SWARTA, a town of Sweden, in Sudermanland; 4 miles NE. of Nykioping. SWART-BEGGER, a mountain of Sweden, in Dalecarlia, abounding with iron ore. See IRON, $9.

SWARTEBERG, a town of Sweden, in W. Gothland; 18 miles NW. of Uddevalla.

SWARTH. See SWART. *SWARTHILY.adv. [from swarthy.] Blackly; duskily; tawnily.

* SWARTHINESS. n. s. (from swarthy.] Darknefs of complexion; tawninefs.

* SWARTHY. adj. [See SWART.] Dark of complexion; black; dusky; tawney.

The swartby Africans complain. Roscommon. -In the torrid climates the common colour is black or swarthy. Hale.

Here swartby Charles appears.

Addison.

Their swarthy hosts would darken all our plains. Addison. SWARTOW, a river of Germany, in Holftein, which joins the Trave, 3 miles N. of Lubeck.

SWARTSLUYS, a town and fort of Holland, in the dep. of Yffel, and late prov. of Overyffel, on the Vecht, in a marshy country; defended by five baftions. It is 28 miles W. of Covorden, and 33 N. of Zutphen.

(1.) * SWASH. n. s. [A cant word.] A figure whofe circumference is not round, but oval; and whofe moldings lie not at right angles, but oblique to the axis of the work. Moxon.

(2.) SWASH. n. s. [froin the verb.] Impulse of water flowing with violence. Dia.

*To SWASH. v. n. To make a great clatter or noife: whence savashbuckler. Not in ufe.

We'll have a swashing and a martial outfide. Shak. -Gregory, remember thy swashing blow. Shak. SWASH-BUCKLER. n s. [swash and buckler.] A rain-glorious fword-player; a vapouring fellow. Ash.

* SWASHER. n. s. [from swash.] One who nakes a fhow of valour or force of arms. Obfoete.-I have obferved these three swashers; three uch anticks do not amount to a man. Shak. (1.) SWATARA, or SWETARA, a navigable iver of Pennsylvania, which rifes in Broad Moun. ain, Berks county; thence running S. by W. affes through the Blue Mountain, and receives he LITTLE SWATARA, (N° 2.); thence turning W. by S. receives the Quitapahilla, a navigable iver; and paffing by Humelitown, fails into the USQUEHANNAH below Middletown. A canal vas begun in 1792, and fince finished, which conects this river with the SCHUYLKILL and the TULPEHOCKEN, a distance of near 80 miles. (2.) SWATARA, LITTLE, a fmall river of Pennsylvania, which runs into the SWATARA at onestown.

If it lie thick in the faath, neither air nor fun can pafs freely through it. Mortimer. 2. A continued quantity.-An affection'd afs, that cons state without book, and utters it by great faths Shak. 3. Spedan, to bind, Saxon.] A band; a fillet.An Indian comb, adorned with fine ftraws laid along the fides, and lapped round about it in feveral diftinct fwaths. Grew.-Long pieces of linen they folded about me, till they had wrapped me in above 100 yards of fath. Spectator,

*To SWATHE. v. n. [favedan, Saxon.] To bind as a child with bands and rollers.

He had two fons; the eldeft three years old, I' th' fwathing cloaths the other. Shak. -Their children are never fathed. Abbot.Swath'd in her lap the bold nurse bore him out. Dryden. Mafter's feet are favath'd no longer. Prior. SWATKA, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Chrudim; 8 miles W. of Politzka.

SWATTERAGH, a town of Ireland, in the county of Derry, and province of Ulfter. SWAVESEY, a fmall town of England, in Cambridgethire, SE. of St Ives.

* SWAY. n. f. [from the verb.] 1. The fwing or fweep of a weapon.

To strike with huge two-handed fway.

Dryden.

raís cut down by the mower.—

Graffe, lately in swathes, is meat for an ox.

Tuffer. The ftrawy Greeks, ripe for his edge, Fall down before him, like the mower's seath. Shak

Spenfer.

Heav'n forgive them, that so much have fway'd

Your majesty's good thoughts away from me.

Shak.

Bowls run true by being made

On purpofe falfe, and to be saway'd. Hudibras. -Let not temporal and little advantages savag you against a more durable intereft. Tillotson. 3. To govern; to rule; to overpower; to influ

ence.

The mind I sway by, and the heart I bear. Sh. Had'it thou saway'd as kings fhould do, They never then had sprung. -Aged tyranny says not as it hath power, but as it is fuffered. Shak.

Shak.

Milton.

There let him ftill victor sway. *To SWEAL. See To SWALE. (1.) * To SWEAR. v. n. preter. savore or sware; part. paff. savorn. [sawaran, Gothick, aerian, Saxon; sweeren, Dutch.] 1. To obteft fome fuperior power; to utter an oath.-If a man squear an oath to bind his foul, he shall not break his word. Numbers

Savage Indians swear by Anna's name. Tickel. 2. To declare or promife upon oath.We fhall have old swearing.

I gave my love a ring and made him swear Shak. Never to part with it. Shak. ~When I swear, it is irrevocable. Shak.-Jacob faid, swear to me; and he saare unto him. Gen.He saware he had rather lofe all his father's images than that table. Feacham. 3. To give evidence

upon oath.

Corrupt minds procure knaves as corrupt To swear against you?

Shak.

A. To obteft the great name profanely.-Because of squearing the land mourneth. Jer.

Savear not.

Shak. None fo nearly difpofed to fer fing at religion, as thofe who have accustomed themselves to swear on trifling occafions. Tillotson

*

Teach the neight'ring echoes how to swear. (2.) To SWEAR. V. a. Young. 1. To put to an oatn; to bind by an oath adminiftered.-Mofes had ftraitly sworn the children of Ifrael. Ex. xiii. 19.can fwim like a duck, I'll be savorn. Shak. Let me swear you all to fecrecy. Dryden

SWEARING, part. n. s.

See OATH.

(1.) SWEAT. n. s. [saveat, Saxon; sweet, Dutch.] 1. The matter evacuated at the pores by heat or labour.-Sweat is fait in tafte; for that turneth into blood and flesh; and the sweat is part of the nourishment which is fresh and fweet, fenfible effluvium, exhaling out of the ftone, that part which is excerned. Bacon.-Some ircomes to be checked and condenfed by the air, as it happens to saveat on the fkins of animale. Boyle

Soft on the flow'ry herb I found me laid
In balmy seat.

Milton. A cold seat ftands in drops on ev'ry part. -Saveat is produced by changing the balance beDryden.

tween the fluids and folids, in which health confifts. Arbuthnet. 2. Labour; toil; drudgery.— This paintul labour of abridging was not eafy, but a matter of saveat and watching. 2 Mac. ii. 26.The field

To labour calls us, now with seat impos'd.
Milton.

What from Johnson's oil and sweat did flow, Denham. 3. Evaporation of moisture-Those that are to be kept are not to be thrashed 'till March, that they may have had a thorough sweat in the mow. Mortimer.

SPIRATION, § 2. (2.) SWEAT. See ANATOMY, Index, and PERThe excess of fweat dries and weakens the body, deprives the humours of their watery parts, and induces the blood to an inflammatory and atrabiliary difpofition. A fudden fuppreffion of it will hurt as well as a fuppreffion of perfpiration. In cafes of exceffive fweating, from hard labour, many peopie ruin their health for life, and fometimes even bring on fudden death, by too fuddenly expofing themselves to cold air, taking cold drinks, &c. In all cafes of exceffive perfpiration, the moft fpeedy and effectual antidote against all dangerous confequences is a glass perspiration wear gradually off. All perfons exof spirits, and keeping moderately warm till the pofed by their daily labour to exceffive fweating, hould wear flannel pext their skin.

( 1 ) * To SWEAT. v. n. preterite savet, sweated; particip. paff. sweaten, [from the noun.] 1. To be moift on the body with heat or labour.Why sweat they under burthens?

Shak. -Miftreia

--Miftrefs Page at the door, faveating and blow. ing, and looking wildly. Shak.

With fuch an agony, he sweat exceedingly.
Shak.

-There reigned in the city a diféafe then new; which, of the accidents and manner thereof, they called the sweating fickness. Bacon.—

Sweating beneath a shield's unruly weight.

Couley.

Milton.

2. Ta toil; to labour; to drudge.How the drudging goblin fweat! To please you, he'd have the poets fweat. Waller. 3. To emit moifture.-Wainscots will sweat fo that they run with water. Bacon-In cold even ings there will be a moisture or sweating upon the ftool. Mortimer.

(2.) * To SWEAT. v. a. 1. To emit as fweat.Greafe that's faeaten

From the murderer's gibbet. Shak. For him the rich Arabia faveats her gum. Dryd. 2. To make to fweat.

* SWEATER. n. f. [from fweat.] One who fweats.

(1.) SWEATING. part. n. f. See SWEAT, 2. (a.) SWEATING SICKNESS, a diforder which appeared in England about 1481, and was by foreigners called the English feat. It returned again in 1485; then in 1506; afterwards in 1517. It appeared again in 1528 or 1529, at which time alone it spread itself to the Netherlands and Germany; a circumftance which shows the impropriety of calling it the English faveat, in Latin, fudor Anglicanus: befides, Sennertus takes notice, that it fpread as far as Denmark, Norway, and France. It raged again in 1548. And the laft return of it in London was in 1551, when it was fo violent as in one day to take off 120 of the mhabitants of Westminster. Some were feized abroad and cut off in the road, others at home; fome when awake, others when faft afleep. Some died in a moment, and others in one, two, three, four, or more hours after they began to fweat.

• SWEATY. adj. [from feat.] 1. Covered with fweat; moift with fweat.-The rabblement houted and clap'd their chop'd hands, and threw up their faveaty night-caps. Shak—

A fweaty reaper from his tillage brought Firft-fruits.

2. Confifting of sweat.

Milton.

No noisome whiffs, or sweaty steams. Swift. 3. Laborious; toilfome.

Thofe who labour

The faveaty forge.

SWFDE. n. f. A native of SWEDEN.

Prior.

(1.) SWEDEN, one of the most northerly king doms of Europe, lying between Lat. 55° 20' and 69° 30 N. and between Lon. 12° and 32° E. of London. On the S. it is bounded by the Baltic, on the N. by Danish Lapland, on the E. by Mufcovy, and on the W. by the mountains of Norway being 800 miles in length, and 350 in breadth. STOCKHOLM is the capital.

(2.) SWEDEN, ANCIENT HISTORY OF. The early hiftory of Sweden is no lefs involved in fables than that of most other nations. Alftedius gives a chronological lift of 149 monarchs of Sweden, from MAGOG, the fon of Japhet, and

grandfon of Noah, who, he fays, began to reign in Sweden and Gothland, A. M. 1745, 88 years after the flood, to Q. Christina, in 1633. Others affirm, that ancient SCANDINAVIA was first governed by judges elected for a certain time by the voice of the people. Among thefe temporary princes the country was divided, until A. M. 2054, when Eric 1. was raifed to the fupreme power, with the prerogatives of all the temporary magiftrates united in his perfon for life. From this very early period till 1366 of the Chriftian era, the hiftories of Sweden prefent us with nothing but what is common to all nations in their early periods, viz. the endless combats and maffacres of barbarians, tending to no other purpose than the effufion of blood, and the temporary acquifition of a little territory. At this time, however, Albert of Mecklenburg, having concluded a peace between Sweden and Denmark, which had been at violent war for fome time before, was proclaimed king of Sweden.

(3.) SWEDEN, CLIMATE OF. See § 60. (4.) SWEDEN, HISTORY OF, FROM ALBERT'S ACCESSION TILL THE DEATH OF Q. MARGARET. The peace above mentioned (§ 2.), was of short duration, being broken in 1368; on which Albert entered into an offenfive and defenfive league with the earl of Holftein, the Jutland nobility, the dukes of Slefwick, Mecklenburg, and the Hanfe Towns, against the kings of Denmark and Norway, Albert proved very fuccessful against Waldemar king of Denmark at that time, driving him entirely out of his dominions; but he himself was defeated by the king of Norway, who laid fiege to his capital. Soon after this, a new treaty of peace was concluded, by which Albert was allowed to enjoy the crown of Sweden in peace. However, having formed a defign of rendering himself abfolute, he fell under the displeasure of his fubjects, and Margaret of Norway was proclaimed queen of Sweden by the malecontents. A war immediately enfued, in which Albert was defeated and taken prifoner; but as the princes of Mecklenburg, the earls of Holstein, and the Hanfe Towns, entered into a league in his favour, the war was fo far from being extinguifhed by this event, that it raged with more fury than ever. At length, in 1394, the contending parties came to an accom modation. Albert was fet at liberty, on condition that he should in three years furrender to Margaret all pretenfions to the city of Stockholm; and the Hanfe Towns engaged to pay 60,000 marks of filver in cafe of Albert's breach of faith. Not long after this, Eric the fon of Albert died; and he, having no other child, did not think it worth his while to contend for the kingdom of Sweden: he therefore acquiefced in the pretenfions of Margaret, and paffed the remainder of his days at Mecklenburg. Margaret died in 1412 or 1415. See DENMARK, § 5, 6; and MARGARET, No 4.

(5.) SWEDEN, HISTORY OF, FROM ERIC XIII. TILL THE DEATH OF CHARLES VIII. Margaret was fücceeded by Eric XIII. of Pomerania. This prince's reign was cruel and oppreffive to the laft degree. The people were ruined by taxes; and the Danes being everywhere preferred to the offices of power, committed the greatest cruelties. The confequence of this was a revolt; and

Charles

he could prevail upon him to change his fentiments. The king, however, told Banner, that he must pay 6000 crowns in cafe the prifoner fhould make his escape. Banner generously affented; and having brought the noble prifoner to his fortrefs of Calo in Jutland, foon allowed him all the liberty he could defire, and otherwise heaped favours upon him. All this, however, could not extinguish his remembrance of the cruelties of Chriftian, and the defire he had of being ferviceable to his country. He therefore determined to make his escape. With much difficulty, and under various disguises, he effected his escape, which Banner was no fooner acquainted with, than he fet out after him, and found him at Lubec. He reproached him as ungrateful and treacherous; but he was soon appeased by the arguments urged by Gustavus, and by the promife he made of indemnifying him for the lofs of his ranfom. Upon this Banner returned, giving out that he could not find his prifoner. Chriftian, enraged at his escape, ordered Otho his general to do his utmoft to arreft him. Guftavus applied to the regency for a ship to convey him to Sweden, but the captain fteered a different course, and put him on thore near Calmar; a city hitherto garrifoned by the troops of Chriftina, widow of the regent. When Guftavus arrived, he made himself known to the governor and the principal officers of the garrifon, who were moftly Germans, and his fellowfoldiers in the late adminiftrator's army. He flat. tered himself that his birth, his merit, and his connections, would immediately procure him the command. But they feeing him without troops and without attendants, threatened to kill or betray him, if he did not instantly quit the city. Thus difappointed, Guftavus departed with great expedition; and his arrival being known, he was again forced to have recourfe to difguife to conceal himself from the Danith emiffaries who were in fearch of him. In a waggon loaded with hay, he paffed through every quarter of the Danish army, and at laft repaired to an old family cattle in Sudermania. From hence he wrote to his friends, notifying his return to Sweden, and befeeching them to affemble all their forces to break through the enemy's army into Stockholm, at that time befieged; but they, too, refused to embark in fo hazardous and deperate an attempt. He next applied to the peafants; but they alfo refufed to engage. At length, after feveral vain attempts to throw himself into Stockholm, and difappointed in all his hopes, he determined to apply to the Dalecarlians. Attended by a peafant, to whom he was known, he travelled in difguife through Sudermania, Nericia, and Weftermania, and, after a laborious and painful journey, arrived in the mountains of Dalecarlia. Scarce had be finished his journey, when he found himfelf deferted by his companion and guide, who carried off with him all the money he had provided for his fubfiftence. Thus forlorn, deflitute, half ftarved, he entered among the miners, and wrought like a flave under ground; here he continued until he was discovered accidentally by a gentleman, his acquaintance, in the neighbour hood, who offered him an afylum in his houfe. This he joyfully accepted; but finding it impof

fible to make him take arms in his behalf, he fled to the houfe of one Peterson with whom he had formerly ferved. This last proved a traitor to his friend, and Guftavus would have been delivered to the Danes, had he not received timeous warning from the wife of his hoft. By her advice he took refuge with a clergman, who fhut him up in an apartment adjoining to the church, and counselled him to apply at once to the peasants at an approaching annual feftival. They liftened to him with enthufiafm, and he instantly led them against the governor's caftle; which he took by affault, and put the garrison to the fword. This inconfiderable enterprise was attended with the most happy confequences. Great numbers of the peasants flocked to his standard; fome of the gentry openly efpoused his cause, and others fupplied him with money. Christian was foon acquainted with what had pafled; but defpifing fuch an inconfiderable enemy, he fent only a fender detachment under the command of one Soren Norby, to affift his adherents in Dalecarlia Guftavus advanced with about 5000 men, and defeated a body of Danes commanded by one Meleen; but he was ftrenuously opposed by the archbishop of Upfal, who raised numerous forces for king Chriftian. The fortune of Gustavus, however, ftill prevailed, and the archbishop was defeated with great loss.

(8.) SWEDEN, HISTORY OF, TILL THE ELEC. TION OF GUSTAVUS I. KING. Guftavus then laid fiege to Stockholm; but his force being too inconfiderable for fuch an undertaking, he was forced to abandon it with lofs. This check did not prove in any confiderable degree detrimental to the affairs of Guftavus; the peasants from all parts of the kingdom flocked to his camp, and he was joined by a reinforcement from Lubec. Chriftian, unable to fupprefs the revolt, wreaked his vengeance on the mother and fifters of Guftavus, whom he put to death with the most excruciating torments. Several other Swedish ladies he caused to be thrown into the fea, after having impofed on them the inhuman task of making the facks into which they were to be inclofed. His barbarities ferved only to make his enemies more refolute. Guftavus having affembled the states at Wadftena, he was unanimoufly chofen regent, the diet taking an oath of fidelity to him, and promifing to affift him to the utmoft. Having thus obtained the fanction of legal authority, he pursued his advantages against the Danes. A body of troops appointed to throw fuccours into Stockholm were totally cut in pieces; and the regent fending fome troops into Finland, ftruck the Danes there with fuch terror, that the archbishop of Upfal, together with Slaborg and Baldenacker the Danish governors, fled to Denmark. He then fent exprefs orders to all his governors and officers in Finland and Sweden to maffacre the Swedish gentry without distinction. The Swedes made reprisals by maffacring all the Danes they could find; to that the whole country was filled with bloodshed and flaughter. In the mean time Guftavus had laid fiege to the towns of Calmar, Abo, and Stockholm; but Norby obliged him to raife all of them with lofs. Guftavus, in revenge, laid siege to the capital a third time, and petitioned

the