DINE. Who, without their dinner-doctrine, know that neither king, law, civil oaths, or religion, was ever establish'd without the parliament; and their power is the same to abrogate as to estaElish: neither is any thing to be thought establish'd, which that house declares to be abolish'd. Milton. An Answer to Eikon Basilikè. In dinner-time he twice chang'd his crown, his waiters thrice their apparel; to whom the Emperor in like manner gives both bread and drink with his own hands; which they say is done to the intent that he may perfectly know his own houshold. Id. Prose Works, vol. ii. fol. 143. A brief History of Muscovia. Whilst sickening flowers drink up the silver dew, Garth. The Dispensary, can. 2. These I found were all of them politicians, who used to sun themselves in that place every day about dinner-time. Tatler, No. 155. Accidental visitors, also, who behold the superb dining-halls, painted chapels, the luxurious common-rooms, the elegant chambers, and a race of mortals, in a peculiar dress, strutting through the streets with a solemn air of importance, cannot but be struck with the appearance. Knox. Works, vol. i. p. 376. No. 77. Trophies of the instruments of music, or of agriculture, imitated in painting or in stucco, make a common and an agreeable ornament of our halls and dining-rooms. Smith. Moral Sentiments, part ii. sec. 2. Of Propriety. He [Vandyck] was indefatigable, and keeping a great table, often detained the persons who sat to him, to dinner, for an opportunity of studying their countenances, and of retouching their pictures again in the afternoon. Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. ii. p. 165. In the forenoon several of their boats went out a fishing, and at dinner-time every one repaired to his respective dwelling, from which, after a certain time, he returned. Cook. Voyages, vol. i. ch. ii. book ii. The explanation given above by Fuller of the phrase Dining with Duke Humphrey, is contradicted by numerous authorities, which may be found in a Note by Steevens, on Richard III. iv. 4; in Brande's Pop. Ant. ii. 676; and in Archdeacon Nares's Glos. ad voc. Duke; from which sources we borrow the following particulars. Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, though really buried at St. Alban's, was supposed to have a monument in old St. Paul's, from which one part of the Church was termed Duke Humphrey's Walk. In this, as the Church was then a place of the most public resort, they who had no means of procuring a Dinner, frequently loitered about, probably in hopes of meeting with an invitation, but under pretence of looking at the monuments. The Greeks appear to have made a light breakfast called ȧkpárioμa, a word which has been thought to imply that their food consisted of bread sopped in undiluted wine, or ȧpiorov, which has been variously derived either from ἦρι, the morning, or αὄριστον, as not having any precise hour fixed for it; the devov, a repast at noon, μer' o de Toveiv, the time of labour; and the δόρπον, ἀπὸ τὸ δόρυ παύειν, the time of rest, which was the substantial meal of the day. The deiπvov was not eaten by those who lived temperately; and although it has been customary to call this meal Dinner, and the deîπvov supper, the latter might properly be termed Dinner, and the former Nooning. The Roman meals were Prandium, παρ ̓ ἔνδιον, Nooning, or rather our Breakfast; a frugal repast, which Horace eat only to stay his stomach till evening, (Sat. i. 6, 127,) but which in the later times of Imperial gluttony became of more importance; and Cana, KOV, because taken in company, the usual time for which was the ninth hour, or three o'clock. Between the Prandium and Cana, some took a Merenda, given by their masters to their hired servants (qui are merebant) before dismissal from work. The Cana of the Romans, therefore, answered to the modern Dinner. DINEMURUS, in Zoology, a genus of Worms, established by Rafinesque. Generic character. Body cylindrical, composed of ten rings, which are twice as long as broad; head blunt; tail with two lateral threads. Living in the fresh water near Sicily. Blainville, from the description of Rafinesque, is very much inclined to doubt this animal being a kind of Worm, as described by the latter, but rather thinks it is the Larva of an insect. DINETICAL, Gr. dwv-eîv, to whirl around. Besides the revolution it maketh with its orbs, it hath also a dinetical motion, and rowls upon its own poles. Sir Thomas Brown, book vi. ch. v. A spherical figure is most commodious for dinetical motion or revolution upon its own axis. Ray. On the Creation, part ii. p. 223. DINETUS, in Zoology, a genus of Hymenopterous Insects belonging to the stinging division, established by Jurine in his New Method of Hymenopterous Insects. Generic character. Radial cell, one, large, appendiced; cubital cells, two, the first receiving the first recurrent rib, and the second very far distant from the end of the ring, small, receiving the second rib; jaws threetoothed internally, externally spurred; antennæ revolute, filiform, and formed of twelve joints in the females, in the males moniliform at the base, and filiform at the end, and composed of thirteen rings. This genus is separated from the Pomphili of Fabricius, and ranged by Latreille with the Diggers, the tribe of Larrates. These insects have the same external appearance and jaws of the Larræ, but their little eyes are equal, and form together an equilateral triangle. Only one species has been described. D. pictus, Jurine, pl. 11; Pompilus pictus, Fabricius ; Panzer, Faun. Ger. xvii. pl. 19, ♂, lxxii. pl. 10, 9. The females differ from the males by the end of their antennæ being yellow. The females dig a hole in the sand, in which they lay their eggs, and place with them the larvæ of small Diptera, which serve for the food of the young. It is common in Europe. DING, v. in A. S. dencgan, is tundere, to knock, to ding. Somner. Ray says, Ding in Essex is, to sling; in the North, to beat. Mr. Grose adds, in Norfolk, to throw in general. Tooke interprets the A. S. dyngan; dejicere, to cast down ;—and asserts, That dung or dong, means dejectum, (cast down,) and in that meaning only is applied to stercus. Lye, Somner, and Benson, explain Dungan, merely stercorare. The ding-dong of bells, Fr. dindan, seems formed from the sound. DINE. - DING. "Tis sack makes us sing, F. Beaumont. In the Praise of Sack. Beaumont and Fletcher. Philaster, act v. sc. 1. The ding-thrift heir his shift-got summe misspent, Hall, Satire 5. book v. Here Homenas burst into a flood of tears, which falling down helter-skelter, ding-dong without any kind of intermission for six minutes and almost twenty-five seconds, had a marvellous effect upon his discourse. Sterne. Works, vol. iv. p. 352. The Fragment, ch. ii. DINGLE, generally considered to be a diminutive of the A. S. den or din, a vale, or dale, But if Tooke be correct in his explanation of dyng-an, viz. dejicere, to cast down, that word presents a more satisfactory Etymology; q. d. locus dejectus, depressus. It may likewise be the parent of Den or Din itself. In dingles deep, and mountains hoar, Oft with the bearded spear They combated the tusky boar, And slew the angry bear. Drayton. The Muses' Elysium. Nymphal 2. Coм. I know each lane, and every alley green, Dunniath steorran, DI'NGY, DI'NGINESS. stella. The A. S. dunnian; obscurare, is probably the parent of dun, (a dun colour,) and also of Dingy. Dingy and Dinginess are common in speech, but not in writing. DINT, v. Tooke says, the past participle of dynDINT, n. San, strepere, to din; as if first applied to the noise of blows, to the blow itself, and then to the mark or impression made. See DENT, and DUN. As commonly applied, to dint, is To make a hollow mark or impression either by a blow or pressure. By dint of argument; by pressure, by strength, by force of argument. þo stronge dyntes, þat heo smyten, grisliche yt was to se. pe Cristen turned for drede withouten aynt of launce. R. Brunne, p. 125. For no dint shal hým dere. The blinded boy, that bends the bow The stoutest state to stoupe, and know Uncertaine Auctors. The Louer wounded by Cupid, &c. Missing the mark of his misaymed sight, Did fall to ground, and with his heauy sway So deepely dinted in the driuen clay, That three yards deepe a furrow vp did throw. Spenser. Faerie Queene, book i. can. 8. No wound, which warlike hand of enemy Inflicts with dint of sword, so sore doth light, As doth the poysnous sting which infamy Infixeth in the name of noble wight. Id. Ib. book vi. can. 6. Loud rumour has proclaim'd a nymph divine, Whose matchless form, to counterbalance mine, By dint of beauty shall extort your grace. Lansdowne. Beauty and Law. Push'd at his foe the mighty mass he flung; Thund'ring it fell; the Theban helmet rung. Deep with the brain the dinted steel it mix'd, And lifeless, on the ground the warrior fix'd. Wilkie. The Epigoniad, book viii. A grateful off'ring here to rural peace, Glover. Leonidas, book ii. In the second case the man who should assert, that Abraham or any other of the patriarchs, was alone able to make these discoveries by dint of reason, and philosophical reflection, would not deserve a serious answer. Bolingbroke. Works, vol. vi. p. 257. On Monethism. DIOCESE, DIOCESAN, adj. DIOCESAN, n. Fr. diocese; It. diocesi, diocese, Sp. diocesis; Lat. diœcesis; Gr. διοίκησις, from διοικείν, to dwell apart, (is, and oik-ev, to dwell.) A part or portion of an inhabited country; a district or division of it. More especially applied to the division of an Archbishop's province under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of each Bishop. In danger hadde he at his owne gise The yonge girles of the diocise And knew hir conseil, and was of hir rede. Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 666. Where dwelled he & your frende? Euery where and no where quod I, for he walked about as an apostle of the Deuill from shire to shire, & towne to towne, thorowe the realme & had in euery diocyse a dyuerse name. Sir Thomas More. Workes, fol. 231. A Dialogue concerning Heresies. Thei shulde spare the possessions aud goodis of their subjects and diocesans that ye peple might haue to set forth their chyldren to scole and to learne them honeste and vtyle occupacions. Joye. Exposicion of Daniel. ch. xi. Upon the first examination taken by the lord-deputy himself he acknowledged he was a priest, and ordained by a popish titulary bishop; that he had accepted the title and office of the Pope's Vicar-general, in the three dioceses before named, and had exercised spiritual jurisdiction in foro conscientiæ. State Trials. The Case of Præmunire in Ireland. At this day they haue no authority, either by diocesan or provincial synods, to set any fees but in their convocation by assent and confirmation of his majesty, under the great seal. Spelman. De Sepulturâ, fol. 189. least in the diocese. Strype. Life of Whitgift, Anno 1567. O Lord, Almighty God, we beseech thee to grant to thy servant Edmond our Bishop, that by preaching and doing those things which be Godly, he may both instruct the minds of the diocesans with the true faith and example of good works, and finally receive of the most inerciful pastor the reward of eternal life. Id. Life of Grindal, Anno 1559. The great dangers to which you have been so lately exposed, and which you have so providentially escaped, are of too important a nature, for me, who stand to you in the near relation of diocesan, to pass over in total silence. Porteus. Tracts, p. 142. Letter to the Inhabitants of Manchester. Cicero (ad Div. xiii. 67) speaks of three Asiatic DIOCESES appended to his Cilician Province, and Strabo (xiii. 432, Ed. Casaub. 1587) complains that great confusion must arise from the distribution of Asia into Dioceses rather than nations. So that, in the time of the Republic and of Tiberius, Dioceses were districts, several of which were included in each Pro vince. In the Civil Government as arranged by Constantine and his successors, the Empire was divided into four great Dioceses, Italy, Illyria, the East, and Africa, and afterwards into thirteen. The East governed by a Count; Egypt by an Augustal Præfect; Asiana, Pontica, Thrace, Macedonia, Dacia, Pannonia, Italy, Africa, Gaul, Spain, and Britain; these comprehended 120 Provinces, and were governed by twelve Vicars or Sub-Præfects; Rome and its neighbourhood had one of these officers to itself, exclusive of that appropriated to Italy at large, (Notitia Imper.) About the latter end of the IVth century the Church learnedly and copiously examined in the IXth Book of Fabricius. Generic character. Antennæ twice as long as the head, very close together at the base, inserted on the frontal tubercle, the third and last joint nearly cylindrical, and furnished with a small blunt style of two joints and destitute of bristles. The Dioctriæ resemble the Asila in several points, especially in the tarsi ending in two hooks and two suckers; but the latter differ from them in the absence of the style, and in the form of the bristle of the antennæ. This genus comprehends a great number of species. Meigen describes twenty-eight species, found in Europe. D. Elandica, Latreille. Black, smooth, legs and DIODIA, in Botany, a genus of the class Tetrandria, Eight species, natives of North America and the DIODON, Lin.; from the Greek dis, twice, and Generic character. Jaws projecting, naked, or covered with a structure resembling ivory, divided within into plates, and together resembling the beak of a Parroquet, having one piece above, and one below in the jaws; the skin covered with large sharp spines, movable, numerous, and scattered over the whole surface of the body. These fish, of which Lacepede enumerates five species, are native of the seas of hot climates, living upon the Crustacea and sea-weed. Like the other fish of the same family, they have the power of inflating the belly, which then gives them the appearance of a chestnut in its bristly shell, hence the French call them Orbes Epineux. See Lacepede, Histoire des Poissons. DIOMEDEA, Lin.; Albatros, Edwards. In Zoology, a genus of animals belonging to the family Longipernes, order Palmipedes, class Aves. Generic character. Beak large, strong, and bending in the middle; the upper mandible hooked down; nostrils opening forward, short, and covered with a large convex guard; no thumb to the foot; tongue very small. The birds composing this genus are the largest of all the water birds; they inhabit all the South and North Seas, and live upon the spawn of fish and Mollusca. D. Erulans, Lin.; Wandering Albatros, Pen. Is larger than a Swan, being about three or four feet in length; its bill of a dirty yellow; crown of the head pale cinereous brown; body white, crossed on the back and wings with blackish lines and spots towards the tail, which is lead colour; greater quills black; legs flesh colour. This bird is known amongst the English sailors by the name of Frigate Bird, and by the French as the Mouton du Cap, on account of its white body and black wings. It makes its nest on high ground and lays many eggs, which are considered good eating. The cry is said to resemble that of a Goose. The Albatros is very common without the Tropics, and is found not only towards the South Pole, but even as high as Kamtschatka and Behring's Straits, northward; it is also found about the Cape of Good Hope. DIOC- DIOME DEA DIOMEDEA. DIORISM. Dr. Latham mentions three other species, viz. the Chocolate, Yellow-nosed, and Sooty Albatros, but there is doubt whether they be not varieties of the D. Exulans. See Linnæi Systema Naturæ ; Cuvier, Règne Animal, Latham's General History of Birds. DIONEA, in Botany, a genus of the class Decandria, order Monogynia. Generic character: calyx five-parted; corolla, petals five; stigma fringed, spreading; capsule roundish, membranaceous, onecelled, many-seeded. One species, D. muscipula, the Venus's fly-trap; this very interesting plant is a native of North Carolina, the leaves terminate in a pair of toothed lobes, which possess great irritability, if an insect touches this part of the leaf the teeth immediately close upon it: the plant is cultivated with difficulty, requiring a high temperature and moist atmosphere. DIOPSIS, in Zoology, a genus of Dipterous Insects, placed by Latreille in the family of Muscida. Generic character. Antennæ palette-shaped, each inserted on a prolongation of the side of the head into the form of a horn; the eyes situated at the end of these horns; trunk membranaceous, two-lipped, retractile. This curious genus, which was first noticed by Fabricius, only contains one well determined species. D. Ichneumonea, Fab. It was figured and described by Dahal in a Dissertation under the title of Bigas Insectorum, Upsal, 1775, and was afterwards figured by Frixoly, Donovan, and Fischer. It is found on the coast of Guinea. DIOPTRICK, adj. To eat things sacrificed to idols, is one mode of idolatry; but DIORISM. by a prophetical diorism, it signifies idolatry in general. More. Exposition of Seven Churches, p. 72. Ye are not so pure and clean as ye ought to be, and free from the lusts of the flesh; which vice is here noted by Nicholaitism dioristically, as idolatry in general before by eating things sacrificed to idols. Id. Ib. p. 72. DIOSCOREA, in Botany, a genus of the class Dioecia, order Pentandria, natural order Asparagi. Generic character: male flower, calyx six-parted; corolla none: female flower as the male; styles three; capsule three-celled, triangular, compressed, cells two-seeded, seeds membranaceously margined. Twenty-seven species, natives of Tropical climates; the most remarkable is D. sativa, the Yam, very generally cultivated in hot countries as food; it is larger but somewhat similar to the Potato in flavour. DIOSMA, in Botany, a genus of the class Pentandria, order Monogynia, natural order Diosmeæ. Generic character: calyx five-parted, permanent; corolla, petals five; nectaries five, placed on the germen; capsules three or five, coalescing; seeds hooded. A genus of more than thirty species, mostly natives of the South of Africa; they are elegant shrubs, much cultivated in collections of green-house plants. DIOSPYROS, in Botany, a genus of the class Dioecia, order Octandria, natural order Ebenacea. Generic character: male flower, calyx four or six-cleft; corolla pitcher-shaped, four or six-cleft; stamens eight to sixteen: female flowers as the male; style four-cleft, berry eight to twelve-seeded. Indies. The demonstration whereof the great wit, Renatus des Cartes, hath excellently set down in his book of Dioptricks, by the example of a ball strucken by a racket against the earth, or any resisting body. Digby. On Bodies, ch. xiii. If man were out of the world who were then left to view the face of heaven.. to view the asperities of the moon through a dioptrick-glass, and venture at the proportion of her hills by their shadows. More. Antidote agains! Atheism, book ii. ch. xii. And it is evident to those that are acquainted with dioptricks, that without some knowledge, not only of the properties of convex bodies, and of the laws of refraction from and towards the perpendicular, (as the masters of opticks speak) but also of the proportion of lines, as circular, parabolical, hyperbolical, &c. and figures, as elipses, circles, parabolas, hyperbolas, &c. it is almost impossible, either well to explicate most of the phæno. mena of that noblest of our senses, sight itself, or to make a well grounded judgment of others explications of them. Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 430. The Usefulness of Mathematics to Natural Philosophy. Whereas our grinders of dioptrical glasses have hitherto believed, that they must make use of Venice glass, which is very dear, and oftentimes very scarce to be come by, some virtuosi, considering that the great clearness of an object-glass is rather an inconvenience, than a very desireable qualification, have newly taught some of the artificers to employ that coarser and cheaper sort of glass, they call green glass. Id. Ib. vol. iii. p. 451. That the goods of Mankind may be much increased by the Naturalist's insight into Trades. DIO'RISM, Gr. διόρισμα, from διορίζειν, to DIO'RISTICALLY. distinguish, to define; (ĉià, and opie, to bound, to limit.) A distinction, a definition. Twenty-nine species, mostly natives of the East D. ebenum has usually been considered to be the tree which produces the wood called Black Ebony. Loureiro, in his Flora Cochin-Chinensis, describes another tree as the true Ebony, by the name of Ebenoxylum verum; it is probable, however, that several plants produce a black wood known in commerce as Ebony, it being imported not only from the East Indies, but also from the coast of Africa. DIOTIS, in Botany, a genus of the class Monoecia, order Tetrandria. Generic character: male flower, calyx four-leaved, corolla none; female flower, calyx one-leaved, two-horned; style two-parted; seed one, hairy, covered by the two-horned calyx. Two species, D. lanata, native of North America, and D. ceratoides, native of Arabia. Nuttall. DIP, v. DIP, n. DIPPER, DIPPING, DIPPING-NEedle. A. S. dippan, mergere, immergere, to dip, to dive. Dutch, dippen, doppen; Sw. dopa. To sink, to immerge, to put under water or other liquid, to depress; to sink below the surface, to enter or go superficially or slightly into any thing. Consequentially, to wet, to damp. And he criede and seide, Fadir Abraham, haue mersy on me, and sende Lazarus that he dippe the ende of his finger in water, to kele my tunge: for I am tormented in this flawme. Wiclif. Luk, ch. xvi. And he cryed and sayd, Father Abraham, have mercye on me, and sende Lazarus that he may dyppe the typpe of his finger in water, and cole my tonge; for I am tormented in this flame. Bible, 1551. Ib. For not to haue been dipt in Lethe lake Spenser. The Ruines of Time. DIP. Taylor. Polemical Discourses, fol. 672. Of Habitual Sins, &c. ch. v. sec. 4. I haue not yet been so happy to procure a tolerable good dip ping-needle, or other proper one to my mind, to bring the thing to sufficient test of experience. Derham. Physico-Theology, book v. ch. i. (21) note. There was a damn'd design, crys one, no doubt; I met Brutidius in a mortal fright: He's dipt for certain, and plays least in sight. Dryden. Juvenal. Satyre 10. Nor tell me in a dying Father's tone, Id. Persius. Satire 6.1. 160. So wat'ry fowl, that seek their fishy food, Pope. Homer. Odyssey, book v. And then they seek for expiations of those visions nocturnal; charms, sulfurations, dippings in the sea, sittings all day on the ground. Bentley. Remarks, p. 211. With his precious charge Glover. The Atheniad, book viii. DIPHACA, in Botany, a genus of the class Diadelphia, order Decandria. Generic character: calyx fivecleft, gibbous; corolla pea-flowered, keel threeangled, wings ovate, shorter than the keel; germens two; style longer than the stamens; two pods to each flower; seeds ovate, compressed. One species, D. Cochin-Chinensis, a shrub, native of Cochin-China. This genus is remakable on account of each flower bearing two pods. Loureiro. DIPHTHONG, Fr. diphthongue; It. dittongo; Sp. dipthongo; Gr. δίφθονγος, (δις, and φθεγγέσθαι, το utter a sound.) B. Jonson explains the word; see the Quotation from him. Dipthongs are the complexions, or couplings of vowells, when the two letters send forth a joynt sound, so as in one syllable both sounds be heard. Ben Jonson. The English Grammar, ch. v. And those few that did pretend to some insight into it read it after a strange corrupt manner, pronouncing the vowels and dip thongs, and several of the consonants, very much amiss: confounding the sound of the vowels and dipthongs so, that there was little or no difference between them. Strype. Life of Sir John Cheke, ch. i. sec. 2. Mr. Sheridan has shown, in his Lectures, that we abound more in vowel and diphthong sounds, than most languages; and those too, so divided into long and short, as to afford a proper diversity in the quantity of our syllables. Blair. Lecture 9. vol. i. p. 225. DIPHYES, in Zoology, a genus of Zoophytes or Radiating Animals, established by Cuvier, in the Animal Kingdom. This very curious genus at present only contains one species, which was discovered by Bory St. Vincent, and described and figured in his Voyage to the Principal Islands in the African Seas, under the name of Biphora bipartita, t. 6. They float on the surface of the Sea in the Equatorial regions, united together in pairs. DIPHYLLEIA, in Botany, a genus of the class Hexandria, order Monogynia, natural order Berberides. Generic character: calyx three-leaved, deciduous; corolla, petals six, opposite the calyx; anthers growing to the filaments; cells opening from the base to the summit by vertical elastic valves; berry onecelled, seeds two or three. One species, D. cymosa, native of North Carolina. DIPHYLLIDIA, in Zoology, a genus of Naked Gasteropodous Mollusca, established by Cuvier, in the Animal Kingdom. Generic character. Gills somewhat like that of Phyllidia; but the mantle is more pointed in front, the head semicircular, with a pointed tentacula, and small tubercle on each side; anus placed on the right side. Only one species is described, and the generic description which is above given being all that is known. of the animal, it may be considered, as Blainville has very justly remarked, a doubtful genus, and therefore requiring further illustration. DIPHYSA, in Botany, a genus of the class Diadelphia, order Decandria. Generic character: calyx five-cleft, unequal; pod one-celled, many-seeded, compressed. One species, D. Carthagenensis, a small tree, native of South America. Persoon.. DIPLACRUM, in Botany, a genus of the class Monoecia, order Triandria, natural order Cyperaceæ. Generic character: male flowers, lateral, scales scariose female flower, intermediate, calyx two-valved, nervose, equal, persisting; one style; stigmas three. A genus allied to Carex; one species, D. caricinum, native of New South Wales. DIPLANTHERA, in Botany, a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Monogynia, natural order Solanea. Generic character: calyx three-cleft, one segment entire, the others two-cleft; corolla two-lipped, superior lip obcordate inferior, lip three-parted; stamen inserted into the corolla; capsule two-celled, many seeded; stigma two-cleft. One species, D. tetraphylla, a tree, native of New South Wales. DIPLASIA, in Botany, a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Monogynia. Generic character: spike imbricated on all sides with scales; partial involucre resembling a four-valved glume. One species, D. karatafolia, native of Guiana. Per soon. DIPLAZIUM, in Botany, a genus of the class Cryptogamia, natural order Filices. Generic character: |