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GARNISH, v. GARNISH, R. GARNISHING, n. GARNISHMENT. GARNITURE.

Fr. Garnir; It. Guarnire; Sp. Guarnecer. Menage, Caseneuve, and Wachter,-from the Low Lat. Warnire or warnitus, and this from the Ger. Waeren or warnen, to fortify, to provide with arms, (of which the A. S. Warnian, gewarnian, ge-warian, to take heed, to beware, is the root.) Skinner, with more probability, from the A. S. Gearwe, paratus, gearwian, præparare, to prepare. (See GARE, GEAR.) As the

"Fr. Garnir,-to provide, store, supply, furnish, accommodate; fill with; deck, adorn, trim, beautifie, set forth with," (Cotgrave.)

Next in order came x. chariots garnished and wrought with siluer and gold.-Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 24.

And therefore this auctour's answere garnished with these three gaye wordes of astate, nature, and condicion, is deuised but for a shifte.

Bp.Gardner. Explication. Of Transubstantiacion, fol.130.

At whiche departing the king gaue to the admyral of Frauce a garnishe of gilt vessell, a payre of couered basons gilt.-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 10.

For the ornamentes & garnishing of ceremonies in dede make outwardli a shewe or semblauce of godlinesse: but because thei are only certain vain countrefaictes of thinges, thei kepe not awai ye assaulte of wicked spirites, but rather are an occasio of a ferther vngodlinesse.-Udal. Luke, c. 11.

And also considering the goodly garnishment of this realme by the great and wise number of noble lordes and valiant knightes, which were suche, as no Christian realme for the number of them could then shewe the lyke.

Grafton. Rich. II. an. 21.

And ye, brave lords, whose goodly personage
And noble deeds, each other garnishing,
Make you ensample to the present Age
Of th' old heroes.

Spenser. To the Right Hon. the Lord Charles Howard.

The gorgeous citty (garnish'd like a bride)

Where Christ for spouse expected is to passe,
With walles of jasper compass'd on each side,
Hath streets all pav'd with gold more bright than glasse.
Stirling. Doomes-day. The Twelfth Houre.

Why, 'tis an office of discouery, loue,
And I should be obscur'd.

Lor. So you are sweet.
Euen in the louely garnish of a boy.

Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act ii. sc. 6.

For what is more ordinary with them [architects] than the taking in flowers and fruitage for the garnishing of thefr work.-H. More. Antidote against Atheism, b. ii. c. 5.

The hearse was garnished with great escutcheons, bossed with great crowns; and all under feet with black, and a great pall of cloth of gold, and coat-armour, target, sword, and crest.-Strype. Life of Abp. Grindal, b. i. c. 3. an. 1559.

Before they came to the Pope's bed-chamber, they passed three chambers, all naked and unhanged, the roofs fallen down, and, as was guessed, third persons, riff-raff, and others standing in the chambers for a garnishment.

Id. Memorials. Hen. VIII. an. 1527.

I confess, where real kindnesses are done, these circumstantial garnitures of love (as I may so call them) may be dispensed with; and it is better to have a rough friend than a fawning enemy.-South, vol, iii. Ser. 3.

The table was garnished round with hot bread-fruit, and plantains, and a quantity of cocoa-nuts brought for drink. Cook. Second Voyage, b. i. c. 13.

Courted by all, by few the fair is won,
Those lose who seek her, and those gain who shun;
Naked she flies to merit in distress,
And leaves to Courts the garnish of her dress.

P. Whitehead. Honour. A Satire. Where then lies the difference between the food of the nobleman and the porter, if both are at dinner on the same ox or cal, but in the seasoning, the dressing, the garnishing, and the setting forth. Fielding. History of a Foundling, b. i. c. 1.

O, how canst thou renounce the boundless store,
Of charms that Nature to her votary yields !
The warbling woodland, the resounding shore,
The pomp of groves, and garniture of fields.

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Beattie. The Minstrel, b. i. GARRET. Probably of the same origin GARRETE'ERS. as Garrison, (qv.) Fr. Garite, GA'RRETTED. which, among other usages (see Cotgrave, and the quotations from Berners,) is applied" To a little lodge for a sentinel, built on high." G. Douglas renders the alta specula, upon which Misenus, and the moles upon which Caicus stood, "the hie garrit, the hie garrot." In common

VOL. I.

English it is now applied to what Skinner calls, Suprema domus contignatio, i.e.

The highest story of the house.

Then he began to call and to knocke, but noo man wolde answere hym, yet he sawe men go vp and downe on the garrettes of the gate and walles. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 51.

They of the towne on the walles and garettes stode styll and behelde them.-Id. Ib. vol. i. c. 278.

All the galleryes and chambers were full of lords, knightes and gentlemen, & the garrattes aboue full of Frenche lackays & varlettes, which wer pléteously serued. Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 19.

Now man that trusts, with weary thighs,
Seeks garret where small poet lies:
He comes to Lane, finds garret shut,
Then, not with knuckle, but with foot
He rudely thrusts.

Davenant. The Long Vacation in England.

Mount Edgcombe was the scene of this hospitality; a house new built, and named by the aforesaid knight, [Sir Richard Edgecumbe] a square structure with a round turret at each end, garretted on the top. Fuller. Worthies. Cornwall.

Go then, and as to thee, when thou didst go,
Munster did towns, and Gesner authors show,
Mount now to Gallo-belgicus; appear
As deep a statesman as a garreteer.

Donne. Upon Coryatt's Crudities.

Then solitary walk, or doze at home
In garret vile, and with a warming puff
Regale chill'd fingers.-J. Philips. The Splendid Shilling.

When they become my grandfather and grandmother, they mount to the two pair of stairs; and then, unless dispatched to the mansion-house in the countrey, or crouded into the house-keeper's room, they perish among the lumber of garrets, or flutter into rags before a broker's shop at the Seven Dials.-Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iv. c. 1.

Priests who panted for preferment preached despotism in their pulpits, and garreteers who hungered after places or pensions, racked their invention to propagate its spirit by their pamphlets.-V. Knox. The Spirit of Despotism, s. 9.

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I can not seen how thou maist go Other waies to garisoun. Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. And after that, we conseille that in thin hous thou set suffisant garnisoun, so that they moun as wel thy body as thy hous defende.-Id. Tale of Melibeus.

For thus sayth Tullius, that ther is a maner garneson, that no man may vanquish ne discomfite, and that is a Lord to be beloved of his citizeins, and of his peple.-Id. Ib.

In this yere also, as affermyth the Freshe Cronycle, this mysery & vnkyndnesse thus reygning in Englonde, the Lorde Talbot than being in Normady, and in defendynge of ye kynge's garysons, was beset with Frenshe men at a place named Castyllyon.-Fabyan. Hen. VI. an. 1454.

And I perswade me God hath not permitted His strength again to grow up with his hair, Garrison'd round about him like a camp Of faithful souldiery, were not his purpose To use him further yet in some great service. Milton. Samson Agonistes. The seventh, he nameth Hippos or Hippion, a city so called of a colony of horsemen, there garrisoned by Herod, on the east side of the Galilean sea. Ralegh. History of the World, b. ii. c. 7. s. 4. Thy virtuous thoughts when all the others rest, Like careful scouts, pass up and down thy breast. And still they round about that place do keep, Whilst all the blessed garrison do sleep.

Drayton. Black Prince to the Countess of Salisbury. Let them be directed to Burlington or Whitby, for Scarborough is lost; but yet with some caution, as to inquire have garrisoned those places before we come thither. before they put in, lest by any accident the enemy should Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. in. p. 307. 881

Then thus a herald-" To the States of Greece
The Roman People, unconfin'd, restore
Their countries, cities, liberties, and laws;
Taxes remit, and garrisons withdraw."

Thomson. Liberty, pt. iil.

But the moment in which war begins, or rather the moment in which it appears likely to begin, the army must be augmented, the fleet must be fitted out, the garrisoned towns must be put into a posture of defence; that army, that fleet, those garrisoned towns, must be furnished with arms, ammunition, and provisions.

Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 3.

A few garrisons at the necks of land, and a fleet to connect them, and to awe the coast, must at any time have been sufficient irrecoverably to subdue that part of Britain.

Burke. Abridgement of English History, b. i. c. 4 GA'RRON. Ger. Gurr, gorr, equus. Gorre, equa; caballus; dicitur, says Kilian, plerumque small horse, a galloway. equus annosus et strigosus. Jamieson calls it a

And when he comes forth he will make their cowes and garrons to walke, if he doe no other harme to their persons. Spenser. View of the State of Ireland.

Letters that some of the kerns in Ireland having got together in arms, Colonel Nelson with a party fell into their quarters by break of day, killed about 300 of them, took 900 cattle and 2 garrons.-Whitelock. Memorials, an. 1663.

Every man would be forced to provide winter fodder for his team (whereas common garrons shift upon grass the year round.)-Sir W. Temple. Advancement of Trade in Ireland. GARRU'LITY. Fr. Garrulité; It. GarruGA'RRULOUS. lità; Lat. Garrulitas; from

the Lat. Garrire, to prate.

A prating or prattling. babbling, talkativeness, loquaciousness.

For if a prattling fellow chance to hear some short and little tale, such is the nature of this disease called garrulity, that his hearing is but a kind of taking his winde new, to babble it forth again immediately, much more than it was, or like a whirlpool which whatsoever it taketh once, the same it sendeth it up again very often with the vantage. Holland. Plutarch, p. 158.

Let me here,
As I deserve, pay on my punishment;
And expiate, if possible, my crime,
Shamefull garrulity.

Milton. Samson Agonistes.

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Excessive garrulity is certainly incompatible with solid thinking, and a mark of that volatile and superficial turn, which, dwelling upon the surfaces of things, never penetrates deeply enough to make any valuable discoveries. V. Knox. Winter Evenings, Even. 11. Pardon, my lord, the feeble garrulity of age, which loves to diffuse itself in discourse of the departed great. Burke. Letter to a Noble Lord.

Arachne shrunk beneath Tritonia's rage;
Tithonus chang'd and garrulous with age.

GARTER, v. GA'RTER, n. GA'RTERING, n.

Brooke. Universal Beauty, b. v. Fr. Jartier; It. Giartiera; Sp. Jarretera. A garter (says Tooke) is a girder; from the A. S. Gyrdan, to gird, to surround, to enclose. To garter,

To put on, bind on, a garter; and thus, gartered, is, consequentially, invested with the order of the garter.

In the ende thereof [the xix. yere] he there deuysed the order of the garter, and after stablyshid it as at this daye is contynued.-Fabyan. Edward III. an. '344.

Where to should I disclose The gartering of her hose.

Skelton. The Boke of Philip Sparow. Hee being in loue, could not see to garter his hose; and you, beeing in loue cannot see to put on your hose.

Shakespeare. Two Gent. of Verona, Act ii. sc. 1. With a linnen stock on one leg, and a kersey boot-hose on the other, gartered with a red and blew list.

Id. Taming of the Shrew, Act iii. sc. 2. -What boots it thee To shew the rusted buckle that did tie The garter of thy greatest grandsire's knee !

SU

Donne, b. iv. Sat. 3.

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What boon can faithful merit share,

Where interest reigns, or pride, or show! Tis the rich banker, wins the fair,

The garter'd knight, or feather'd beau. Somervile. To Phyllis. Troops of right-honourable porters come, And garter'd small-coal merchants crowd the room. Pitt. On the Masquerades.

He now and then presents a pair of garters of his own Enitting to their mothers or sisters, and raises a great deal of mirth among them, by enquiring as often as he meets them how they wear-Spectator, No. 108.

When Combe her garter'd knights beheld

On barbed steeds advance,

Where ladies crown'd the tented field,

And love inspir'd the lance.

Lovibond. On Rebuilding Combe-Neville.

The very man who in his bed would have trembled at the aspect of a doctor, shall go with intrepidity to attack a bastion, or deliberately noose himself in his garters.

Goldsmith. Citizen of the World, Let. 12.

A vulgar story prevails, but is not supported by any ancient authority, that at a Court-ball, Edward's mistress, commonly supposed to be the Countess of Salisbury, dropped her garter; and the King taking it up, observed some of the courtiers to smile, as if they thought that he had not obtained this favour merely by accident; upon which he called out, Honi soi qui mal y pense, Evil to him that evil thinks, Hume. Hist. of Eng. c. 16. Edw. III. an. 1349.

GA'RUM. See the example from Pliny. GA'ROUS. Lennep says, that the reason of the name is not very clear.

And yet is there one kind more of an exquisit and daintie liquor in manner of a dripping, called garum, proceeding from the garbage of fishes, and such other offall as commonly the cooke useth to cast away, as it lieth soaking in salt: so as if a man would speake properly, it is no other but the humour that commeth from them as they doe lie and putrifie. In old times this sauce was made of that fish which the Greeks called garon.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxxi. c. 7.

Offensive odour, proceeding partly from its [the beaver] food, that being especially fish: whereof this humour may be a garous excretion and olidous separation.

GAS.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 4.

A general name applied originally,

GA'SEOUS.} by Van Helmont, to clastic fluids.

That also such subterraneal steams will easily mingle with liquors, and imbue them with their own qualities, may be inferred from the experiment of mixing the gas, [as the Helmontians call it] or the scarce coagulable fumes of kindied and extinguished brimstone, with wine, which is thereby long preserved.-Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 557.

The chymist is interested in the study of chymistry; in the various experiments he is making, he waits with a pleasing eagerness for the result, and triumphs in his success, without having an individual attachment to acids, alkalis, metals, earths, and gasses.

Cogan. On the Passions, vol. ii. Dis. 3. c. 3. s. 1. The substance employed, [in the principal of muscular motion] whether it be fluid, gaseous, elastic, electrical, or none of these, or nothing resembling these, is unknown to us.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 7.

GASCONA'DE.

From Gascon, a native of Gascony; to whom the vice of idle boasting was attributed.

Indeed his great volubility and inimitable manner of speaking, as well as the great courage he showed on those occasions, did sometimes betray him into that figure of speech which is commonly distinguished by the name of gasconade.-Taller, No. 115.

I tell you, without any gasconade, that I had rather be banished for my whole life, because I have helped to make the peace, than be raised to the highest honour for having contributed to obstruct it.

Bolingbroke. Letter to the Earl of Peterborough.

The gascoons and the female three
Convers'd in idioms which belong

To Venus's great mystery.-Cooper. Ver-Vert, c. 3.

GASH, v. Probably from the A. S. GeGASH, n. Shaccan, contracted into gaccan, and the cs softened into ch or sh; concidere, dissecare, secando comminuere, to cut, to cut in pieces. See to HACK.

To cut; to cut (sc.) deeply, widely.

View & beholde you my handes & my feete, thei have manifest prietes of the nailles; touche and handle ye my side, it hath the gashe of the speare.-Udal. Luke, c. 24.

Upon his hurt she looks so stedfastly

That her sight dazzling makes the wound seem three; And then she reprehends her mangling eye, That makes more gashes where no breach should be. Shakespeare. Venus & Adonis.

And so was this king after his death by a base souldier, gasht and hackt into the legge, whom Duke William rewarded for so unsoldierlike a deed, cashiering him for euer out of his wages and warres.

Speed. Harold, b. viii. c. 7. s. 50.
And from the gash

A stream of nectarous humour issuing flow'd
Sanguin, such as Celestial Spirits may bleed,
And all his armour staind, crewhile so bright.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vi.

The dames of Argive strain,
Who wept their fathers and their husbands slain,
Attir'd as mourners, or a captive band.

In sad procession move along the strand,
All gasht with wounds.-Lewis. Thebais of Statius, b. xii

This, when returning from the foughten field,

Or Noric, or Iberian, seam'd with scars,

(Sad signatures of many a dreadful gash !) The veteran, carousing, soon restores Puissance to his arm, and strings his nerves.

J. Philips. Cerealia. 282. Should he spit on him through pride, the king shall order both his lips to be gashed. Sir W. Jones. The Ordinances of Menu, c. 7.

Ought we, like madmen, to tear off the plasters, that the lenient hand of prudence had spread over the wounds and gashes, which in our delirium of ambition we had given to our own body.

Burke. Speech at Bristol, previous to the Election, 1780. GA'SKINS. See GALLIGASKINS.

I am resolu'd on two points. Ma. That if one breake, the other will hold: or, if both breake, your gaskins fall. Shakespeare. Twelfth Night, Acti. sc. 5.

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For thee I longde to liue, for thee nowe welcome death: And welcome be that happie pang, that stops my gasping breath.-Gascoigne. Flowres. In Trust is Treason.

Or beene thine eyes attemp'red to the yeere,
Quenching the gasping furrowes thirst with raine?
Like April showre, so streames the trikling teares
Adowne thy cheeke, to quench thy thirsty paine.
Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. Aprill.
Those rugged names to our like mouthes grow sleek,
That would have made Quintilian stare and gasp.
Milton, son. 11.

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No snaky fiends with more remorseless spight
Rend one another's breasts, than man doth man's:
Wounds, shrieks and gaspings are his proud delight,
And he by hellishness his prowes scans.
Beaumont. Pysche, c. 11. 8. 27.

Now, for a sinner to neglect this, to slight and trample upon the conditions of pardon, what is it else but as if a man, that lay gasping under a mortal wound, should both throw away the balsam, and defy the physician. South, vol. ix. Ser. 7. Certainly there is no deceit more dangerous, nor I fear more common in the world, than for men to think that God is so easie to pardon sin, that though they spend their lives in satisfying their lusts; they shall make amends for all by a dying sorrow and a gasping repentance. Stillingfleet, vol. i. Ser. 10.

The Castilian and his wife had the comfort to be under another, and gasped after their liberty, demanded a most the same master; who seeing how dearly they loved one exorbitant price for their ransom.-Spectator, No. 198.

Let all be hush'd, each softest motion cease,
Be every loud tumultuous thought at peace,
And every ruder gasp of breath
Be calm, as in the arms of death.

Congreve. On Mrs. A. Hunt, Singing.
Hail, sacred names!-Oh guard the Muse's page,
Save your lov'd mistress from a ruffian's rage;
See how she gasps and struggles hard for life,
Her wounds all bleeding from the butcher's knife.
Lloyd. Epistle to C. Churchi..

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GAST, v. or (Also written Ghast.) SkinGHAST. ner thinks that gastly is q. d GA'STFUL. ghostly or ghostlike. Aghast GA'STLY. or agast may be the past part. GA'STLINESS. agazed. (See the quotation GA'STNESS. from Shakespeare in v. Agast.) Agazed may mean, made to gaze; a verb built on the verb to gaze. Gasted, i.e. made aghast; which is again a verb built on the part. aghast. Gastered may be supposed an ignorantly coined or fantastical cant word, or corruptly used for gasted." See Tooke, (i. 460.) who considers that it may be an objection to this derivation, that the word agast always denotes a considerable degree of terror; which to gaze does not; for we may gaze with delight, with wonder or admiration; he, therefore, inclines to the Goth. Agids, territus, the past part. of agyan, timere; which agids might become agidst or agisd, agist, agast. But see AGAST.

To make aghast,-to terrify, to frighten. Gastful,-frightful. Gastly,-like one agazed, terrified; hideous with affright, terrific.

A tirant that was king of Cicile, that had assaid the peril of his estate, shewed by similitude the dredes of realmes by gostness of a sword, that hong ouer the heed of his familiar. Chaucer. Boecius, b. iii.

And he [Phebus? the same throwe
With gastlie voyce, that all it herde,
The Romaines in this wise answerde.

Then this beheste to me

O Joue betake, that I may be. deuoyde of all those gooddes

Gower. Con. A. b. vii.

That brews such banefull broyles, or brings of feare suche gastfull fluddes.

A woulfe by hap espide

this sielie lamb in place,

Drant. Horace, b. i. Sat. 1

And thought hir fittest for his pray :

not gastly was his face.

Turbervile. Upon the Death of Eliz. Arhundle. But when he saw my best alarum'd spirits Bold in the quarrel's right, rouz'd to th' encounter, Or whether gasted by the noyse I made,

Full sodainly he fled.-Shakespeare. Lear, Act ii. sc. 2.

These men vppon their submission were so pined away for want of foode, and so ghasted with feare within seuen or eight weekes, by reason they were so roundly followed without any interime of rest, that they looked rather like to ghosts than men.-Stow. Queen Elizabeth, an. 1586.

Either the sight of the lady has gaster'd him, or else he's drunk.-Beaum.& Fletch. Wit at seueral Weapons, Act ii.sc.1.

Here will I dwell apart

In gastfull grove therefore, till my last sleep
Doo close my eyes.-Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. Aug.
I tell no lie, so gastly grew my name,
That it alone discomfited an host.

Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 315.
The messenger of death, the gastly owle,
With drery shriekes did also her bewray.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 5.

Thence I behold the miserie of men,
Which want the bliss that wisdom would them breed,
And like brute beasts doo lie in loathsome den
Of ghostly darkness, and of gastlie dread.

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Iago. Look you pale, mistris? Do you perceiue the gastmesse of her eye.

Stirling, son. 64.

Shakespeare. Othello, Act v. sc. 1. But in the dead of night, He dreamt his friend appear'd before his sight, Who, with a ghastly look and doleful cry, Said, help me, brother, or this night I die: Arise, and help, before all help be vain, Or in an ox's stall I shall be slain.

Dryden. The Cock and the Fox. Before he commences his operations, in order to scare the publick imagination, he raises by art magick a thick mist before our eyes, through which glare the most ghastly and horrible phantoms.-Burke. On a late State of the Nation.

GASTRICK From the Gr. Faornp, the belly. The gastric juice, or the liquor which digests the food in the stomachs of animals, is of this class. Of all menstrua, It is the most active, the most universal.

Paley. Natural Theology, c. 7. GATE. Goth. Gagg; A. S. Gata, gæt; GA'TED. from Goth. Gaggan; A. S. GATE-HOUSE. Gangan, gan, ire, to go: the way gaed, gane or gone; that through which or along which, itur, it is gaed, gade, gate.

The way gone; a way, a road, path or passage. To take the gate, take the way or road; go away, depart. It is also applied to

large door, as the gate of the city; to a door into fields.

Gatehouse was the name of a prison over the gate at the north entrance of Dean's-yard, Westminster.

And made kynges fourme of bras al holu wythinne,
Vpe an hors ryde of bras, & that body dude therynne
And vpe the west gate of Londone sette hit wel hye.
R. Gloucester, p. 251.

Is wei he nom bi Oxenford, ac the borgeis anon
The zates made azen him of the toune ech on.-Id. p.540.
Was ther non entre, that to the castelle gan ligge,
Bot a streite kauce, at the end a draubt brigge,
With grete duble cheynes drauhen ouer the gate,
& fyfti armed sueynes porters at that gate.

R. Brunne, p. 183.
The flom sone he left, ageyn toke his gate,
The duke fro tham he reft, welnere he com to late.
Id. p. 191.
And the peuple was plener come. the porter unpynnede
the gate.-Piers Plouhman, p. 203.

Ther is no law as ich leyve. wol let hym the gate.
Ther God is gatwarde hymself.
Id. p. 219.

For which thing Jesu, that he schulde halewe the peple bi his blood, suffride without the gate.-Wiclif. Ebrewis, c. 18. Therefore Jesus to sanetify the people with his own bloude, suffered wythout the gate.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

With that word reason went her gate.
Chaucer. Rom. of the
And forthe they gone
The foure gates for to assaile.
He reineth, and the water gates
Undoth.

Id. Ib.

Gower. Con. A. b. iii.

And also that he be right ware,
In what maner he ledeth his chare,
That he mistake not his gate.

Of elephants' tethe were the palace gates
Enlosenged with many goodly plates.

He com to the gateward.

Id. Ib.

ose.

Skelton. Answereth to Lidgate. The Geste of King Horn. Ritson, vol. ii. The leaporous distilment; whose effect Holds such an enmity with bloud of man, That swift as quick siluer it courses through The natural gates and allies of the body.

Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act i. sc. 5.

The mountains within this tribe are few, and that of Sampson the chiefest; unto which he carried the gate-post of Gaza.-Ralegh. History of the World, b. ii. c. 10. s. 2.

But that that mooued him most, was, that being a king

that loued wealth and treasure, hee could not endure to have

trade sicke, nor any obstruction to continue in the gate-vaine which disperseth that blood.-Bacon. Hen. VII. p. 160. The gates of hell are open night and day; Smooth the descent, and easy is the way; But to return, and view the chearful skies; In this the task, and mighty labour lies.

Dryden. Virgil. Eneid, b. vi. But his [the king's] messenger being carried to the Earl of Essex, was by him used very roughly, and by the houses committed to the gate-house, not without the motion of some men, that he might be executed as a spy.

Clarendon. Civil Wars, vol. ii. p. 76.

Meantime a sudden jarring sound was heard,
When from a narrow gate a dame appear'd,
Ungirt, with feet unshod, with hair display'd,
Who by her name addressed the warrior-maid.

Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. iii.
What childish toys,
Thy watery columns squirted to the clouds!
Thy bason'd rivers, and imprison'd seas!
Thy mountains moulded into forms of men,
Thy hundred-gated capitals.-Young. Complaint, Night 9.
GATHER, v. A. S. Gaderian, colligere,!
GA'THER, n.
congregare; Dut. Gaderen.
GATHERABLE. To bring or draw into one
GA'THERER. place; to collect, to assemble,
to congregate; also, to select

GA'THERING, R.

or pick out; to contract, to accumulate; to get, to acquire.

Tho wende the quene forth to Cornewail a non,
And gonge stale worthe men gederede mony on.
R. Gloucester, p. 26.

Now rises Eilrid, & gadres oste stark
& chaces Kyng Knoute in tille Denmark.
R. Brunne, p. 45.
And yf glotenye greve poverte. he gadereth the lesse.
Piers Plouhman, p. 266.

And he gaderide togydre alle the princis of prestis and scribis of the puple; and enquiride of hem where Christ shoulde be boran.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 2.

And he gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people, & asked the where Christ shulde be born. Bible, 1551. Ib. But of the gederyngis of monei that ben maad into seyntis as I ordeynyde in the chirchis of Galathie, so also do ghe oo dai of the woke. ech of ghou kepe at hymsilf kepynge that that plesith to him, that whanne I come the gaderingis be not maad.-Wiclif. 1 Cor. c. 16.

Of the gatherynge for the sainctes, as I haue ordeyned in the congregacions of Galacia, euen so do ye. Upon some Sondaye let euerye one of you put a syde at home, and laye up whatsoeuer he thynketh mete, that there be no gatherynges when I come.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

For trusteth wel, that erles, dukes, kinges
Were gathered in this noble compagnie,
For love, and for encrese of chevalrie.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2185. [He] gadred him a meinie of his sort.

Id. The Cokes Tale, v. 4379.

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Thus sayth Bucer who understandeth Saincte Augustine, as I haue before alleaged him, and gathereth thereof a conclusion that no man can by the father's saiynges proue Christe to be absente in the holye souppere.

Bp. Gardner. Explication, fol. 85.

Mathew whiche was a toll gaderer, anon as he was called of God forsoke that life and folowed Christ.

Fisher. On the Seven Psalmes, Ps. 32.

Euery man did eate hys fill, and there was nothyng lackyng, insomuche that seuen baskettes wer fylled of the gatheringis of scrappes which remayned.-Udal. Matt. c. 25.

Secondly, persons by, 1. going about as patent-gatherera, or gatherers of alms under pretence of loss by fire, or other casualty.-Fielding. On the Increase of Robbers, &c.

The word which here, and in other parts of this same book, is very properly rendered in our English Bibles by "the Preacher," differs not in a single letter from that plural word which in the promises to Jacob the Seventy have rendered by the gatherings.-Horsley, vol. ii. Ser. 26.

GAT-TOOTHED. Whether we read gattothed with the generality of the MSS., or cat-tothed with one MS., or gap-tothed with Urry, Mr. Tyrwhitt confesses himself equally unable to explain what is meant by this circumstance of description. Gat-toothed, says Mr. Todd, (in his Glossary to the Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer) is gouttoothed. Goat (as in the instance from Spenser) is written by our old writers gat or gate. Skinner had suggested this etymology, but of what Chaucer meant by the word, he professes his ignorance. Mr. Todd thinks the meaning clear and pointed, when we consider the (goatisk) disposition of the person to whom the word is applied. Dryden follows Urry.

Gat-toothed was she, sothely for to say,

Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 470.

But yet I had alway a coltes toth.
Gat-toothed I was, and that became me wele.
Id. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 6185.
And when my gates shall han their bellies laide,
Cuddy shall haue a kidde to store his farme.

Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. October. Even the ribaldry of the low characters is different; the Reeve, the Miller, and the Cook, are several men, and distinguished from each other, as much as the mincing Lady Prioress, and the broad-speaking gap-toothed Wife of Bathe.

GAUD. GA'UDED.

GALUDERY.

GA'UDY.

GA'UDISH.

Dryden. Fables, Pref.

The old etymologists have nothing worth notice. Dr. Jamieson, following the Glossarist, explains the word in the passage quoted below from G. Douglas; GA'UDILY. a trick. Tooke produces the same GA'UDINESS. passage in support of his etymology and explanation. Gew-yaw, he says, is in A. S. Ge-gaf; the past part. of the verb gegifan; and means, any such trifling thing as is given away. or presented to any one. Gaud (he adds) has the same meaning, and is the same word, with the omission of the prefix ge, gi, or gew, and is the past part. of gif-an; gaved, gav'd, gavd, gaude. May not the Dut. Gad-en, gaeyen, to please, to gratify, formed perhaps from an A. S. verb, geSpenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 6. eadean, comp. of ge, and ead-ian, ead-igan, which

Ween you it was for nothing, that wise men forbed you the rule & gouernance of countries; and that St. Paule biddeth, you shall not speak in congregations and gathering of people!-Vives. Instruction of a Christian Woman, b. ii. c.8.

And, throwing downe his load out of his hand,
To weet, great store of forrest fruite which hee
Had for his food late gathered from the tree,
Himself unto his weapon he betooke.

Not that faire field

latter Lye interprets, beatificare, be the true etymology? See the 8vo. ed. of Tooke, and see also GAY. Gaude is, consequentially

Of Enna, where Proserpin gathering flowrs, Her self a fairer floure, by gloomie Dis Was gathered, which cost Ceres all that pain A pleasing trifle, a toy, a bawble, a piece of To seek her through the world.-Milton. Par. Lost, b. iv. finery; any trumpery: and G. Douglas might light which himselfe hath given. And therefore the lawesi. e. such trumpery pretences as the command of He is the author of all that we think or do by virtue of that intend, "By sic ane gaude," "by such trumpery. by, so far forth as they proceeded from the light of nature, which the very heathens did gather to direct their actions God himselfe doth acknowledge to haue proceeded euen from himselfe, and that he was the writer of them in the tables of their hearts.-Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. iii. § 9.

Eumenes committed the several cities of his government, to his most trusty friends, and appointed them garrisons, with judges, and gatherers of his tributes, such as pleased him best, without any interposing of Perdiccas. Usher. Annals, an. 3681.

As, in a drought, the thirsty creatures cry,
And gape upon the gather'd clouds for rain,
And first the martlet meets it in the sky,
And, with wet wings, joys all the feather'd train.
Dryden. Annus Mirabilis.

As to the difficulty of gathering up all the particles of human bodies, however dispersed through air, earth, or sea, and other difficulties with regard to the fluctuation of parts, and sameness of each body; they can only be difficulties with those, who have not properly considered the omnipotence of that God, who originally created man out of dust, and can no doubt as easily restore him. Gilpin, vol. i. Ser. 22.

How much more properly do those men act, who foreseeing the mischief, which the indulgence of their passions and appetites brings on them, live by the rules of reason and religion, grow old by degrees, and are gathered, like ripe sheaves, into the garner.-Id. vol. ii. Ser. 50.

Virgil.
a Deity." There is nothing corresponding in

Quhat God amovit him with sic ane gaude
In his dedis to use sic slicht and fraude.

G. Douglas, b. x. p. 315. Steevens has remarked on the passage cited below from Antony & Cleopatra, that gaudy "is still an epithet bestowed on feast-days in the colleges of either University."

Gaudy (the adjective) is,-fine, showy; ostentatiously, gorgeously fine, showy or gay.

By this gaude have I wonnen yere by yere
An hundred mark, sin I was Pardonere.

Chaucer. The Pardoneres Tale, v. 12,323. And also thinke wel that this is no gaud.-Id. Troil. b. ii. Of small corall aboute hire arm she bare

A pair of bedes, gauded all with grene.-Id. Prol. v. 159.
In gaudy grene hire statue clothed was
With bow in hond, and arwes in a cas.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2081.
And euery gawde, that glads the minde of man.
Gascoigne. The Steele Glas.

A wonton gyglot maye cal me to sorowful repentaunce, whilst she is yet in her gaudes, and the maystree of the stewes maye persuade me to chastyte.-Bale. ipol. fol. 120.

Supersticion, hipocrisy, and vaine-glorye, were afore that time such vices as men wer glad to hide, but now in their gandishe ceremonies they were taken for God's deuine seruice.-Bale. Voturies, pt. i.

And in twenty places mo than there

Where they make reuell and gaudy chere, With fyll the pot fyll, and go fyll me the can, Here is my penny, and I am a gentylman. The Heyway to the Spital House. Our veyl'd dames Commit the warre of white and damaske In there nicely gawded cheekes to th' wanton spoyle Of Phoebus burning kisses.

Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act ii. sc. 1.

We do employ the money, which they were forced to gather for the maintenance of the wars against the barbarous people, in guilding, building, and setting forth our city, like a glorious woman, all to be gauded with gold and precious stones.-North. Plutarch, p. 137.

Got with a toy, gon with a toy;
Gifts, flattrie, gawdes, or wine,
Will make her checke and flie to game
Lesse faire, perhaps, than thine.

Warner. Albion's England, b. vii. c. 36.

The women are much affected with gaudry, there being nothing more frequent than to see an ancient ladie wear colours.-Evelyn. A Character of England.

What a mere child's fancie

That having two fair gawds of equal sweetness,
Cannot distinguish, but must cry for both.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Two Noble Kinsmen, Act i. sc. 2.

They naked went; or clad in ruder hide,

Or home-spun russet, void of forraine pride:
But thou canst maske in garish gauderie

To suite a foole's far-fetched liverie.-Bp. Hall, b. iii. Sat.1.

the daughters, take the inheritance of their father; and, if no children, all the brothers, if no brothers, all the sisters. It is so called, (he adds) quasi, debitum, seu tributum (A. S. Gafel, or gafol;) soboli, pueris, generi; (A. S. Cyn, or kind:) or, as (Lambard says) gif cal i. e. cyn, omnibus cognatione proximis datum: given to all the next of kin. Somner, from the same gaf-ol, and kind, genus, q.d. a tributary kind of land or farm, prædium vectigale. And of this Skinner approves.

Gavelkind is a custom anciently observed in Kent, whereby the land of the Father is equally divided among his brethren, if he have no issue of his own. This was so common a custom, as appears by the Statute in the 18th year of Henry VI. ch. i., that there were not above thirty or forty persons in Kent that held by any other tenure: but, Anno 31, Henry VIII. ch. iii. many gentlemen upon petition got an alteration thereof.-Spelman. On Tythes, p. 164.

The custom of gavelkind in Kent, and some other parts of the kingdom (though perhaps it was also general till the Norman conquest) ordains, among other things, that not the eldest son only of the father shall succeed to his inheritance, but all the sons alike; and that, though the ancestor be attainted and hanged, yet the heir shall succeed to his estate, without any escheat to the lord. Blackstone. Commentaries, Introd. s. 3.

GAUGE, v. GAUGE, n. GAUGER.

Of uncertain origin. See in - Menage, the opinions of Rigault, Le Duchat, and Caseneuve. Fr. Jauge, gauge; the instrument (says Cotgrave) wherewith a cask is measured. Jauger, to measure a piece of cask. Jaugeur, or gager, or, as Rastall writes, gaugeor. Low Lat. Gagga.

Is not this the merrie month of May,
To measure a cask or other vessel; to ascertain
When loue-lads masken in fresh aray?
the quantity it may contain; (met.) to measure.
How falls it then, we no merrier beene,
Ylike as others, girt in gawdie greene.
And he was before the castell of Perides, where as the
Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. May. lady of Dowaire was, and as the duke aduysed the castel, he
gauged ye depnesse of the dyche with a speare.

And tho' thou seemst like to the bragging bryer,
And spreadst thee like the morn-lov'd marygold,
Yet shall thy sap be shortly dry and seer,
Thy gawdy blossoms blemished with cold.

-Come,

Drayton. Pastorals, Ecl. 2.

Let's have one other gawdy night: can to me
All my sad captains, fill our bowles once more:
Let's mock the midnight bell.

Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act iii. sc. 11.

Indeed, what Tully said of the Roman lady, "That she daunced better than became a modest woman," was true of God's service as by him adorned, the gaudiness prejudicing the gravity thereof.-Fuller. Worthies. Yorkshire.

Some bound for Guinny, golden sand to find,
Bore all the gawds the simple natives wear:
Some for the pride of Turkish Courts design'd,
For folded turbans finest holland bear.

Dryden. Annus Mirabilis.

Yet cheap druggets to a mode are grown,
And a plain suit, since we can make but one,
Is better than to be by tarnish'd gawd'ry known.

Id. Prologue at Opening of the New House, 1674. Gaudery is a pitiful and a mean thing, not extending farther than the surface of the body.-South, vol. v. Ser. 11. Tulips, whilst they are fresh, do indeed by the lustre and vividness of their colours more delight the eye than roses; but then they do not alone quickly fade, but as soon as they have lost that freshness and gaudiness, that solely endeared them, they degenerate into things not only undesirable, but distasteful.-Boyle. Occasional Reflections, s. 4. Ref. 6.

It is not the richness of the price, but the gaudiness of the colour, which exposes to censure.-South, vol. iv. Ser. 1. To mask his ignorance, (as Indians use With gaudy-colour'd plumes Their homely nether parts t' adorn,) &c. Butler. Upon Modern Critics.

Every fit of sickness dispels this gaudy vapour [that we are placed above the common disasters of our species,] and lays bare the helpless condition of humanity, when we are least able to endure the sight. Warburton. Works, vol. x. Ser. 30. Nor, in one hand, fit emblem of thy trade, A rod; in t'other gandily array'd

A hornbook, gilt and letter'd.--Churchill. Gotham, b. iii.

The modern invention of multiplying the works of the artists by devices which require no ingenuity, has prostituted the ornaments of a temple to the gaudiness of a suburban villa, and the decoration of a palace to the embellishment of a tradesman's dour-post.-V. Knox. Ess. No. 67.

GAVELKIND. An ancient custom (says Spelman) of the Anglo-Saxons, brought from Germany, by which all the sons, or, if no sons, all

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 269. Capys, wyth some of iudgement more discrete, Will'd it to drown, or vnderset with flame The suspect present of the Grekes deceit. Or bore and gage the hollow caues vncouth.

Skinner thinks from the A. S. Wind-an, to wind, to enfold, to wrap up; (which, with the usual Anglo-Saxon prefix ge-, would be ge-windan;) because in the cold northern regions they were accustomed to enfold or wrap up the hands in the skins of animals.

A glove or covering for the protection of the hand, and (from the custom of throwing one of these by way of challenge) any thing thrown or proffered in challenge.

At the seconde course came into the hall Sir Robert De mocke the kynge his champion, makynge a proclamacion, that whosoever would saie that Kynge Richard was not law, fully kynge, he woulde fighte with hym at the vtteraunce, and threwe doune his gauntlet; and then al the hal cried Kynge Richard.-Hall. Richard III. an. 2.

Some beat them coats of brasse, or sturdy breastplate hard
they driue,

And some their gauntlets glide, or boots with siluer nesh
contriue.
Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. vii.

But threw his gauntlet, as a sacred pledge,
His cause in combat the next day to try:
So ben they parted both, with harts on edge
To be aveng'd each on his enimy.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 4.
This prince when the day was lost at Tewkesburie, sought
to escape thence by flight, but being taken, was brought into
the presence of King Edward, whose resolute answers enraged
the conquerour so much, as he dashed him (an vnprincely
part) on the mouth with his gauntlet, and Richard the
Crookbacke ranne him into the hart with his dagger.
Speed. Henrie VI. b. xi. c. 16. an. 1471

Contest, ye brave, the honours of the day;
That pleas'd th' admiring stranger may proclaim
In distant regions the Phæacian fame;
None wield the gauntlet with so dire a sway.

Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. viii
Scarce from his fence his head appear'd in view,
When, wing'd with speed, the vengeful arrow flew :
Swift through his better hand it held its course,
Nor could the steely gauntlet stop the force.
Hoole. Jerusalem Delivered, t. il

GAUZE. Fr. Gaze. Du Cange, in v. Gazza tum, says, Linum vel sericum subtilissimum, comSurrey. Virgile. Æneis, b. ii. monly gazze, perhaps because first introduced from Gaza, a city of Palestine.

Bas. Well, we shall see your bearing. Gra. Nay but I barre to night, you shall not gage me By what we doe to night.

Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act ii. sc. 2. They then sate upon the bill in a committee of the whole house, where was added a good clause, that the gager shall always leave with the brewer a note of his gage, so that he may not be further imposed on.

Marvel. Works, vol. i. p. 315.

One judges as the weather dictates; right
The poem is at noon, and wrong at night:
Another judges by a surer gage,
An author's principles or parentage.

Young. Love of Fame, Sat. 3. He [Howard] has visited all Europe, to take the gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt.

Burke. Speech at Bristol previous to the Election, 1780. GAUNT. Skinner;-I believe, q.d. Gewant, from A. S. Gewanian, wanian; and Tooke, gaunt is gewaned, gewand, gewant, g'want, gaunt; the past part. of ge-wanian, to wane, to decrease, to fall away.-(Div. of Purley, ii. 68.)

Waned, fallen away, meagre.

From hencefoorth they [the salmon] are gant and slender, and in appearance so leane that they appeare nought else but skin and bone, and therefore worthili said to be growne Holinshed. Description of Scotland, c. 8.

out of vse and season.

This man,

If all our fire were out, would fetch down new
Out of the hand of Jove; and rivet him
To Caucasus, should hee but frowne; and let
His owne gaunt eagle flie at him, to tire.

B. Jonson. Catiline, Act iii. sc. 1.
More haughty than the rest, the wolfish race
Appear with belly gaunt, and famish'd face;
Never was so deform'd a beast of grace.

Dryden. The Hind and the Panther.

amidst the yells of murder, the tears of affiction, and the Among the gaunt, haggard forms of famine and nakedness, cries of despair, the song, the dance, the minuick scene, the buffoon laughter, went on as regularly as in the gay hours of festive peace.-Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Let. 1.

GAUNTLET. Fr. Gantelet, which Cotgrave calls "an arming glove." The Fr. Gant; It. Guanto, Sp. Guante; Dut. Ger. and Sw. Wante,

Brocados, and damasks, and tabbies, and gases, Are by Robert Ballentine lately brought over, With forty things more.-Swift. An Excellent New Song. In another case, we see a white, smooth, soft worm, turned into a black, hard, crustaceous beetle with ganze wings. Paley. Natural Theology, c. 19. GA/WKY. Gawk, Skinner says, from the A. S. Gaec, geac, gæc, a cuckoo, all from the sound. "Awkward; generally used to signify a tall, aukward person," (Grose.) See Jamieson, in vv. Gowk, a fool, and Gowk, the cuckoo.

While the great gawky admiration,
Parent of stupid imitation,
Intrinsic, proper worth neglects,

And copies errours and defects.-Lloyd. Familiar Epistle. GAY. Fr. Gay; It. Gaio. Minshew GA'YETY. says, perhaps from Gaudeo; SkinGA'YLY. ner, from Dut. Gaden, gayen, plaGA'YNESS. cere, convenire, and this, perhaps, from Gaudere, to rejoice. Menage writes largely, but to little purpose. L'Estrange uses Gays, noun, exactly as our elder writers use gauds, or gew-gaws (qv.); and it is not at all improbable that it may have the same origin; gaw, gay.

GA'YSOME.

(Seo GAUD.) And gay is

Gaudy, fine, showy; ostentatiously fine or showy; (met.) lively, cneerful, merry, jovial.

At none the tother day thei sauh fer in the se

A grete busse and gay, fulle high of saile was he.
Brunne, p. 169.
In manye gay garnemens. that weren gold beten.
Piers Ploukman. Crede.
Bote in gayenesse and in glotenye. for glotten here goodes.
And breaketh nat here bred to the poure. as the book
hoteth.
Id. Vision, p. 186.

And all above ther lay a gay sautrie,
On which he made on nightes melodie,
So swetely, that all the chambre rong.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3213.
He walketh all the night and all the day,
He kembeth his lockes brode, and made him gay.
Id. lb. v. 3374.

Yet coude I neuer be so gaie.-Gower. Con. 4. b. i

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And when I rise, my corpse for to arraye,

take the glasse, sometimes (but not for pride) For God he knows my minde is not so gaye, But for I would in comelynesse abyde.

Gascoigne. Dan Bartholomew of Bathe. This may seeme to some, a guy saying, where as in deed it is both foolish and wicked.

Wilson. The Arte of Logike, fol. 15. In dede this would haue been well brought in there, and many of my bretheren haue, as he saieth, brought in, & myselfe also some where elles in places mo the one, whych 1 nowe boast of because ye shall see that Tindall hath not yet so gayiye aunswered it as to make me ashamed to lay yt forth againe.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 498.

Yet is that glasse so gay, that it can blind
The wisest sight, to thinke gold that is brass.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 1.

For when some of my people asked the name of that country. [Virginia] one of the savages answered, "Wingandacon," which is as much to say, as, You wear good cloaths or gay cloaths.-Ralegh. Hist. of the World, b. i. c. 8. s. 5.

The soule which doth with God unite,
Those gayities how doth she slight

Which o'er opinion sway ?-Habington. Castara, pt. iii. Let not this fear weaken our hands; and if they allay our gaieties and our confidences it is no harm.

Bp. Taylor. Holy Dying, c. 5. s. 15.

Brother of Fear! more gayly clad,
The merrier fool o' th' two, yet quite as mad,
Sire of Repentance! shield of fond Desire.

Crashaw. Steps to the Temple. On Hope.

Let me speake proudly: Tell the constable,
We are but warriors for the working day:
Our gaynesse and our gilt are all besmyrcht
With raynie marching in the painefull field.

Shakespeare. Henry V. Act iv. sc. 3. Oh! ye English ladies, learn rather to wear Roman hearts, than Spanish knacks; rather to help your countrey, than hinder your husbands; to make your Queen rich for your defence, than your husbands poor for your gearish gayness. Aylmer, in Strype's Life of Aylmer, c. 13.

And fier'd with heat of gaysome youth did venter,
With warlike troopes the Norman coast to enter.
Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 633.

Small was his house, and like a little cage, For his owne turne, yet inly neat and cleane, Deckt with greene boughes, and flowers gay-beseene. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 5. Profane men stick not, in the gaiety of their hearts, to say, that a strict piety is good for nothing, but to make the owners of it troublesome to themselves, and useless to the rest of the world.—Atterbury, vol. iii. Ser. 12.

The world is new to us-our spirits are high, our passions are strong; the gaieties of life get hold of us-and it is happy, if we can enjoy them with moderation and innocence. Gilpin, vol. i. Ser. 8.

When you are at work, you are intent on your business, and there is less danger; but in the gaiety of diversion, the mind is open, and too ready to receive impressions from the profane oath, or indecent jest.-Id. vol. iii. Ser. 10.

GAZE, v.
GAZE, n.
GA'ZER, n.
GA'ZEFUL.

GA'ZING, n. GA'ZEMENT. GAZE-HOUND. strong feeling.

Skinner ;- Contentis oculis aspicere, to look with stretched eyes; from the A. S. Ge-sean, to see, to look.

To see, to look, to view; (subaud.) with attention, eagerness, admiration, or other

Gaze-hound,-see the quotations from Holinshed and Pennant.

Thus saiden sade folk in that citee,
When that the peple gased up and doun:
For they were glad, right for the noveltee,
To have a newe lady of hir toun.

For ye which cause thei be more fierce, more bold & hardy then the other Irishme, and thei be very desyrous of newe thinges, & straunge sightes, and gasynges.

Hall. Henry VII. an. 11. What commen place is there, wherein we haue not been openly mocked, so that we were not onely a gazyng-stocke to the worlde, whiche defieth Christe, nor onely to men that are worldly wise, but also to the Deuels themselfes, whiche are with our troubles delighted.-Udal. Corinthians, c. 4. For in those lofty lookes is close implide

Scorn of base things, and sdeigne of foul dishonor: Threat'ning rash eyes which gaze on her so wide, That loosely they ne dare to looke vpon her.

Rodop. O, had I eyes like Dorida's,

I would enchant the day, And make the sun to stand at gaze, Till he forgot his way.

Spenser, son. 5.

Drayton, The Muses' Elysium, Nymph. 1. Alber. But in the breath

Of a wrong'd father I forbid the banes.
Cesar. What, do you stand at gaze?
Beaum. & Fletch. Fair Maid of the Inn, Act v. sc. 1.
Then look, who list thy gazefull eyes to feed
With sight of that is faire, looke on the frame
Of this wide Vniuerse, and therein reed
The endlesse kinds of creatures, which by name
Thou canst not count, much lesse their nature's aime.
Spenser. Hymne of Heauenlie Beautie.
Then forth he brought his snowy Florimele,
Whom Trompart had in keeping there beside,
Couered from people's gazement with a veile.

Id. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 3.

And in her cheekes the vermeil red did shew
Like roses in a bed of lillies shed.

The which ambrosial odours from them threw,
And gazers sense with double pleasure fed,
Able to heale the sicke, and to revive the ded.

Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 3.
So that these immovable beings would be put like ada-
mantine statues, and things unconnected with the rest of
the world, having no commerce with any thing at all but
the Deity; a kind of insignificant metaphysical gazers, or
contemplators.-Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 807.
The fourth hight a gasehound, who hunteth by the eie.
Holinshed. Description of England, c. 7.
So checking his desire, with trembling heart
Gazing he stood, nor would nor could depart;
Fix'd as a pilgrim wilder'd in his way,
Who dares not stir by night, for fear to stray,
But stands with awful eyes to watch the dawn of day.
Dryden. Cymon & Iphigenia.
In vain, you envious streams, so fast you flow,
To hide her from a lover's ardent gaze;
From every touch you more transparent grow,
And all reveal'd the beauteous wanton plays.
Spectator, No. 406. The Laplander to his Rein-deer.
Plac'd on this float by some diviner hand,
As on a stage, for public view we stand.
Illyria's neighbouring shores, her isles around,
And every cliff with gazers shall be crown'd.

Rowe. Lucan, b. iv.

'Twas then I wak'd; and to the deep below
Through thickets creep'd with careful steps and slow;
And gaz'd around if any hut were there,
Or solitary wretch my grief to share ;
But none appear'd.

Wilkie. The Epigoniad, b. iv.
All gemm'd in ornaments of curious mode,
Gay in the van, the false Sultana rode;
Oft to her breast she clasp'd the heav'nly maid,
And wond'ring oft with cruel gaze survey'd.

Brook. Constantia.

The Agasacus, or Gase-hound, chased indifferently the fox, hare, or buck. It would select from the herd the fattest and fairest deer, pursue it by the eye, and if lost for a time, recover it again by its singular distinguishing faculty; should the beast rejoin the herd, this dog would fix unerringly on the same.-Pennant. British Zoology. The Dog. GAZETTE. It. Gazetta; Fr. Gazette; a GAZETTE ER. certain Venetian coin, scarce worth a farthing; also, a bill of news; or a short relation of the general occurrences of the time Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. ii. forged most commonly at Venice, and thence dis

Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale, v. 8879.
Nere him, to gaze, the Troyan youth gan flock
And straue who most might at the captiue scorne.

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But whan ye people came to ye sycamore tree, Zacheus peradueture was a matier of laughter, & good sport to a great maignie, forasmuche as being a welthie riche man, & in the office of customer, he stood aloft in a tree to be a gaze vpon one man & no mo.-Udal. Luke, c. 19.

These two dyd with amiable words asswage the disciples sorow, that thei had conceiued by the departure of their Lord, and called the backe again from their gasing vp, which profited the nothyng, vnto their vocacion, saying: Ye men of Galile, why stand ye here loking vp towardes heauen.

Id. The Actes of the Apostles, c. 1.

persed, every month, into most parts of Christendom," (Cotgrave.) So called because sold for a gazetta. See Menage.

Per. What monstrous and most painefull circumstance Is here, to get some three, or four gazets! Some three pence, i' th' whole, for that 'twill come to. B. Jonson. The Fox, Act ii. sc. 2. Jac. It is too little yet Since you have said the word, I am content; But will not go a gazet less.

Massinger. The Maid of Honour, Act iii. sc. 1. How many times doth God speak to us by his servants the Prophetes, by his Son, by his Apostles, by sermons, by spiritual books, by thousands of homilies, and arts of counsel and insinuation; and we sit as unconcerned as the pillars

of a church, and hear the sermons as the Athenians did a story, or as we read a gazett?-Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 1.

The next gazette mentioned that the King had pardoned him [the Duke of Monmouth] upon his confessing the late plot.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1664.

Fast by, like Niobe (her children gone,)
Sits mother Osborne, stupify'd to stone!
And monumental brass this record bears,
"These are-ah no! these were-the Gazetteers."

Pope. The Dunciad, b. ii.

The court gazette accomplished what the abettors of independence had attempted in vain. When that disingenuous compilation, and strange medley of railing and flattery, was adduced as a proof of the united sentiments of the people of Great Britain, there was a great change throughout all America.-Burke. Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol.

The host looked stedfastly at Adams, and after a minute's silence asked him, "if he was one of the writers of the Gazetteers, for I have heard," says he, "they are writ by parsons." ""Gazetteers!" answered Adams, "What is that?" Fielding. Joseph Andrews, b. ii. c. 17. GE. The Goth. Ga; A. S. Ge, (much used as a prefix to other words,) may be from the Goth. and A. S. Gangan, gan, to go; and as a general term expressing motion (without which we can have no ideas of time or action) have been intended to give force to the words to which it was so prefixed. "I must go and do, go and see," are common phrases; and in the north of England, "I must go see, go dig, go weed," &c. is the vulgar form of speech. Ge (g hard) before the liquids/and r not unfrequently drops the e, and unites in hasty pronunciation with the liquid ge-l, gl, ge-r, gr. (See GLOOM, GRIST.) G is changed into e (hard). and the same union takes place,-ce-l, cl, ce-r, cr. (See CLINCH, Cringe.) This A. S. Ge, was softened into the Old Eng. Y. See the quotation from Verstegan. See Bɛ.

This preposition was of our ancestors very much used, and it is yet exceedingly used in the Low Dutch, where according to their usual manner of pronouncing with aspiration, they use to put an h to it and so make it ghe. We have since altered it from ge to y, which yet we seldome use in prose, but sometimes in poetry for the increasing of syllables, as when we say ywritten, ydoluen, ycleped, ylearned, ybroken, and the like.

Verstegan. Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, c. 7. GE'ALOUS. See JEALOUS.

GEAR, or From the A. S. Gearwe, paratus, Geer. gearwian, præparare, to prepare. Gearish, (see Aylmer in v. Gay,) is garish. And thus may mean

Any thing prepared or provided, (for any purpose;) preparation, apparatus, furniture; means of subsistence or support;-harness or portions of harness. And, as Mr. Tyrwhitt says, "All sorts of instruments, of cookery, of war, of apparel, of chemistry. In her quainte geres,-all sorts of strange fashions;" he refers to instances of all these usages in Chaucer.

Wo was his coke, but if his sauce were
Poinant and sharpe, and redy all his gere.

Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 354.
Whan that Arcite had romed all his fill,
And songen all the roundel lustily,
Into a studie he fell sodenly,
As don these lovers in hir queinte geres.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 1533. Whan he was proudest in his gere And thought nothing might him dere.-Gower. Con. A. b.í. If thys geere shoulde come to Ariouistus hearing, he was well assured he would take most grieuous punishment of all the hostages that were in his handes.

Goldinge. Cæsar, fol. 25.

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The Apostles were not fixed in one place of residence, but were continually moving about the world, or in procinct, ready in their gears to move whither Divine suggestions did call them, or fair occasion did invite them, for the propagation or furtherance of the Gospel.

Barrow. Of the Pope's Supremacy. GE'AZON. Ray says,-Scarce, hard to come by, (Essex.) And in the quotations from Gascoigne, Turbervile, and Spenser, this interpretation applies well enough, but not in that from Warner

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