All Traffic or Accumulation, that violates this principle, is immoral and illicit inasmuch as it invades the rights of a portion of the community, and is subversive of the just equality.

It is the Office of Government to guarantee the full development and the best bestowal of all the faculties of every member of the community.

For this purpose, Education, in its most comprehensive meaning, must be equally provided for all. No one has a right to engross the attention of Society to the exclusion or injury of another.

To deserve freedom, or to enjoy happiness, men must fully appreciate their value. If, through the neglect of Society, one person is uninformed of his real interests, so that he cannot properly perform his duties or fully enjoy his rights, Society is guilty of the murder of that person.

The Public Expenditure ought to be defrayed from the common stock. If all men share alike in the labour and in the harvest, none will be overburthened with taxation.

THE PEOPLE IS THE SOVEREIGN. Government is established for the benefit of the whole community: Public Functionaries, therefore, are the servants of the community, intrusted with the execution of the general will, and responsible to the People, who have a right to know all the operations of their delegates: no public servant can be entitled to claim inviolability or impunity.

The Law is the free expression of the Wil. of the Majority of the community.

No laws are just, which assail those rights of individuals which are guaranteed by the Social Compact: no actions should be prohibited which are not injurious to humanity.

No laws can be just or durable, which contravene the immutable laws of Nature.

Resistance to Oppression is the right and duty of all. If any member of Society is attacked by another, the Public Authority ought to provide redress. If the Public Authority, which is permitted to be the organ of Society, does not fulfil this duty, the Social Compact is dissolved: the Unprotected reassumes the right of self-defence.

Also, every Law that violates the equality of the common Right is an infringement of the Social Compact; and the Assailed is justified in his resistance. If his injury is the same, what matters it to him whether he is attacked by one, or by many?

When the Government betrays its trust, and throws off its allegiance to the SOVEREIGN PEOPLE, Insurrection becomes the most sacred right, the indispensable duty of every member of the community.

The Will of every portion of the community is to be respected: Society is for mutual benefit. All have signified their adhesion to the impartial law; but none for their own sacrifice: It were better, if possible, to separate, than to yoke together the uncongenial to the ruin, or the unhappiness, of one.

Since all are possessed of equal rights, every one is entitled to the free and uncontrolled Expression of Opinion.. None have the right to tolerate or to be intolerant. Thought and speech are free-not by allowance, but by right of natural equality-and unlimited, unless injury can be proved. All proved injuries are punishable.

Public Functions are duties, not rewards or distinctions. These duties are reckoned in the account of every man's labour.

All are equally admissible to public offices. Justice allows no Privileges, save those of Virtue-respect and confidence.

Every adult member of the community, of sound mind, is entitled to a voice in the Election of the Public Servants, whether legislators or executors of the law. None ought to be deprived of this right, but those who are incapaci tated by their proved dishonesty.

And Woman-shall she have no voice, holding an equal interest? If she is married, her interest is identical with her husband's, not merged therein:

but if alone, to whom shall she depute her right? She hath an independent

existence.

Society guarantees the right of every individual, without regard to sex. If a woman has no rights, she owes no duties: Society is a mutual contract. Woman and Man are equal.

Let every Project of Legislation be promulgated throughout the land, to obtain the suffrages of the community. It will not become Law* until it has received this sanction.

Let your Written Laws be few and simple, so that a child may know and understand them: act upon the spirit rather than the letter; and hide not justice beneath a multitude of words.

Let the Punishment of an offender be for a warning to others, but specially for his own amendment. Correct with kindness; temper justice with mercy: treat the guilty one, not as an enemy, but as an erring brother who must be reclaimed to virtue and usefulness.

Justice will arraign Society for the faults of its members.

Let your Courts of Justice be open unto all, free and without charge; so that all may have the means of speedy redress: but, if their complaints be frivolous or unfounded, punish the complainants as disturbers of the social peace.

What need is there of Lawyers, those quibblers, and abettors of iniquity? Let every man defend his own cause: if it be just, a plain statement will bear him out; if it be evil, why should the talents of haply a better man be prostituted to defend the wrong?

Choose ye your Magistrates from among the worthiest: He, who followeth not justice in his private life, is unworthy of public trust.

Spurn from you the mockery, the injustice of a Creed established to the exclusion of others. Can ye make all men to think alike? Ye would bribe them to be hypocrites. Which of you hath assurance that his belief alone is right? Shall man dictate to God what homage he may receive?

Be just at all times: nothing can justify injustice. Virtue succumbs not to circumstance, owns not the authority of Expediency. If ye sow evil, how can ye expect to reap good? How shall the commission of sin advance the cause of virtue?

No War is just, save to repel aggression or to assist the injured.

Those Slaves of Prejudice who assail the imprescriptible rights of humanity -the rights of personal freedom and the unopposed enjoyment of a just share of the world's wealth—are Rebels against the SOVEREIGN PEOPLE, enemies of the human race, and perverters and slanderers of Nature. It is the imperative duty of humanity to prevent the evil consequences of their desperate and pitiable errors.

Every community has a right, from time to time, to discharge the Public Servants, to alter and amend Laws and forms of Government, with or without precedent; to enact new Laws, or to repeal the old; to remodel the Constitution for the common benefit, whenever it shall seem fitting to the general perception of right and utility. One generation has no power to prescribe regulations for another. The Living are their own masters. Man has no right of property in his fellow-man. Nature has proclaimed the injustice, the inexpediency of Slavery. Her voice has gone forth-the Word of God over the old-time Anarchy. There is but one Sovereign by Divine Right; one Proprietor of the Earth; one sacred and inalienable Majesty, absolute and irresponsible--The SOVEREIGN PEOPLE!

+

Petitioning for pity is most weak:

The Sovereign People ought to demand justice.

March 2, 1839.

Robert Southey.

MORALS:-A RULE OF LIFE DRAWN FROM THE ASCERTAINED CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN ACTIONS.

WHAT is required for the securing of our moral, rather than our immoral state? Attention. Attention to the consequences of our actions; attention to the nature of our feelings; attention to the meaning, and the bearing, and the effects of our words. Look to these! Look around ye! Look within! ye need no other rule; ye need no other law. Would ye ascertain which of your rules are just? Put them to this test. Examine where they run; what they hit, and what they miss. Trace them through all their consequences, to all their results. Believe not they are right because they are your rules, but test them by the actions they produce, and these actions again by the simple good or evil of their results.-Frances Wright.

Pale Roamer thro' the Night! thou poor Forlorn!
Remorse that man on his death-bed possess,
Who in the credulous hour of tenderness
Betray'd, then cast thee forth to Want and Scorn.
The world is pityless; the Chaste One's pride,
Mimic of Virtue, scowls on thy distress:
Thy Loves, and they that envied thee, deride:
And vice alone will shelter Wretchedness!
O! I am sad to think, that there should be
Cold-bosom'd lewd ones, who endure to place
Foul offerings on the shrine of Misery.
And force from Famine the caress of Love!
May He shed healing on thy sore disgrace,
He, the great Comforter that rules above!

GOD is good! Our appetites were not given for our destruction. Why do we abuse the good gifts of Nature? why do we thwart the pure instincts which should lead to healthful enjoyment? Because a man swears falsely that he is called by God to superintend the morals of society, does it follow that honest folks should allow his pretensions to interfere between them and their happiness? Because a man tells a lie, does he thereby acquire power to sanctify vice, or to license virtue?-Rose Clifford might not have argued to this conclusion; she might not have thought all this: but she felt it, and acted in accordance with her feelings-she did not call them convictions. Because she was a woman, Society cursed her, and tore her heart out. She was branded with a fouler mark than that of Cain, and unrelentingly scourged to death.