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DIVORCE. but when I was told that the style, which what it ails to be so soon distinguishable, I cannot tell, was known by most men, and that some of the Clergy began to inveigh and exclaim on what I was credibly informed they had not read; I took it then for my proper season, both to show them a name that could easily contemn such an indiscreet kind of censure, and to reinforce the question with a more accurate diligence; that if any of them would be so good as to leave railing, and to let us hear so much of his learning and Christian wisdom, as will be strictly demanded of him in answering this problem, care was had he should not spend his preparation against a nameless pamphlet." Three months after the second edition had appeared with his name, he met with a work, The Kingdom of Christ, written by Martin Bucer to Edward VI., in the second Book of which he found, "not without amazement," many of the same reasons, conclusions, and opinions, which he himself had laboured to establish. From this volume therefore he extracted and published such matter as appeared parallel to his own Treatise, under the title of The Judgment of Martin Bucer touching Divorce; from the Preface to which, addressed to the Parliament, our last citation has been borrowed. In 1645 he followed up this Treatise by a third, entitled, according to the pedantic and fantastic temper of his days, Tetrachordon: Expositions upon the four chief places in Scripture which treat of Marriage or Nullities in Marriage. On Gen. i. 27, 28, compared and explained by Gen. ii. 18, 23, 24; Deut. xxiv. 1, 2; Matt v. 31, 32, with Matt. xix. from 3 to 11; 1 Cor. vii. from 10 to 16. Wherein the Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, as was lately published, is confirmed by explanation of Scripture, by testimony of ancient Fathers, of Civil Law in the Primitive Church, of famousest reformed Divines, and lastly by an intended Act of the Parliament and Church of England in the last year of Edward the Sixth. This, which is by far the most elaborate of his writings on Divorce, was designed, as himself informs us, for them who desired the alleged Scriptures to be discussed more fully, and who asked for more authorities and citations; and it must be confessed, that he has not been wanting in either, but that he has brought forward a profusion of learning conveyed in that peculiar raciness and magnificence of style of which he had such ready command. He directs himself particularly against the common explanation of Gen. ii. 24, which he thus forcibly and poetically describes, "This verse, as our common herd expounds it, is the great knot tier which hath undone by tying and by tangling, millions of guiltless consciences: this is that grisly porter, who having drawn men and wisest men by subtle allurement within the train of an unhappy matrimony, claps the dungeon gate upon them as irrecoverable as the grave. But if we view him well, and hear him with not too hasty and precipitant ears, we shall find no such terror in him." The arguments, as may readily be conceived, are for the most part thin and subtle refinements, little worth but as specimens of ingenuity; they are, as Johnson has well put it, such as a man looks for who seeks to justify his own inclination. The latter part, in which he rests upon precedent and authority is far more valuable; and here, if precedent and authority could avail ought, against a plain dictum of our Saviour, the utility of which is most agreeable to common Reason, and evidenced by hourly experience, he might be said (as Dr

Symmons has expressed himself with less justice, as DIVORC appears to us, on the argumentative part) to make out a strong case. He points out" who among the Fathers have interpreted the words of Christ concerning Divorce, as is here interpreted, and what the Civil law of Christian Empires in the primitive Church determined;" and here he has lavished all the stores, of his copious and recondite reading. Justin Martyr, Tertullian, Origen, and Lactantius; the Councils of Eliberis, Neocæsarea, Nantes, and Agatha; Basil, Epi-phanius, Ambrose, Jerome and Austin; the Emperors Theodosius, and Valentinian, are all militant in his service, more or less actively. Among the reformed Divines he summons as allies, Wickliff, Luther, Melancthon, Erasmus, Bucer, Fagius, the Ecclesiastics of Strasburgh, Peter Martyr, Musculus, Gualter of Zurich, Hemmingius, Hunnius, Bidenbachius, Harbandus, Wigandus, Beza, Aretius, Alciate, Corasius, Wesembachius, and Grotius: names which it must be admitted have not all descended with equal lustre to posterity, but of which, when they are on his side, a controversialist may with justice thus deliver himself, "These authorities without long search I had to produce, all excellent men, some of them such as many ages had brought forth none greater: almost the meanest of them might deserve to obtain credit in a singularity, what might not all of them joined in an opinion so consonant to Reason."

But that which he considered of most weight he reserved for his conclusion. "Only this one authority more, whether in place or out of place, I am not to omit; which if any can think a small one, I must be patient, it is no smaller than the whole assembled authority of England, both Church and State; and in those times which are on record for the purest and sincerest that ever shone yet on the Reformation of this Island, the time of Edward the Sixth. That worthy Prince, having utterly abolished the Canon Law out of his dominions, as his father did before him, appointed by full vote of Parliament a Committee of two and thirty chosen men, Divines and Lawyers, of whom Cranmer the Archbishop, Peter Martyr, and Walter Haddon, (not without the assistance of Sir John Cheke the King's tutor, a man at that time counted the learnedest of Englishmen, and for piety not inferior,) were the chief to frame anew some Ecclesiastical laws that might be instead of what wa abrogated. The work with great diligence finished, and with as great approbation of that refor ing age was received; and had been, doubtless, learned preface thereof testifies, established by Parliament, had not the good King's death ensuing, arrested the further growth of reli from that season to this. Those laws, th are the memorable wisdom and piety of th Parliament and Synod, allow Divorce marriage, not only for adultery or des any capital enmity or plot laid against and likewise for evil and fierce Chapter of that title by n that lesser content obtain Divorce

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DIVORCE. Howell intends to point to Milton's opinion, and for himself he is sufficiently abusive of it; but he by no means bears out the assertion of Mr. Todd, as to its general reception. Johnson has noticed the passage with more correctness, when he says that "Howell mentioned the new doctrine with contempt." The following are his words, "But that opinion of a shallow-brain'd puppy," (Papa! it is Howell who writes, and it is Milton of whom this is written!) "who upon any cause of disaffection, would have men to have a privilege to change their wives or to repudiate them, deserves to be hiss'd at rather than confuted; for nothing can tend more to usher in all confusion and beggary thro' out the world: therefore that Wiseacre deserves of all others to wear a toting horn."

That it was roughly censured, we have in evidence from two Sonnets which Milton wrote after its appearance; nor can this excite surprise. The Presbyterian Clergy were foremost in their opposition to his doctrine. In 1644, an anonymous Answer appeared to the Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce; another, Divorce at Pleasure, (" a jolly slander," as Milton terms it,) probably was called out by the Tetrachordon; and Dr. Featley, in his Epistle Dedicatory to his Dippers Dipt, includes among "the audacious attempts upon Church and State, a Tractate of Divorce, in which the bonds of marriage are let loose to inordinate lust." The Presbyterians summoned Milton before the House of Lords, whence however he was speedily and honour ably dismissed; and Herbert Palmer, B. D., a Member of the Assembly of Divines, and Parliamentary Master of Queen's College, Cambridge, attacked him from the pulpit of St. Margaret's Church on a day of extraordinary humiliation, (August 13, 1644,) in a Sermon which he preached before the two Houses, and published under the fanatical title, The Glasse of God's · Providence towards his Faithful ones. In this, he speaks of those who plead conscience for the lawfulness of "Divorce for other causes than Christ and his Apostles mention; of which a wicked Booke is abroad and uncensured, though deserving to be burnt, whose Author has been so impudent as to set his name to it and dedicate it to yourselves."

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This conduct of the Presbyterians totally alienated Milton from their party, and he took his revenge in a final Tract, which may be cited as a standard vocabu lary of controversial vituperation. Colasterion; A Reply to a nameless Answer against the Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce. Wherein the trivial author of that answer is discovered, the Licenser conferred with, and the opinions which they traduce defended. We shall finish by collecting a few flowers from this pamphlet. The author of the Answer is called an illiterate and arrogant presumer," "a creature," "a pork who never read any philosophy," "one suddenly taken with a lunacy of law and speaking revelation out of The Attorney's Academy only from a lying spirit," "a servitor," "a low-pudderer," "a hoyden,' "a groom," "a mere serving man,' a mere and arrant pettifogger," "an unbuttoned fellow," "a boar in a vineyard," a snout in pickle," 66 a handicraftsman of petty cases," "a hackney of the law," "a serving man at Addlegate," "an odious fool who leaves the noisome stench of his rude slot behind him, maligning that any thing should be spoken or under stood above his own genuine baseness," "a varlet,"

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"a caitiff," "a gourmand swelled into a confuter," DIVORCE. "a barbarian, the shame of all honest attorneys," an unswilled hogshead," "a cock brained solicitor," most incogitant woodcock," "a tradesman of the law, whose best ware is only gibberish," "a presumptuous lozel," "a daw," "a horsefly," "a bawling whippet," "a shin-barker," "a serving man and solicitor compounded into one mongrel," "a brazen ass," "a common adage of ignorance and overweening," "a nuisance." Was ever unhappy pamphleteer, before or since, so "bethumpt with words?"

That Milton was sincere in the opinions which he avowed in his singular Tracts, every one who is at all acquainted with his character will admit with Dr. Symmons. But, we think that there can be equally little doubt that these opinions, instead of being the result of cool deliberation, were founded upon resentment against a wife who had deserted him, and were in all respects arising from and adapted to his own individual case. He argues rather as a man who is seeking to strengthen himself in a recently adopted fancy, than as one who is anxious to impress upon others an ancient conviction. Nevertheless he found followers at the time; and all his Biographers speak of a party called Miltonists, who avowed and maintained his notions concerning Divorce.

We have been insensibly led much farther than we intended to proceed, into a notice of this most interesting controversy, and as we have yet more to say on the existing customs of Divorce, we must content ourselves by referring to the titles only of a few works on the general question. The Divorce of Henry VIII. from Katharine of Arragon, will be found treated by Robert Wakefield in his Koster, seu fragmentum codicis Wakefeldi in quo probatur conjugium cum Fratrid illicitum esse, 1527; by Campian, at the end of Nicolas Harpsfeld's Historia Anglicana Ecclesiastica, 1622; in Grand's Hist. du Divorce, &c. 1688, in An Answer to the two first Books of Bishop Burnet's History of the Reformation; in Nogarola's Disputatio super Reginæ Britannorum Divortio; and in a Hist. du Divorce, &c. attributed to the Abbé Raynal.

On Divorce in general, the following Books may be consulted: Hemmingii Libellus de Conjugio, Repudio et Divortio, 1572; Pyus, Epist. ad J. Howsonum contra norum ejus dogma de Divortis Judæorum, 1603; Selden, Uxor Hebraica, 1646; Beza, de Repudiis et Divortüs, 1651; Bunney, Treatise of Divorce for Adultery and Marrying again, that there is no sufficient warrant so to do; Buxtorf, Dissertatio de Sponsalibus ac Divortis, 1652; Ochinus, Dialogue on Polygamy, and another on Divorce, translated by Francis Osborn, 1657; Madan, Thelypthora, 1780; and the Debates on Divorce in the House of Lords in 1800.

The Mohammedan law respecting Divorces is founded upon four passages in the Corán, (ch. ii. iv. xxxiii. and lxv.) which allow of a separation whenever the parties seek it mutually, (ii. 227, 238, ed. Maracci,) provided a sufficient time have elapsed to prove that the woman is not pregnant. She is also to have her marriage portion, unless she relinquish a part of it as

an inducement to her husband to consent to the Di

vorce, (v. 230.) A wife may be received again after having been twice repudiated; "but if the husband Divorce her a third time, she shall not be lawful for him again, until she marry another husband." (v. 231.) The literal interpretation put upon this law by the

DIVORCE. Judges in Syria, may be seen in the following passage personal observation. The Hidayah, published at Cal- DIVORCE of D'Arvieux's Mémoires; after observing that the cutta in Arabic, Persian, and English, gives the law restitution of the dower and expenses attending the as it is enforced in India; and the Kitábu'l jinágát and suit for a Divorce are so considerable a charge, as Mishcátul masábih furnish a comprehensive view of generally to make the husband repent of his rash de- all the leading traditions relative to this subject. termination, and desirous of being reconciled to his The Hindù law of Divorce gives an almost unrewife, he says, (i. 451,)" Si elle y consent il n'y a plus stricted license to the husband, and places the wife in qu'une petite cérémonie à faire pour que la paix conjugale a state of abject servitude. "Prudent men," say soit ratifiée par le Cadi: la voici, toute bizarre et imperti- more texts than one, "instantly forsake a wife who nente qu'elle est. Le mari plaignant et la femme accusée speaks unkindly," (Digest, book iv. ch. i. v. 66; ii. étant devant le Cadi, il fait venir quelque bon gros garçon, 416, 8vo ed.) Barrenness, or the bearing of daughqu'on a eu la précaution d'instruire ce qu'il a à faire. On ters only, frequenting the houses of strangers, prolui demande s'il connoit cette femme, quoiqu'elle soit voilée, curing abortions, eating in her husband's presence, et qu'il ne l'ait peut-être jamais vue. Il ne manque pas embezzling his property, leprosy, insanity, catamenial de répondre qu'il la connoit pour une femme d'honneur; suppression, any incurable disease, drunkenness, and le juge lui demande s'il la veut épouser, et il répond qu'il contentious, are all, individually, sufficient pleas for le souhaite, et qu'il est prét de la prendre pour femme. On putting away a wife: the "husband, on the contrary, les conduit dans une chambre, et le pauvre mari est obligé must be constantly revered as a God" by his wife, notd'étre présent à une scène qui le couvre de honte et de con- withstanding he is "devoid of good qualities, or enfusion, et qui le fait réellement ce qu'il s'imaginoit d'étre et amoured of another woman," (Digest, iv. ch. i. v. 103, peut-être sans raison. Cette satisfaction achevée, l'honneur vol. ii. 442;) and yet this very code, which is so inde la femme est réparé; le nouveau mari par honnéteté equitable to the weaker sex on these points, inflicts no cède son droit à l'ancien mari, et la femme se trouve en severer punishment than degradation in case of aduldroit de choisir celui qui lui plaít. Elle reprend l'ancien, tery, infanticide, or the murder of a husband, (Ib. elle en fait sa déclaration au Cadi, et elle retourne en sa v. 77;) and "a wife who is superseded by another,' maison, comme si cette scène honteuse ne se fút pas passée." must be maintained by her husband, (Ib. v. 74.) He D'Arvieux adds that his own groom at Seïdá was in- is also prohibited from putting her to death, or mutivolved in this distressing dilemma, and entreated his lating her person, (Ib. v. 80,) except her paramour is master to use his interest with the Cádí, to release him a man of a low class," (Ib. v. 83 ;) and if she be from this condition prescribed by the law; the Cádí "excessively corrupt," her husband may confine her replied, that it was not in his power to do so; and that in her own apartments, allowing her only a ball of rice were it not for the dread of this particular consequence, for her sustenance! (Ib. p. 424.) the judges would be so pestered with squabbles between man and wife, as to have no leisure for any other suits. D'Arvieux is wrong in supposing this onerous condition to have been imposed as a punishment on the husband for having made a rash affidavit: nothing of the kind appears in the Corán.

The act of Divorce must be publicly made before the Cádí, in the presence of witnesses, after a lapse of three months, if the woman be not pregnant; but not till after her delivery, if she be so. Many injunctions are laid upon the husband to treat the wife whom he wishes to Divorce with equity, and even with tenderness; but as her claim (excepting for her dower) is to be regulated by his means, a wide opening is left for fraud and oppression.

Several of the texts, upon which this part of the Mohammedan law is founded, are vague or ambiguous; and are therefore liable to a great diversity of interpretation; especially in the application of the rule to particular cases; the Sunníes, moreover, are as much guided by the Traditions (hadith) as by the Corán; their decisions, therefore, are regulated by a greater variety of texts than those furnished by the written law alone. The Persians also, who are Shiâks, admit of considerable license in the interpretation of doubtful texts; and in the case of a wife resumed after the third Divorce, require her to cohabit forty days with her new husband, before she can by a second Divorce be restored to her former one. (Chardin, ii. 240.)

Those who wish to enter more minutely into the usages of the different Mohammedan sects, will find the doctrine of the Sunníes, and the practice of the Turkish Courts, clearly detailed in the third volume of M. d'Ohsson's Tableau Général de l'Empire Othoman; a work entirely derived from authentic sources and

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The same penance is inflicted on husbands also who
are guilty of adultery; and for the illegal desertion of
a wife"
no atonement is ordained." (Ib. lxi.) "The
supreme law between husband and wife," says Menu,
"is in a few words, Let mutual fidelity continue till
death.'" (Ib. exc.) So that punishment for adul-
terous intercourse may be expected by both parties in
another world, however lenient the laws may be in
this. The Hindu legislation on this subject is all
founded on two principles, the utter worthlessness and
weakness of the female character, (Ib. xxix.) and the
extreme importance of guarding against an illegal
intermixture of the Castes. (Ib. viii. x.) The endless
variety of mixed Castes now found in India, is a
sufficient proof of the inefficiency of these enact-
ments, which seem to look for delinquency only on
one side, and make the other, judge and jury in its
own cause.

The Chinese Code, which has probably derived
many of its provisions respecting Divorce from the
laws of Menu, adds several pleas to those already
stated; such as disregard of the husband's parents,
loquaciousness, and a jealous temper; but repudiation
is barred by three circumstances: 1. the wife's having
mourned three years for her husband's parents; 2.
his family's having become rich subsequently to his
marriage; and 3. her having no parents living who
can receive her back again.

By both of these Codes, Divorce is enjoined in case of adultery, (Ta-tsing leu-lee, by Sir G. Staunton, and Hindu Dig. ib. lxxvii.) and the Chinese law permits a woman, who has been deserted by her husband for three years, to marry another. The Hindù legislators have in such cases prescribed different terms for the women of different Castes, and only half of the ap

DIURIS.

DIVORCE pointed interval when they have borne no children. (Dig. ib. cliii.) As women who have been Divorced, are considered as degraded, it is supposed that no one would receive them as wives; the marriage of such persons therefore is not mentioned by the Hindù Lawyers.

See Maracci's Prodromus ad refutationem Alcorani, Paduæ, 1698; Sale's Koran, 4to, Lond. 1734, Prelim. Disc. sec. 6. p. 133; Sir Paul Ricaut's Present State of the Ottoman Empire, folio, 1670; Mouradgea d'Ohsson's Tabl. Général, Paris, 1820, folio, iii.; Code Civil. liv. ii.;

DIU

Chardin, Voy. en Perse, ed. de Langlès, Paris, 1811, DIVORCE 8vo, ii. 238; Hamilton's Hedaya, 4 vols. 4to, Calcutta, 1791; Hidayah, (Arabic) 2 vols. 4to, Calcutta, 1816; TURNAL. Hidayah, (Persian) 4 vols. 8vo, Calcutta, 1807; Mishcat-ul-masabih, or A Collection of the Traditions, &c. 2 vols. 4to, Calcutta, 1809; Kitábu'l jináyát (the Criminal Code) in Arabic, with a Persian Commentary, 2 vols. 8vo, Calcutta, IS13; Digest of Hindù Law, by Mr. Colebrooke, London, 1801, 3 vols. 8vo; Tatsing-leu-lee, or The Chinese Code of Laws, by Sir G. Staunton, Bart., London, 1810, 4to.

DIURETICK, n." Gr. διουρητικός, from διὰ, and DIURETICK, adj. Tovpov, (for opov, from opw, excito, DIURETICAL. impello,) quod impellitur, vel cum

stimulo quodam expellitur, Urina. Scheidius.

For although inwardly received it may be very diuretick, and expulse the stone in the kidney; yet how it should dissolve or break that in the bladder, will require a further dispute.

Sir Thomas Brown, book ii. ch. v.

But he saith withall, that this medicine is nothing good for the dropsie, notwithstanding that it is diureticall.

Holland. Plinie, vol. ii. fol. 53.

It [candle weed] is said to be diuretic, but this I do not know from experience.

Granger. The Sugar Cane, book iv. (note to v. 613.) And in diureticks a very ingenious anatomist and physician told me, he tried it with good success.

Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 89. The Usefulness of Natural Philosophy, Essay 3. part ii.

My having found them in myself very diuretical and aperitive is not that, which chiefly recommends them to me.

Id. Ib. Essay 5. part ii.

DIURETICS are employed not merely to procure a watery discharge, for this is mostly attainable, but to carry off together with this discharge substances injurious if retained. Cooling Diuretics are the alkalis carbonated, or subcarbonated carbonic acid combined with them in mineral waters, or sometimes in pure water; the neutrals with fixed or volatile alkali, of which the most powerful is carbonated ammonia. Fruits, particularly the senticosa, and potherbs. The sedative are foxglove, tobacco, wild lettuce, broom, the ice plant, the winter cherry, wolf's bane, opium, woody nightshade, rue, and savine. Caution is requisite in the use of most of these. The stimulating are naphtha, nitrous ether, oil of wine, parsley, wild carrot roots and seeds, and others of the umbellata; of the stellata, asparagus, bardana, and seneca ; of the siliquosæ, hedge mustard; of the alliacia, garlic, leek, onion and squill; of the coniferæ, juniper; and of the liliacea, meadow saffron, (colchicum.) Turpentines of various kinds, copaiba, guiacum, gum benjamin, oliganum, styrax, and sometimes mercury.

Gentle walking in the cool air assists the operation of Diuretics; too great warmth directs them to the skin.

Generic

DIURIS, in Botany, a genus of the class Gynandria, order Monandria, natural order Orchidea. character: nectary, a pendulous lip without a spur ; calyx five-leaved, the three uppermost coloured; corolla, petals four, lateral; style reversed.

Three species, natives of New South Wales. denow.

Will

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Bacon. Essaies. Of Vicissitude of Things, 58.

Upon my entrance on this day s defence, I found myself aggrieved at the Diurnal, and another pamphlet of the week, wherein they print whatsover is charged against me, as if it were fully proved, never so much as mentioning what or how I answered. State Trials. Trial of Archbishop Laud.

To that purpose, he brought the man to the king; who had never before taken other notice of him, than for his bringing the Diurnal constantly to be read to his majesty after dinner, or supper, as he received it.

Clarendon. History of the Rebellion, vol. iii. part ii. p. 564.

He was by birth, some authors write,

A Russian, some a Muscovite,

And 'mong the Cossacks had been bred,
Of whom we in diurnals read,
That serve to fill up pages here,

As with their bodies ditches there.

Butler. Hudibras, part î. can. 2.

Nay some are so studiously changeling in that particular, they esteem an opinion as a diurnal, after a day or two scarce worth keeping. Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 35. Life.

Tir'd of earth

And this diurnal scene, she springs aloft
Through fields of air; pursues the flying storm;
Rides on the vollied lightning through the heavens ;
Or, yok'd with whirlwinds and the northern blast,
Sweeps the long tract of day.

Akenside. The Pleasures of Imagination, book i. v. 186.

Į

DIUTU'RNAL, Lat. diuturnus, from diu; i. e. DIUTU'RNITY. from day, sc. to day; for a succession of days, a continuance, a length of time.

The authority wherein we have understood your nobleness to flourish in the British Court, is accounted not onely the reward of your merits, but also the patronage of virtue; certainly an excellent renown and every way so worthy, that the people desire a diuternity to be annexed unto it.

Cabbala, p. 216. The Pope to the Duke of Buckingham, Anno 1623.

DIU- The Pope begins to slack the bridle according to the old rule, TURNAL. that there is no diuternities in violence. Reliquia Wottoniana, p. 669. DIVULGE. We thought it conducing to the common good of both Republics to send George Downing, a person of eminent quality, and long in our knowledge and esteem for his undoubted fidelity, probity, and diligence, in many and various negociations, dignified with the character of our agent, to reside with your lordships, and chiefly to take care of those things by which the peace between us may be preserv'd entire and diuturnal.

Milton. Prose Works, vol. ii. fol. 218. Letters of State.

DIVU'LGE,
DIVULGER,

DIVULGATE,

DIVULGATION. and thus,

Fr. divulguer; It. divolgare; Sp. divulgar; Lat. divulgare, spargere voces in vulgum. Minshew. To scatter words among the vulgar:

To publish; to make publicly or commonly known; to disclose or discover, to make manifest; to declare. The councel of Fraunce, caused a common fame (although it were not trewe) to be diuulged abrode that there was a finall peace and a perfit amitie concluded betwene the French kynge & hys lordes whiche lately were to hym aduersaries.

Hall. Henry IV. The thirteenth Yere.

It were very perillous, to dyuulgate that noble scyence, to commune people, not lerned in lyberall sciences and philosophy.

Sir Thomas Elyot. The Castel of Helth, book iv.

And that was by pacience and sufferaunce, by which the fayth was dyuulgate and spred almost thorowe the worlde in litel while.

Sir Thomas More. Workes. A Dialogue concerning Heresies.

After this deuulgatio yt Rychard sonne to Kyng Edward was yet liuyng, & had in great honour amongest the Flemminges, there began sedicion to springe on eury side.

Hall. Henry VII. The seventh Yere.

Divert thy course to Goshen then again,
And to divulge it constantly be bold,

And their glad eares attractively retain,
With what, at Sinai, Abraham's God hath told.

Drayton. Moses his Birth and Miracles, book i.

It is true that by confessions we find, that false priest Watson, and arch traitor Percy, to have been the first devisers and divulgers of this scandalous report.

State Trials. The Trial of the Conspirators of the Gunpowder Plot.

The excellency and purity of the doctrine in all other points tend wholly to the honour of God, and the common happiness of man, the sanctified life, constant sufferings, and wonderfull miracles of the divulgers of it.

Hammond. Works, vol. ii. part 1. fol. 695. The Lord Falkland's Reply.

And when this the prince's escape was divulgated, much people came vnto him out of euerie quarter, with great ioy thereof. Fox. Martyrs, fol. 306. Prince Edward escapeth out of the Custody of Earl Simon.

BISHOP OF LONDON. There is no such licencious divulging of these books, and none have liberty by authority, to buy them, except such as Dr. Reynolds, who was supposed would confute

them.

State Trials. Hampton Court Conferences respecting the Reformation of the Church.

There is a time when we must preach Christ on the house top, there is a time, when we must speake him in the eare, and (as it were) with our lips shut. Secrecy hath no lesse use then divulgation.

Hall. Contemplations. Lazarus Raised, vol. ii. fol. 821.

But when Vlysses, with fallacious arts,

Had made impression on the people's hearts;
And forg'd a treason in my patron's name,
(I speak of things too far divulg'd by fame)
My kinsman fell.

Dryden. Virgil. Eneid, book ii.

Noble Achilles. Would'st thou learn from me
What cause hath mov'd Apollo to this wrath,
Thou shaft-arm'd king? I shall divulge the cause.
Cowper. Homer. Iliad, boo

Descamps says, that this mystery, as it was then held, was stolen DIVULG from Vaillant by the son of an old man, who scraped the grounds of his plates for nim. This might be one of the means of divulg- DIZZAR ing the new art, (mezzotinto.)

Walpole. Catalogue of Engravers, vol. v. p. 144. Here, then is an opportunity of exposing those secrets, which, perhaps, the confidence of a friend has made known to the treacherous divulger of them, and of gratifying the malice of a coward with safety, and by the infliction of the cruellest injury. Knox. Essays, No. 6.

DIVULSION, see DIVELL.

DIXA, in Zoology, a genus of Dipterous insects belonging to the family Tipulada, established by Meigen.

Generic character. Antennæ setaceous; two basal joints large, the rest thin, pubescent; palpi recurved, cylindrical, formed of four joints, the first of which is very short; ocelli or smooth eyes none.

Meigen describes four species, all of which are new, and found in Europe. He named them D. scrotina, D. aestivalis, D. aprilina, and D. maculata. See Meigen, European Diptera.

DIZEN, to dize; to put tow on a distaff, dress it. Dizen, to dress. Hence, bedizen'd out; over, awkwardly or improperly dressed. See Grose, and Ray. THOM. Come quickly, quickly, paint me handsomely, Take heed my nose be not ingrain too; Come Doll, Doll, disen mic. Beaumont and Fletcher.

Monsieur Thomas, act iv. sc. 6.
Do you hear, master?

I put my clothes off, and I dizen'd him.

Id. The Pilgrim, act iv. sc. 3.

The bashful Muse will never bear
In such a scene to interfere,
Corinna in the morning dizen'd.

Swift. A beautiful Nymph going to Bed.
His gallants are all faultless, his wonen divine
And Comedy wonders at being so fine;
Like a Tragedy queen he has dizen'd her out,
Or rather like Tragedy giving a rout.

DI'ZZARD, Dizzy, DIZZINESS,

Goldsmith.

Retaliation.

Sherwood says, to dizze, estourdir; and Cotgrave, estourdir, to astonish, dizze, amaze. Somner has, "DysigDizzy-EYED. an, ineptire, to be foolish. Dysignesse, dysinesse; stultitia, foolishness. Hence, happily, our dizzinesse; which proceeds from the weaknesse of the braine." The progress was probably quite the reverse. See DAZE.

Rather to me for to be thoughte
a doulte, and dizzard vyle,
If that my follye might please me,
or seeme good for a whyle:
Then to be wyse, and vexed ay.

Drant. Horace. Epistle to Julius
well maye be geue to fooles and dizzardes as to
But who is that I praye you that will maruell at th
Hall. Henry VII. T

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