.-Guardian, No. 132. Master Blifil now, with his blood running from his nose, and the tears galloping after from his eyes, appeared before his uncle and the tremendous Thwackum. Fielding. History of a Foundling, b. fii. c. 4. GALLOW, Warburton says, is a West Country word, and Mr. Grose has "Galliment, a great fright. And Gallied, frightened. Exm." It is the A. S. A-ye an, to astony, abash, greatly affright. And see Galy, in Junius. The wratnfull skies Gallow the very wanderers of the darke Shakespeare. Lear, Act iii. sc. 2. GALLOWAY. Dr. Jamieson thinks this word may be the Sw. and Ger. Wallach, which Wachter refers to gall, sterilis, castratus, and Ihre to the Wallachians. But see the quotation from Berenger. And on his match as much the western horseman lays As the rank riding Scots upon their galloways. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 3. Tradition reports that this kind [galloways] of horses are sprung from some Spanish stallions, which swam on shore from some of the ships of the famous Spanish armada, which were wrecked on the coast, and coupling with the mares of the country, peopled the kingdom with their posterity. They were much esteemed, and of a middling size, strong, active, nervous, and hardy, and were called Galloways, from being first known in the countrey which bears that name.-Berenger. On Horsemanship, vol. i. p. 205. GALLOWS. Goth. and A. S. Galga; Dut. Galghe, which latter, Vossius thinks, approaches very near to the Lat. Gabalus, a cross. Gallows is anciently written Galwe, and, probably, from the A. S. A-gelw-an, to affright; being raised in public view to inspire terror. It is generally formed like the Greek П. The word is also applied to one deserving the gallows; deserving to be hanged. Galwes do ge reise, and hyng this cheitefe. R. Brunne, p. 172. First was he drawen for his felonie, Id. p. 247. But to beware no grace yet he hadde, Til fortune on the galwes made him gape. Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,688. He that setteth a foole in hye dignite, that is euen as yf a man dyd caste a precyous stone upon the galous. Bible, 1551. Prouerbes, c. 26. The more buxum wyll he bee, That he were borowyd fro the galow tree, I hope be hevyn kyng. Had y not hyght to holde counsayle, Clo. What is he that builds stronger than either the mason, the shipwright, or the carpenter? Other. The gallowes-maker; for that frame out-liues a thousand tenants.-Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act v. sc. 1. At length him nayled on a gallow-tree And slew the iust by most uniust decree. Spenser, Hymne 3. Of Heavenly Love. Hudibras, pt. li. c. 1. No Indian prince has to his palace More followers than a thief to the gallows. Let him be gallows-free by my consent And nothing suffer, since he nothing meant. Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel. What honour a man wins, or saves, by that which gives him an opportunity of being hanged, is hard to be understood; but he that mistakes the cart for a triumphal chariot, or the gallow-tree for a triumphal arch, may apply himself to the obtaining such victories as these.-South, vol. x. Ser. 6. Hold him fast, the dog; he has the gallows in his face. Goldsmith. The Good-Natured Man, Act v. GALO'CHE. Skinner says, Galloshoes, creGA'LLOSHOES. pidæ ligneæ, wooden shoes, from the Fr. Galloches, galoches; Sp. Galocha; It. Galozza, calceus altior rusticus. Gallica, a kind of shoes, a word noticed by Aulus Gellius, as introduced not long before the age of Cicero, who uses it Phil. ii. 30; and hence the Fr. and It. are by Menage derived. See also Spelman, in v. Cotgrave," A woodden shooe, or patten, made all of a piece, without any latchet, or tye of leather, and worn by the poor clown in winter." And sprakliche he lokede As is the kynd of a knyght. that cometh to be doubed Ne were worthy to unbocle his galoche. Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,869. Nay, all things yet remain so crusty, Cotton. Upon the Great Frost. GA'LVERLY, q. Ge-liverly; equivalent to deliverly, (qv.) cleverly, actively. If you happen upon a light gennet that is young and trotteth galverly, of good making, colour, and fast going, if you buy him for me for reasonable money and send him over, your money shall be repaid. Wriothesley. To Sir. T. Wyatt. Oct. 1537. GAMBAULD. GAMBA'DOES. Fr. Gambader, gambiller; from the Gr. Kauan, a joint. "Fr. Gambiller,-to wag the legs in sitting, as children use to do. Gambader, to turn heels over head, make many gambols, fetch many frisks, show tumbling tricks," (Cotgrave.) So, in English, to gambol, is To fetch many frisks or frolics; to skip, to caper, to play wantonly with the legs, to run about, jump about, playfully and nimbly; to jump or start aside. Quid est quod sic gestis? What is the matter that you leape and skyppe so? for that you fet such gambauldes. Udal. The Flowers of Latine Speaking, fol. 72. With gambauding thriftles. Skelton. Why Come ye not to Court? One of them as soone as hee sawe the boate, beganne to Le Bone Florence of Rome. Ritson, vol. iii. leape forward and backeward with so great nimblenesse, that doubtless he seemd to all of vs a man of great agilitie, and we took no small pleasure while we beheld them fetching these gambols.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 412. Some to disport them selfs their sondry maistries tried on grasse, Thou shouldest be honged, wythowt fayle Upon a galowe-tree.-The Erle of Toulous. Ib. vol. i. Then went he to the market-place, As fast as he coulde hye, payre of new gallous there did he vp set, Besyde the pyllory. Adam Bel. Ib. Ancient Popular Poetry. And some their gamboldes plaid, and some on sand their wrastling was. Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. vi. I know not whether he [James I.] or his son first brought up the use of gambadoes, much worne in the west, whereby, while one rides on horseback, his leggs are in a coach, clean and warme, in those dirty countries. Fuller. Worthies. Cornwall. Tila. Be kinde and curteous to this gentleman, Shakespeare. Midsummer Night's Dream, Act iii. sc. 1. Will come at the court.-B. Jonson. To Mr. John Burges. All kind of freedom in speech was then [in their Saturnalia] allowed to slaves, even against their masters; and we are not without some imitation of it in our Christmas gambols.-Dryden. Dedication to Juvenal. Damcetas deftly on his lute could play, And Daphnis sweetly pip'd, and caroll'd to his lay: Their heifers gambul'd on the grass-green fields; In singing neither conquers, neither yields. Fawkes. Theocritus, Idyl 6. Yet fairy elves (so ancient customs will) I was in a manner stupified by the desperate boldness of a few obscure young men, who having obtained, by ways which they could not comprehend, a power of which they saw neither the purposes nor the limits, tossed about, sub. verted, and tore to pieces, as if it were in the gambols of a boyish unluckiness and malice, the most established rights, and the most ancient and most revered institutions, of ages and nations.-Burke. On Mr. Fox's East India Bill. GAMBONE. i. e. Gammon, (qv.) And then came haltynge Jone And brought a gambone Of bakon that was reastye.-Skelton. Elinor Rumming. GAMBREL, v. From It. Gamba, a leg. GA'MBREL, n. See GAMBAULD. To bind up the legs; to tie or bind by the legs. Ge. Lay by your scorn and pride, they're scurvey qualities, And meet me, or I'll box you while I have you, Beaum. & Fletcher. The Nice Valour, Act iv. sc. 1. As appears it hath, by the weight which the tendon lying on a horse's gambrel doth then command, when he rears up with a man upon his back.-Grew. Cosmo Sacra, b. i. c. 5. Game, the noun, is, any sport or amusement, active or sedentary, among different persons, (usually) as a match for trial of skill or luck. Game is also applied to the object played for or pursued; especially "to those species of wild animals which the arbitrary constitutions of positive law have distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of Game," (Blackstone, ii. 1.) Gamester, in the passage quoted from Shakespeare, "does not signify a man viciously addicted to games of chance, but a frolicksome person,"-Steevens;(i. e. a gamesome person.) Vpe the alurs of the castles the laydes thanne stode, And by hulde thys noble game, and wyche knygts were god. R. Gloucester, p. 192. Tostus tok his leue aryued in Norweie, & how the gamen gede lithe I salle gow seie. R. Brunne, p. 57. And yet is this the beste game of alle, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1810 Id. The Milleres Tale, v. 3259. And thus was all the game shent.-Gower Con. 4. b. v. A citizen, in secret wyse thy fame thou dost desyer: A farmer, thou the townish games doste burne for, hote as fyer. Drant. Horace. Epistle to his Balie in the Courtre. The more parte vainquysshed with tediousnesse eyther do abandone the lawes, and vnwares to theyr frendes, do gyue them to gamyng, and other (as I mought say) idle businesse, nowe called pastimes.-Sir T. Elgot. Governour, b. i. c. 14. Although al his gyles and disceats are none other thing, but certain folish visers & shewes triflyng and counterfaite pageants and juglings of game-plaiers. Caluine. Foure Godlie Sermons, Ser. 4 And as you say, There was he gaming, there o'retooke in's rouse, And therefore Johannes Sarisburiensis allows of every game, if it can ease our griefs or aleviate our burdens without the loss of our innocence. Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, b. iv. c. 1. Lycaon hath the report of setting our first publicke games, and proving of maistries and feats of strength and activitee, in Arcadia.-Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 50. Their reasons, like those toys Of glassy bubbles, which some gamesome boys So may we oft a vent'rous father see, P. Fletcher. Christ's Triumph over Death. Sirra, young gamester, your father were a foole, Shakespeare. Taming of the Shrew, Act ii. sc. 1. Said S. Cyprian, a common gamester, or dice player, may call himself Christian, but indeed he is not: and S. Clemens Alexandrinus says, idleness and wantonuess provides these games for the lazy and useless people of the world. Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, d. iv. c. 1. Roger Askam born in Yorkshire, notably skilful in the Greek and Latin tongues, who had some times been school master to Queen Elizabeth, and her secretary for the Latin tongue; but taking too great delight in gaming and cock fighting, he both lived and died in mean estate, yet left behind him sundry monuments of wit and industry. Baker, an. 1602. From Lord Sunderland's returning to his post all men concluded that his declaring as he did for the exclusion was certainly done by direction from the King, who naturally loved craft and a double game.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1682. As when the shepherd, on the mountain brow, Jus. What's the matter. GAMMON. Fr. Jambone; Sp. Jamon; It. I would have him buried GA'MUT, i. e. Gamma-ut; the Gr. T. In Fr. I must begin with rudiments of art, Shakespeare. Taming of the Shrew, Act iii. sc. 1. Donne, Elegy 2. The Anagram. Long has a race of heroes fill'd the stage, Addison. Prologue to Phædrus & Hippolita. GANCH. "Fr. Ganché; Let fall (as in a strap- A gang, the road or way by which we go, also, a number going, or who go together, who go to or from work together, and thus, who work together. Sche sais, no knyght that lifes now Gret word sal gang of thi vassage, [i. e. vasselage,] Ywaine & Gwaine. Ritson, vol. i. A poplar greenc, and with a kerved seat B. Jonson. The Sad Shepherd, Act ii. sc. 2. Mons. Du Pre, accompanied by Du Broetti and Du Fargis, had lately given a meeting at Yvian to one of the Duke of tain Frenchman living at the same place, was also suspected Savoy's guard, who used to come into our parts; and a certo be of their gang.-Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. iii. p. 132. In order to furnish, at the expence of your honour, an excuse to your apologists here for several enormities of yours, you would not have been content to be represented as a gang of Maroon slaves, suddenly broke loose from the house of bondage, and therefore to be pardoned for your abuse of the liberty to which you were not accustomed, and were ill fitted.-Burke. On the French Revolution. As we were putting off the boat, they laid hold of the gang-board, and unhooked it off the boat's stern. Cook. Second Voyage, b. iii. c. 4. I had hardly got into the boat, before I was told they had stolen one of the ancient stanchions from the opposite gangway, and were making off with it.-Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 9. GANGRENE, v. GA'NGRENE, n. GANGRENATED. GANGRENOUS. eat, (Vossius.) Fr. Gangrene; It. Gancrena; Lat. Gangræna ¡ Gr. Γαγγραινα, from Γραειν, signifying εσθίειν, το To eat, to consume, to corrode; to eat or consume the vital powers; and thus, consequentiaily, to mortify or become mortified. Menen. The seruice of the foote Being once gangren'd, is not then respected For what before it was.-Shakes. Coriolanus, Act iii. sc. 1. These inclinations and evil forwardnesses, this dyscrasie base sin for their parent, and the product of this is a wretchand gangren'd disposition, does always suppose a long or a less spirit.-Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 20. And my chyrurgeons apprehended some fear, that it may grow to a gangrene, and so the hand must be cut off. Digby. A Discourse of the Sympathetic Powder. So parts cauterized, gangrenated, siderated and mortified, become black, the radical moisture, or vital sulphur suffering an extinction and smothered in the part affected. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 20, Thomson. Liberty, pt. iii. Sp. Gancho; It. Gancio, a hook; Skinner thinks day, his wound gangrened before night, and he died about The losing gamester shakes the box in vain, And bleeds, and loses on, in hopes to gain. Dryden. Ovid. Art of Love. Mr. Hyde going to a place called Pickadilly, (which was a fair house for entertainment, and gaming, with handsome gravel-walks with shade, &c.) Clarendon. Civil Wars, vol. i. p. 241. Poetry and gaming, which usually go together, are alike in this too, that they seldom bring any advantage but to those who have nothing else to live on.-Locke. Educ. § 174. Avarice itself does not calculate strictly when it games. One thing is certain, that in this political game, the great lottery of power is that, into which men will purchase with millions of chances against them. Burke. On Shortening the Duration of Parliaments. It is for fear of losing the inestimable treasure we have, that I do not venture to game it out of my hands for the vain hope of improving it.-Id. Reform of Representation. The merry tabor's gamesome sound Beattie. The Wolf & Shepherds. from the Lat Uncus, a hook. Take him away, ganch him, impale him, rid the world of such a monster.-Dryden. Don Sebastian, Act iii. sc. 2. Their ganshing is after this manner: he sitteth upon a GANDER. A. S. Gandra; Dut. Gans; Ger. It being unsafe for any to carry him [Captain Bean) off by two days after.-Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. i. p. 61. The very substance of the soul is festered with them; the gangrene is gone too far to be ever cured; the innammation will rage to all eternity.-Spectator, No. 90. A man, whom I suppose you have often seen, a while since received such a kick of a horse, as made the doctor and chirurgeon, who tended him, to conclude the part gangre nated, and the patient's condition by the accession of a violent fever, so desperate, that they desired to meddle with him no longer. Boyle, Works, vol. ii. p. 116. But to accuse the Gospel of severity on this account, would be just as rational and as equitable, as to charge the Porteus, vol. ii. Ser. 1. 9. d. ganser, manifestly, says Skinner, from the surgeon with cruelty for amputating a gangrened limb. I wisse (quod I) & yet though ye would believe one yt wold How this the cappitoll, and that It [fear] has occasioned gangrenes, indurations of the glands, epilepsies, the suppression of natural or beneficial secretions.-Cogan. On the Passions, vol. i. pt. ii. c 3. s. 2. Instead of defending these doctrines, it is the duty of a real disciple of Jesus Christ to reprobate them as gangrenous excrescences, corrupting the fair form of genuine Christianity.Anecdotes of Bp. Watson, vol. i. p. 413. GANTLET. "Gantlope, a military punishGANTELOPE. ment," says Skinner; who adds, "The author of the English Dictionary thinks it so called from Gant, (now written Ghent,) in Flanders, and the Dut. Loopen, currere, to run, because that The female hatches her eggs with great assiduity; while punishment was first invented at Ghent." Warner. Albion's England, b. iii. c. 16. the gander visits her twice or thrice a day, and sometimes GANG, v. A. S. Gangan, (formed by the Forgive me, therefore, if I say, I cannot with patience think, that a young gentleman should be put into the herd, and be driven with whip and scourge, as if he were to run the gantlet through the several classes, ad capiendum ingenii cultum.-Locke. Of Education, s. 147. Some said he ought to be tied neck and heels; others, that he deserved to run the gantelope. Fielding. History of a Foundling, b. vii. c. 11. In this condition, I ran the gauntlope (so I think I may Justly call it) through rows of sailors and watermen, few of whom failed of paying their compliments to me, by all manner of insults and jests on my misery. Fielding. A Voyage to Lisbon. To print is to run the gantlet, and to expose ones self to the tongues-strappado.-Glanvill. On Dogmatizing, Pref. GANZA. See GANDER, and FLYING. The geese there [Germany] be all white; but lesse of body than from other parts: and there they be called ganzae. Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 22. What modest indignation can forbear the stamping at the presumption of those men, who, as if Domingo Gonsales his engine, they had been mounted by his ganzaes from the moon to the empyreall heaven, and admitted to be the heralds, or masters of ceremonies in that higher world, have taken upon them to marshall these angelical spirits into their severall roomes. Bp. Hall. The Invisible World, b. i. s. 7. Although they promise strange and great They are but idle dreams and fancies, And savour strongly of the ganzaes.—Hudibras, pt. ii. c.3. There are others, who have conjectured a possibility of being conveyed through the air by the help of fowls, to which purpose the fiction of the ganzas is the most pleasant and probable.-Wilkins. Dedalus, c. 7. GAOL, n. GA'OLER. Also written Jail, and by Junius, Yail. Low Lat. Gaiola; GA'OLING, n. Fr. Geôle, gaiole, gayole; Dut. Ghioole. All, says Skinner, from the Lat. Caveola. Menage says, Geôle, from gabiola, diminutive of gabia, (a cage, qv.) which he derives from cavea. Cotgrave,-"Geôle, a gaol or prison; also, a cage or coop for birds." A prison, a place of imprisonment or confinement. Hue leteth passe prisoners. and paieth for hem ofte. Piers Ploukman, p. 47. And Palamon, this woful prisoner, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1066. And on a day befell, that in that houre, Id. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,735. And in this yere [1293] as one Richard Bagle, offycer of the sheriffes of London, was ledynge a prysoner towarde the qayole, ye which he before arrested, three men rescowed the sayd prysoner.-Fabyan, an. 1293. God our chiefe gayler, as himself is insensible, so vseth he in his punishments inuisible instrumēts, and therefore not of like fashion as the tother gaylers doo, but yet of like effect & as paynfull in feeling as those. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1246. There likewise was a long statute against vagabonds, wherein two things may be noted; the one, the dislike the Parliament had of gaoling of them, as that which was chargeable, pesterous, and of no open example. Bacon. Henry VII. p. 215. Yet ere his happie soule to heaven went Out of his fleshlie gaole, he did devise Unto his heaueniie maker to present His bodie, as a spotless sacrifise. Spenser. The Ruines of Time. The gailor, bribed, with his keyes Warner. Albion's England, b. v. c. 24. She [Elizabeth] called him [Benefield] always her gaoler, which though she did in a way of raillery, yet it was so sharp, that he avoided coming any more to the Court. Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1558. It was their [the Council's] pleasure that I [Mountain] should be delivered, if that I would be a conformable man to the Queen's proceedings, and forsake heresy, or else to remain in prison until the next sessions of gaol-delivery. Strype. Memorials, vol. iv. c. 23. an. 1554. Small eggs appear, Dire fraught with reptile life; alas, too soon They burst their filmy gaol, and crawl abroad. Grainger. The Sugar Cane, b. ii. Gaolers are also the servants of the sheriffs, and he must be responsible for their conduct. Their business is to keep safely all such persons as are committed to them by lawful warrant.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 9. They have, besides, a commission of general gaol-delivery; which empowers them to try and deliver every prisoner who shall be in the gaol when the judges arrive at the circuit town, whenever or before whomsoever indicted, or for whatever crime committed.-Blackstone. Comment. b. iv. c. 19. GAP, n. A gap and a gape are the regular past tense and past part. of ge-uppan, (to open,) by the change of the characteristic y to a. (Tooke, ii. 199.) An opening, an aperture, a hole, a vacuity, a vacant space. And stoppe sone and deliverly All the gappes of the hay, [i. e. hedge.] Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. The Kyng entendinge to stoppe two gappes with one bushe, sent Syr Gylbert Talbot, and the other two ambassadors, principally to Bishop July, and by theim sent also to the Duke of Urbyne, the whole habite and coller of the noble ordre of the gartier.-Hall. Henry VII. an. 22. But, as it fareth in such cases, the gap which for just considerations wee open unto some, letteth in others through corrupt practices, to whom such fauours were neither meant, nor should be communicated. Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 81. It is seldom that the scheme of his [St. Paul's] discourse makes any gap; and therefore without breaking in upon the connection of his language, it is hardly possible to separate his discourse, and give a distinct view of his several arguments in distinct sections. Locke. The Epistle to Galatians, Pref. Then follows an immense gap, in which, undoubtedly, some changes were made by time; and we hear little more of them [Germans] until we find them Christians, and makers of written laws. Burke. Abridgement of English History, b. ii. c. 7. GAPE, v. GA'PER. To open (subaud. the mouth,) GA'PING, n. to open, (sc.) with eagerness, as young birds do for their food; and thus, to crave, to desire or covet eagerly, to long for or after, to seek or look anxiously after. A. S. Ge-yppan, to open. And by gynne to galpe.-Piers Plouhman, p. 247. This Nicholas sat ay as stille as ston, Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3473. See how she galpeth, lo, this dronken wight, Id. The Manciples Prologue, v. 16,984. But alway cruel rauine deuouring all yt they haue gotte, sheweth other gapings, that is to say, gapen and desiren yet after mo richesse.-Id. Boecius, b. ii. That whan a man for payne cride, And not the crienge of a man.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii. For whiles you know I was your own, Vncertaine Auctors. Louer not regarded in earnest suit, &c. For they were not wont to brynge offerynges of theyr owne from round about, but theyr gapyng was to receiue the offerings and giftes from al quarters about, and to giue nothyng agayne.-Bale. Apology, fol. 88. Only the lazy sluggard yawning lies Carew. Cœlum Britannicum. And though his language differ from the vulgar somewhat: it shall not fly from all humanity, with the Taberlanes, and Tamer-Chams of the late age, which had nothing in them rant them to the ignorant gapers.-B. Jonson. Discoveries. but the scenicall strutting, and furious vociferation, to war For that that causeth gaping or stretching is, when the spirits are a little heavy, by any vapour, or the like. For then they strive (as it were,) to wring out, and expel that which loadeth them.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 296. Studying his looks, and watching at the board, Is there then any physical deformity in the fabric of the human body; because our imagination can strip it of its GAR, v. A. S. Gearwian, gyrwan; Dut. Gaerwen, gerwen; Ger. Gar-en; Sw. Goera, parare, præstare, facessere, facere. Ihre observes, that the more general signification (facere) prevails among the northern English, and the Scotch. See GARE, GARNISH. To prepare or make ready; to cause to do, to make; and thus, consequentially, to force. Egbright gadred partie, and gared him fulle sone. R. Brunne, p. 16. Ageyn the Erle Godwyn he gart sette assise.-Id. p. 64. Gregorie the grete clerk. gart write in bokes The ruele of alle religions. Piers Plouhman, p. 83. But specially I pray thee. hoste dere, Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 4130. And yf he any gruchyng make, La Bone Florence of Rome. Ritson, vol. ill. Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. April. GARB. Fr. Garbe; It. and Sp. Garbo, which Skinner thinks are from the A. S. Ge-arwion, præparare, ornare, instruere, to prepare, to adorn. Menage confesses his difficulty. The dress, the clothing or vesture; the habit, fashion, mode or manner. And with a lisping garb this most rare man Drayton. The Orl. Pausanias upon these hopes grew more insolent than before, and began to live after the Persian garbe, and carryed himself more ruggedly and imperiously towards those who were in league with that state.-Usher. Annals, an. 3529. His genius addicted him to the study of Antiquity; preferring rust before brightness, and more conforming his mind to the garbe of the former than mode of the moderne times.-Fuller. Worthics. Suffolk. In this consists our putting on of the Lord Jesus Christ, namely, in imitating his manners, and following the garb and fashion of his conversation. Scolt. Christian Life, pt. i. c. 4. When now advanc'd so near in sight they drew, That by their Moorish garb the warriors knew The hostile band. Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. xxvi. nius thinks it strongly allied to the Sp. Garbear, GARBAGE. Of uncertain etymology. Judiripere, to tear away, (sc.) a costis avium Skinner, the A. S. Ge-arwian, pisciumque. præparare, apparare; garbage being the whole apparatus or furniture of the abdomen. Minshew says,- -To garbage or garbish, to take out the entrails of any thing; from garble, to purify, to cleanse. And garbage is, That which is purged or cleansed away; the offal. This gathers up the scum, and thence it sends P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, c. 2. These are of a diet like unto the Devil, for nothing but garbage and carrion are his dainties; the more potten with sin, the more pleasing to his palate; that which stinks most in God's nostrils, that smells the sweetest in his. Mede. Works, b. i. Dis. 39. Rare taste, and worthy of a poet's brain, In such to find out charms, a bard must feign Grainger. The Poems o, Sulp.cia The subsistence which they [the inhabitants of Canton] ad there is so scanty, that they are eager to fish up the astiest garbage thrown overboard from any European ship. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 8. GARBLE, v. I ARBLER. Fr. Grabeler; It. Garbellare. Cotgrave says,-" Grabeller, to garbell spices, &c. (and herce) also, to examine precisely, sift nearly, look narrowly, search curiously, into." The statute 1 Rich. III. c. 11, was made "for the remedie of the excessiue price and badnesse of bowestaues, which partly is growen, because the merchants will not suffer any garbeling or sorting of them to bee made." And, after certain enactments, such bowestaues are forbidden to be sold ungarbelled. As usually applied in English, to garbell is To pick out, sift out, what may serve a particular purpose; and thus, destroy or mutilate the fair character of the whole. When justice is refin'd, And corporations garbled to their mind; Then passive doctrines shall with glory rise. Walsh. The Golden Age restored. But there was a farther secret in this clause, which may best be discovered by the first projectors, or at least the garblers of it; and these are known to be Collins and Tindal, in conjunction with a most pious lawyer, their disciple. Swift. The Examiner, No. 19. Among all the excesses into which the Tories ran, in favour of the crown, and in hopes of fixing dominion in their own party, their zeal to support the methods of garbling corporations was, in my opinion, that which threatened publick liberty the most. Bolingbroke. Dissertation upon Parties, Let. 6. GA'RBOIL, v. Į Dut. Graboeile; Fr. GarGA'RBOIL, n. bouil; It. Garbuglio. Menage deduces it from the Lat. Turba; thus, turba, turbula, turbulium, ciurbulium: ciarbuglium, carbulium, garbuglio. Minshew, Garbaglio, q. granboglio, magna ebullitio. To garboil, is To throw into confusion, to involve in confusion Those of the forewarde vnder the Duke of Norfolke, were apparelled in blue coats garded with redde. Stow. Hen. VIII. an. 1544. All the children were waiting in their goodly garded gowns of purple.-North. Plutarch. Cicero, p. 726. When Edward, Earl of Rutland, the Lord Spencer and others accused the Earl of Arundel of treason, they appeared before the King at Nottingham, in red gowns of silk, garded and bordered with white silk, and embroidered with letters of gold.-Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i. c. 2. GARDEN, v. GARDEN. n. GARDENAGE. GARDENER. GARDENING, n. Fr. Jardin; It. Giardino; Sp. Gardin; Dut. Gaerde; Ger. Garten; (Lat. Hortus, horctus, from the Gr. EрKтos,) Junius. Wachter derives the Ger. Garten, from gurten; A. S. Gyrdian, cingere. And Tooke, the English garden, (i. e. geard, with the participial termination en,) from the A. S. verb Gyrdan, cingere, to gird, to surround, to enclose. A place girded, surrounded or enclosed, (sc.) for the growth of plants of various kinds. To garden To work in, till or cultivate a garden; to plan or lay out a garden. By glosedest hem and gyledest hem, and my gardyn breke. Yeve me a plant of thilke blessed tree, Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 6346. Gower. Con. 4. b. i. On a time he had at his table a peacocke which was vntouched, and therefore he commaunded that it should be kept for him till supper: for I wil (quoth he,) haue certain of my friendes with me at supper in my garden. Bale. Pageant of Popes. Julius III. fol. 191. or disorder, to cause a turmoil, (“a hurly-burly, beginnynge, and there he sette man whom he had formed. great stir," Cotgrave.) With great uproares and garboile shal there be arysinges of nacion againste nacion, and royalme againste royalme. Udal. Luke, c. 21. It is the deuilishe sort of men that insourgeth and raiseth garboyle againste the veritie, whiche thei deadly hate and cannot abyde.-Id. Ib. c. 23. She's dead, my queene. Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act i sc. 3. Hippocrates had caused it to be bruited at Syracusa, that Marcellus had put all the Leontines to the sword, not sparing Attle children; and afterwards Hippocrates coming thither on the sudden, in the fear and garboil of this false bruit, he easily took the city.-North. Plutarch, p. 260. But by this means all Greece stood in marvellous garboil at that time, and the state of the Athenians specially in great danger. Id. Ib. p. 278. Here would be a precedent to tip down so many lords at a time, and to garboil the house, as often as any party should have a great majority Burnet. Own Time, an. 1677. GARD. Perhaps from the A. S. Ge-arwian, gyrwan, gyrian, præparare, instruere, ornare, to prepare, deck, adorn: (to gar, to gare, qv.) or, otherwise, from the A. S. Gyrd-an, to gird, to surround, (sc.) with a binding. Minshew says,a gard, welt or border of a garment, from the Fr. Garder, conservare, because it preserves the garment. A litter born by eight Liburnian slaves, Massinger. The Roman Actor, Act i. se. 1. The Lorde God also planted a garden in Eden from the And the Lord God made to sprig out of the erth, al maner trees bewtyfull to the syght and pleasant to eate, & the tree of lyfe in ye myddes of ye garden, and also the tree of knowledge of good and euill.-Bible, 1551. Gen. c. 2. Yf the husband manne be of thys disappointed, nothyng in maner preuayleth the gardiner, nor yet the waterer, but yf heauen bee seasonable, the whole increase ought to be acknowledged to come thence, and from God. Udal. Corinthians, c. 3. God Almighty first planted a garden. And indeed it is the purest of humane pleasures. It is the greatest refreshment to the spirits of man: without which, buildings and palaces are but grosse handy-workes: and a man shall ever see, that when ages grow to civility and elegancy, men come to build stately, sooner than to garden finely as if gardening were the greater perfection.-Bacon. Ess. Of Gardens. Beneath him with new wonder now he views To all delight of human sense expos d In narrow room Nature's whole wealth, yea more Milton, Paradise Lost, b. iv. The Syrians are great gardeners; they take exceeding paines and bee most curious in gardening; whereupon arose the proverb in Greke, to this effect, many woorts and potherbs in Syria.-Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 5. but to draw the purse strings, and goe for every thing either For in default of gardeninge what remedie was there then, to the butchery or the hearb-market, and so to live upon the pennie.-Id. Ib. b. xix. c. 4. Though Epicurus be said to have been the first that had a garden in Athens, whose citizens before him had theirs in their villas or farms without the city; yet the use of gardens seems to have been the most ancient and the most general of any sorts of possession among mankind, and to have preceded those of corn or of cattle as yielding the easier, the pleasanter, and more natural 100d. Sir W. Temple. On Gardening. But the idea of the garden must be very great, if it answer at all to that of the gardener, [Solomon, who must have employed a great deal of his care and of his study, as well as of his leisure and thought, in these entertainments, since he writ of all plants, from the cedar to the shrub.-Id. Ib. I have had no share at all in publick affairs; but, on the contrary, I am wholly sunk in my gardening, and the quiet of a private life; which, I thank God, agrees with me as well as the splendour of the world, and gives me a great deal more quiet and satisfaction-Id. Letter to Mr. Wickfort. Or if the garden with its many cares, All well repaid, demand him, he attends Or misapplying his unskilful strength.-Cowper.Task.b.ill A gardener who cultivates his own garden with his own hands, unites in his own person the three different charac ters, of landlord, farmer, and labourer. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c, 6. Gardening was probably one of the first arts that suc ceeded to that of building houses, and naturally attended property and individual possession. GARE, or GA'RISHNESS. Walpole. On Modern Gardening. "Clothed magnificently, splen.. didly, and for state," says Skinner; who adds, "I know not whether from the A. S. Gearwian, to prepare, to ornament." (See GARNISH, GARRISON.) Garish (says Mr. Steevens) is gaudy, showy; also sometimes, wild, flighty. The verb to gaure, (Chaucer,) or gare, (Phaer,) which Speight and Tyrwhitt explain to ostentatiously, staringly fine or gay; and thus stare, is no doubt the origin of the adj. garish, gaudy, &c. Garish may be explained Gaudy, showy, ostentatious; ostentatiously staringly fine or gay; staring. Doun fro the caste! cometh ther many a wight gauren on this ship and on Custance. Το Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 5331. And said her, now cast it awaie anon Id. Troilus, b. ii. What faces? what a watch ther stands at eury gate in sight? With fifty garing heades a monstrous dragon stands vpright? Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. v. My glancing lookes are gone, which wonted where to prie And when I shall die, Shakespeare. Romeo & Juliet, Act iii. sc. I Bp. Hall, b. iii. Sat. 1. Starting up and garishly staring about, especially on the face of Eliosto.-Hinde. Eliosto Libidinoso, 1606. Not but that mercies are competent and apt instruments of grace, if we would; but because we are more dispersed in our spirits, and by a prosperous accident are melted into joy and garishness, and drawn off from the sobriety of recollection.-Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 12. This [fasting] is a singular corrective of that pride and garithness of temper, that renders it impatient of the sobrieties of virtue; but open to all the wild suggestions of fancy, and the impressions of vice.-South, vol. ix. Ser. 5. Not more fair the star that leads GARGARIZE, v. GARGARIZE, n. GARGARISM. Fr. Gargarizer, to gargle; It. Gargarizzare Sp. Gargarizar; Lat. Gargarizo; Gr. Γαργαρίζω, from Γαργαρέων, gur. gulio, the wind-pipe: a name formed from the sound, (Vossius.) For the application of the word, see the quot tion from Burton. Gargarising if it be not liscretly vsed may do more harme than good, brynge downe moche aboundaunce of mater vndigested, but taken in order with water, hony, and pepper, or with issope and fygges boyled in white wine, and taken very hote in a gargarise is right conuenient. Sir T. Elyot. The Castel of Hellh, b. iv. c. 2 Therewith gargarise your mouth fastinge, vntill the fleume be purged oute of your heade. Sir T. Elyot. Castel of Helth, b. iv. c. 3. The use of the juice drawne out of roses, is good for the And vinegar put to the nosthrils, or gargarised, doth it also: [help somewhat to ease the hiccough.] For that it is astringent, and inhabiteth the motion of the spirit. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 686. GARGLE, v. Į Ger. Gurgel, gurgeln; Dut. GA'RGLE, n. Gorghel, gorghelen; Fr. Garyouille, the weason of the throat. Gargouiller; It. Gargogliare; all, says Skinner, from the Lat. Gurges. It is applied by Holland to a disease in the throat; also, as in Lidgate and Hall, to "A gutter that receives and voids the rain falling on divers roofs or houses;" frequently terminated with the heads of animals, (Cotgrave.) To cleanse or wash the throat by regurgitating or throwing back, the liquid, by the action of the wind-pipe. in Waller and Fenton, to throw back sounds or notes of music in a similar manner. And every house covered was with lead, Lidgate. Troy. Ellis, vol. i. In the fyrste worke were gargylles of golde fiersely faced with spoutes runnyng.-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 19. - Vpstands to skies a brasen towre, Where sits Tisiphonee with blood read tooles, and visage sowre, That combrous monster feend, both daies and nights the Let the patient gargle this as often as need requires. Let those which only warble long Waller. To Mr. Henry Leaves. So charm'd you were, you ceas'd awhile to dote Fenton. Prologue to Southerne's Spartan Dame. She gatherith floures, partie white and red, A rose garland had she set.-Id. Rom. of the Rose. Skelton. The Crowne of Laurell. Philip therefore as though he had bene the reuenger of sacriledge, and not of the Thebanes, commanding all his Bouldiours to put garlands of laurel vpon their heades, and in this wyse as hauing God the chiefe captaine of his enterpryse he marched into the field.-Goldyng. Justine, fol. 42. For the light bearers, sea-green, waved about the skirts And her before was seated ouerthwart The coronets or guirlandes used in auncient time, were Holland. Plinie, b. xxi. c. 2. Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xvii. Cawthorn. Abelard to Eloisa. In the reign of James I. they [Ballads of a certain description] began to be collected into little miscellanies, under the name of Garlands, and at length to be written purposely for such collections.-Percy. Essay on the Ancient Minstrels. GARLICK. A. S. Gearliac, garlic, allium. Ich have pip, and pionys. and a pound of garlick. As touching garlicke, it is singular good and of great force GARLAND, v. Į Fr. Garlande, ghirlande, for those that chaunge aire and come to strange waters. GA'RLAND, n. guirlande, It. Ghirlanda, corona, sertum: "I believe," says Skinner, "a gyrando, i.e. from its surrounding the head, or from Corolla." Menage, from Gyrus. We have in A. S. the noun Gyrd-el, a girdle, (a diminutive from the A. S. verb Gyrd-an, to gird.) And hence Tooke supposes the verb Gyrdel-an, whose pres. part. would be Gyrdeland, encircling, surrounding; and (for which we now employ ing) being the A. S. and Old English termination of the participles present: and he doubts not that gyrdeland, gyrdland, gyrlund, has become our modern garland, (Div. of Purley, ii. 275.) Garland is commonly applied to Lest the Gods, for sin, scarcely say that it had a sweet and pleasant flavour like In describing the taste of an unknown fruit, you would Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful, Introd. GARMENT, v. Į The noun is written in Any thing prepared or provided, (sc.) for the For he sente hem forth selverles. in somer garnement. In manye gay garnemens, that weren gold beten. Oon lyk to the Sone of Man clothid with a long garnement. One lyke vnto the Sonne of Mã, clothed with a lynnen garmente downe to the grounde.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Maintaine thy selfe after thy rent Of robe and cke of garment, For many sithe fair clothing A man amendeth in much thing.-Chaucer.R. of the R. Embroidered was again the daie.-Gower. Con. A. bi. Methought it was no garnement To clothen hym the sommer tide.-Id. Ib. b. v. When Somer take in hand the Winter to assail, Surrey. Virgile. Æneis, b. il. And the constant, prevailing, habitual temper or disposition of any man's spirit can no way be set forth more expressively and affectionately; than under the similitude of bodily garments, so investing the person as to be his proper and distinguishing attire.-Clarke, vol. vii. Ser. 1. From these, after two or three generations, came Upsouranios and his brother Ousous. One of them invented the art of building cottages of reeds and rushes; the other the art of making garments of the skins of wild beasts. Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. ii. 8. 4. GARNER. Fr. Grenier; It. Granaio; Sp. A place where grain is deposited or stored. the Or keepe it as a cesterne for foule toades All libraries, which are schools, camps and courts; Donne. Letter to Sir Henry Goodyere. GARNET. Harte. Christ's Parable of the Sower. Garnet or granat stone, (Fr. Grenat ;) Sp. Granate; It. Granata; Low Lat. Granatus. A precious stone, so called from its resemblance in colour and form to the grains or seeds of pomegranate, (grenade.) Menage. |