But I shall now proceed from these arguments, to such considerations, as will be more strong to keep off the encroaches of presumption, than these can be to invite them. Id. Ib. vol. ix. p. 222. The bold encroachers on the deep Gain by degrees huge tracts of land. Till Neptune, with one general sweep, Turns all again to barren strand.

Swift. The Run upon the Bankers, 1720. And so, this main concernment of ours (thanksgiving) this most excellent part of our duty, if we do not depute some vacant seasons for it, and observe some periodical resources thereof, we shall be tempted often to omit it; we shall be listless to doe it, apt to defer it, and easily diverted from it by the encroachments of other less-behoving Barrow. Sermon 19. vol. i.

affairs.

Nor are there ever wanting numbers of artful men who stimulate a weak or wicked prince in his encroachments; sensible as they are, that their own power and priviledges will be augmented with those of the prince, whose exclusive favour they have gained, by sycophantick arts and by cooperation in the fallacious service of enlarging his prerogative. Knor. Works, vol. v. p. 149. The Spirit of Despotism.

ENCRUST, en, and crust, q. v.

To cover with, or draw over, any hard surface, coat

Thys withouten encumbre with suerd in his hand
He slouh withouten nnmbre, bifor him mot non stand.
R. Brunne, p. 189.
& oper withouten numbir, per names I may not telle,
All pei gede tille encumbir, & er went to helle.
Id. p. 317.
pe Scottis said, "allas! þis a grete encumbering."
Id. p. 117.
In to be se of Spaýn wer dryuen in a torment
Among pe Sarazins, bot God, pat grace pam lent,
Saued pam alle po týmes fro per encumberment.

Id. p. 148.
Piers Plouhman. Vision, p. 26.

Encombre nevere by consience.

His beauty greatly was to prise
But of his robe to deuise

I drede encombred for to be.
Chaucer. The Romant of the Rose, fol. 120.
Much more there was, wherof she shuld complain,
But she thougt it to great encombraūce
So much to write.

Id. The Assemblie of Ladies, fol. 261.

So that it might not be nombred
The folke, whiche after were encombred
Throughe him, that God would ouerthrow.

Gower. Conf. Am. book ii. fol. 37.

EN

S. Augustine bryngeth an example that by ordre of tellyng, Adam was in paradise or any tree was brought forth for feedyng, with CUMBER diuerse other, wherewith I will not encobre the reade. Stephen, Bishop of Winchester. Of Transubstantiacion, fol. 97. And therin is conteigned certayne right highe and profound sentences, and holsome counsailes, and maruailous deuices agaynst the encumbraunce of fortune: and right sweete consolacions for theim that are ouerthrowen by fortune. Golden Boke. Letter 19. sig. D o, 7

Whereupon, the townesmen all at onces set up a crie, and beat the enemies back to the very breaches, and ruins of the wall, and from thence thrust them out cleane whiles they were thus encombred and affrighted. Holland. Livius, fol. 398.

Another genuine derivation of this selfish fondness, by reason of which we miscarry of science, is the almost insuperable prejudice of custom, and education, by which our minds are encumber'd, and the most are held in a fatal ignorance.

Glanville. The Vanity of Dogmatizing, ch. xiv.

For b'ing unapt for what they took in hand,
And for ought else wherto they shall b'address'd,
They ev'n become th' encumbrance of the land,
As out of rank, disord'ring all the rest.

ENCYCLOPE DY.

They to free themselves from distracting cares voluntarily disburthened themselves of all needless encombrances, and we are wholly busie in heaping up wealth, and driving on worldly interests. Barrow. Sermon 2. vol. iii.

Knowledge, a rude unprofitable mass,
The mere materials with which wisdom builds,
Till smooth'd, and squar'd, and fitted to its place,
Does but encumber whom it seems t'enrich.

Cowper. The Task, book vi.

And goodly mountains, hurl'd

In whirlwind from their seat, obstruct the plain With rough encumbrance; or through depths of earth Fall ruinous, with all their woods immers'd. Mallet. The Excursion, can. 1. ENCYCLICAL, Gr. ἐγκύκλιος ; ἐν, and κύκλος, 3 circle. Circular.

And no less can be imagined, since their prime and most learned prelate, besides what he did in the council, did also after the council publish an encyclical epistle against the definition of the council, as may be seen in Binius his narrative of the council of Florence. Taylor. Polemical Discourses, fol. 512. Of Purgatory, book ii. part . sec. 2.

And he told your lordships, that when the bill for the relief of the Roman Catholics was brought into parliament, the apostolical vicars put forth an encyclical letter forbidding the people of their communion to take the oath prepared for them.

Horsley. Speeches, p. 498.

Full dreadfull things out of that balefull booke
He read, and measur'd many a sad verse,
That horror gan the virgin's heart to perse,
And her faire locks vp stared stiffe on end,
Hearing him those same bloody times reherse.

Id. Ib. book iii. can. 12.
But yield them up where I myself must render,
That is to you, my origin and ender.

Shakspeare. A Louer's Complaint.

The king is not bound to answer the particular' endings of his souldiers, the father of his sonne, nor the master of his seruaunt, for they purpose not their death, when they purpose their seruices.

Id. Henry V. fol. 84.

He the [scoffer] will tell you, he believes there is an heaven of eternal happiness; and scorns those that seek it: that there is an hell of endless woe and torment, and makes sport of all endeavours to avoid it. Glanvil. Sermon 4.

From glooming shadows of eternal night,
Shut up in darkness endlessly to dwell,

Oh! here behold me, miserable wight,
A while releas'd, my tragedy to tell.
Drayton. The Legend of Pierce Gaveston.
That but this blow

Might be the be all, and the end all.

Shakspeare. Macbeth, fol. 135.

For such a dream I had of dire portent,
That much I fear my body will be shent:
It bodes I shall have wars and woful strife,
Or in a loathsome dungeon end my life.
Dryden. The Cock and the Fox.

Religion is totum hominis, with respect to happiness and wellbeing of man. That is properly said to be the chief end or happiness of a thing which doth rise its nature to the utmost perfection of which it is capable, according to its rank and kind.

Wilkins. Natural Religion, book ii. ch. i.

This then is the great end of our assembly, that not only we, but the fatherless, and the widow, all of our country that need our charity, may rejoice with us and for us.

Sharp. Works, vol. i. Sermon 3. Ends, in their nature different, can never be attained by one and the same means.

Warburton. The Divine Legation, book ii. sec. 5. And what then? It is the business of art first to choose some determinate end and purpose, and to select those parts of nature, and those only, which conduce to that end, avoiding, with most religious exactness, the intermixture of any thing, which would contradict it. Burke. Hints for an Essay on the Drama.

Huiova, mules, tho' a masculine ender, Is always in Greek of the feminine gender. Byrom. Epistle 3. ENDA'MAGE, 2 En, and damage, q. v. Lat. ENDA'MAGEMENT. Š damnum, (from damn-are,) the loss or injury, the punishment to which any one is doomed or condemned. See CONDEMN.

To hurt, injure or harm; to inflict any injury or detriment.

For Erasmus sayth; damnatus dicitur, qui damno afficitur. He is called damnatus, that is endamaged or hurte any wayes. Bale. Apology, fol. 137. Conditionally that vnto our subiects, which be endamaged, corres pondent satisfaccion be likewise on your part within the terme of the foresayde three yeeres performed.

Hakluyt. Voyage, &c. Henry IV. Prussian Ambassador. The one partie may not make warre nor endomage the other, nor theyr allyes, nor subiectes vnder any coulour or occasion what soeuer it may be. Nicolls. Thucydides, fol. 138.

Ne ought he car'd, whom he endamaged
By tortuous wrong, or whom bereau'd of right.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, book ii, can. 2.
DEC. Where your good word cannot aduantage him,
Your slaunder neuer can endamage him.

Shakspeare. Two Gentlemen of Verona, fol. 33.
These flagges of France that are aduanced heere
Before the eye and prospect of your towne,
Haue hither march'd to your endamagement.

Id. John, fol. 5.

ENDA'NGER, En, and danger, q. v. Fr. ENDANGERMENT. S danger.

To endanger or to danger is,-to be or cause to be within the action or agency, the reach or risk, of pain or penalty, of hurt, ill or mischief; within the reach or risk of penal, hurtful, mischievous power.

They must necdes little consider themselues, who bring in this necessitie, rather to stande to the pleasure of a man's will, then to abide the reason of the law, and to be endaungered more whan an other man lysteth, then when bymselfe offendeth.

Sir John Cheeke. The Hurt of Sedition, sig. R 2.
Yet here had he not speedy succour lent,
To his endanger'd father, near oppress'd,
That day had been the full accomplishment
Of all his travels and his final rest.

Daniel. History of the Civil Wars, book iv.

THUR. Sir Valentine, I care not for her, I:
I hold him but a foole that will endanger
His body for a girle that loues him not.
Shakspeare. Two Gentlemen of Verona, fol. 38.

ENDAMAGE

ENDARK

him: if he would have tried to fetch a daughter of Israeil: he had I could plead for him necessity: his owne nation was shut up to endangered to leave himselfe behind.

Hall. Cont. Of the Calling of Moses, vol. i. fol. 841.
That he was forced to withdraw aside;

And bade his seruant Talus to inuent

Which way he enter might, without endangerment.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, book v. can. 2. Wherefore serves our happy redemption, and the liberty we have in Christ, but to deliver us from calamitous yokes, not to be liv'd under without the endangerment of our souls, and to restore us in some competent measure to right in every good thing both of this life, and the other.

Milton. Works, vol. i. fol. 224. Of Nullities in Marriage.

If he has a natural inclination to it [painting] it will endanger the neglect of all other more useful studies, to give way to that; and if he have no inclination to it, all the time, pains, and money that shall be employ'd in it, will be thrown away to no purpose. Locke. Of Education, sec. 203. As the King [Henry I.] extricated himself happily from so great an affair, so all the other difficulties of his reign only exercised, without endangering him. Burke. An Abridgement of English History, ch. iv. ENDA'RK, En, and dark, q. v. "A. S. adeoreENDA'RKEN. Sian, obscurare, to obscure, to make darke or dimme, to darken, to hide." Somner.

ENDARK.

ENDEAR.

Yet dyuerse there be industrious of reason,
Som what wolde gadder in their coniecture
Of such an endarked chaptre some season
Howe be it, it were hard to construe this lecture.
Skelton. The Crowne of Laurell.

If beauty thus be clouded with a frown,
That pity shines no comfort to my bliss,

And vapours of disdain so overgrown,

That my life's light wholly endarken'd is: Why should I more molest the world with cries; The air with sighs, the earth below with tears? Daniel. Sonnets to Delia, 21.

ENDART, en, and dart, q. v. 'Fr. darder; to dart, to fling, hurl, cast or throw a dart; also, to hit, wound, pierce, or hurt with a dart.” Cotgrave. JULI. Ile looke to like, if looking liking moue.

ENDE'AR,

But no more deepe will I endart mine eye. Shakspeare. Romeo and Juliet, fol. 56. En, and dear, q. v. A. S. derian, ENDEA'RMENT. Sto dere, to hurt, to do mischief. Dearth is the third person singular, and means some or any season or weather, or other cause, which dereth or maketh dere, hurteth or doeth mischief. Tooke, ii. 409.

Dearth is applied to the scarcity, or want, or barrenness, that is the consequence of the hurt or mischief done. And thus dear, is precious, costly, highly or greatly prized, or valued, rated, or esteemed. And to endear, is

To cause to be, to make dear or precious; highly or greatly prized, much or highly beloved.

Whereas, the excesse of newe buildings and erections hath daily more encreased, and is still like to do so; wherby and by the immoderate confluence of people thither, our said city [London] and the places adjoyning, are, and daily will be, more and more pestred, all victuals and other provisions endeared, &c.

King James's Proclamation Concerning Buildings, 1618. Rym.
Foed. i. 107.

There beautie's Goddesse with these dainty Greekes,
Who did endeere the treasure of a face,

And (fond of that which idle fancy seekes)

Would kisse like doves, like ivie did embrace.

Stirling. Doomes-day. The seventh Hour.

Trusting in God is an endearing him, and doubting is a dishonour

fo him.

Taylor. Sermon 6. part i. When he in triumph of his victory,

Under a rich embroider'd canopy

Enter'd proud Tournay, which did trembling stand,
To beg for mercy at his conqu'ring hand;

To hear of his endearments, how I joy'd!

But see, this calm was suddenly destroy'd.

Drayton. England's Heroical Epistles. The French Queen to Charles Brandon.

And although in matters of religion the husband hath no empire and command, yet if there be a place left to persuade, and intreat, and induce by arguments, there is not in a family a greater endearment of affections than the unity of religion.

Taylor. Sermon 18. part i.
For ah! no more Andromache shall come,
With joyful tears, to welcome Hector home;
No more officious, with endearing charms
From thy tir'd limbs unbrace Pelides' arms.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, book xvii.

Love is a medley of endearments, jars,
Suspicions, quarrels, reconcilements, wars;
Then peace again.
Walsh. To his Book.

His force of genius burn'd in early youth,
With thirst of knowledge, and with love of truth;
His learning, join'd with each endearing art,
Charm'd every ear, and gain'd on ev'ry heart.
Johnson. Paraphrase of an Epitaph on Sir T. Hanmer.
O! deemest thou indeed

No kind endearment here by nature given
To mutual terror and compassion's tears.

VOL. XXI.

Akenside, Pleasures of Imagination, book ii.

ENDEAVOUR, v.

ENDEA'VOUR, n.

ENDEA'VOURER,

ENDEAVOURING,

ENDEAVOURMENT.

VOUR.

ENDEMIAL.

See DEVOIR. Dever is used ENDEAby Chaucer for endeavour, says Junius; and it is so used in the North of England to this day. Devoir, or dever, is from

the Lat. debere; and thus endeavour is, as Minshew expresses it, debitum officium præstare; or, as Skinner, officium suum, prout debet, exequi; and, in its application, is equivalent to the

"Fr. s'efforcer; to endeavour, labour, enforce himself, to strive with might and main, to use his (utmost) strength, apply (all) his vigour, employ his (whole). power." Cotgrave: and also, to try, attempt, or essay.

Some were of this opinion, that it was best to abandon al theyr stuffe and caryages, and so yssuing out to endeuor to scape wyth theyr lyues by the same way that they came thither.

Arthur Golding. Cæsar. Commentaries, book iii. fol. 66.
Brother Skelton, your endeuourment

So have ye done, that meretoriously

Ye have deserved.

Skelton. Poems. Maister Gower to Skelton. Why should I strive to make her live for ever,

That never deigns to give me joy to live?
Why should m' afflicted Muse so much endeavour,
Such honour unto cruelty to give.

Daniel. Sonnet 17.

Whilst Somerset with main endeavour lay
To get his giv'n (but ungot) government,
The stout Calicians (bent another way)
Fiercely repel him, frustrate his intent.

Id. History of the Civil Wars, book vii. Greater matters may be looked for, than those which were the inventions of single endeavourers or results of chance.

Glanvil. Essay 3. p. 34.

Which president, of pestilent import,
Had not the heav'ns bless'd thy endeavourings)
Against thee, Henry, had been likewise brought,
Th' example made of thy example wrought.

Daniel. History of the Civil Wars, book iv.

The husbandman was meanly well content
Triall to make of his endeavourment.

Spenser. Mother Hubberd's Tale.

He is a man, that does not pick and choose out of God's commandments which to observe, to the neglect of the rest: but endeavours uprightly and sincerely to observe them all.

Sharp. Works, vol. i. Sermon 5.
His ashes in a peaceful urn shall rest,
His name a great example stands, to show
How strangely high endeavours may be blest,
Where piety and valour jointly go.

Dryden. On the Death of Oliver Cromwell.

It is one among many reasons for which I purpose to endeavour the entertainment of my countrymen by a short essay on Tuesday and Saturday, that I hope not much to tire those whom I do not happen to please; and if I am not commended for the beauty of my works, to be at least pardoned for their brevity.

Johnson. Rambler, No. 1.

Whenever it is so, the variety of delusion with which a different spirit may then possess its votaries, will centre, properly speaking, in endemoniasm.

ENDE'NIZE, ENDE'NIZEN.

Byrom. Enthusiasm, a Poetical Essay.

En, and denize, q. v. A denizen is an alien born, who has obtained,

er donatione regis, letters patent to make him an English subject.

To give or bestow the rights of a natural born subject, of a native; to admit, to introduce, to the enjoyment of such rights and usages.

And having by little and little in many victories vanquished the nations bordering upon them [they] brought them at length to be endenized and naturalized in their owne name, like as the Persians also did. Holland. Ammianus, fol. 401. Valens and Gratian. For it is vertue that gives glory: that will endenison a man every where. It is only that can naturalize him. A native, if hee be vicious, deserves to be a stranger, and cast out of the common-wealth, Ben Jonson. Discoveries, fol. 111.

as an alien.

Thus then you order the matter; Jews and Mahometans may be permitted to live in a Christian commonwealth with the exercise of their religion, but not to be endenizon'd: Pagans may also be permitted to live there, but not to have the exercise of their religion, nor be endenizon'd. Locke. A third Letter of Toleration, ch. iii. New words he shall endenizen, which use Shall authorise, and currently produce.

Francis. Horace. Epistles, book ii. ENDESPERMUM, in Botany, a genus of the class Diadelphia, order Decandria, natural order Leguminosa. Generic character: calyx two-lipped; superior lip of two obtuse lobes; inferior lip three-toothed; wings and keel of the corolla with long claws; only nine stamens; pod on a footstalk long; one-seeded.

One species, E. scandens, native of Java. Decandolle, Prod.

ENDETTED, i. e. Endebted, q. v. and also debt. And yet I am endetted so therby Of gold, that I have borwed trewely, That while I live, I shal it quiten never. Chaucer. The Chanones Yemannes Tale, v. 16202. For if we be so endetted and bonnde to God, that for the knowledge he hath given us, we ought to geue to him honourable and thankfull testimony, why is our stomach so abashed and fearful to enter into the battell?

ENDITE, or ENDICT, ENDITER,

Caluine. Foure Godlye Sermons, serm. 2.
Now more commonly written
Indict, q. v.

Fr. endicter, enditer; It. indetENDICTMENT.) tare, indittare. With us (says Skinner) dictare, seu actionem intendere; to dictate, (i. e. to say or speak, what another shall write,) to propose an action or suit at law. Spelman (in v. Indictamentum) derives the Fr. endicter, from the Gr. évdeikvvuai, to show or point out, sc. the accused. To endite, is

To write, sc. what the Muse or the mind of the writer may dictate; what the law, or, in the form and manner which the law, may dictate or prescribe; to charge or accuse in a dictated or prescribed form of words; and, generally, to accuse.

At the daye appointed for the pleadinge of his case, Orgetorix called to the sessions all his kynred and alyance, to the number of ten thousand men, together with all his reteynours and dettours, of whom he had a great cōpany. By them he so wrought that he came not to answere his enditement.

Arthur Golding. Cæsar. Commentaries, book i. fol. 4. By knowing what he taketh himselfe vnto, and wherein hee most delighteth, I may commend him for his learning, for his skill in the French, or in the Italion, for his knowledge in cosmographie: for his skill in the lawes, in the histories of all coûtries, and for his gift of enditing. Wilson. The Arte of Rhetorique, fòl. 13.

Of warlike puissaunce in ages spent,

Be thou faire Britomart, whose praise I write ;
But of all wisedome be thou precedent,

O soueraigne queene whose praise I would endite.

Endite I would as dutie doth excite.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, book iii. can. 2. And forthwith would the dictat. have resigned up his office, but that the court, held for the trial of M. Volscius, endited for bearing false witnesse, staied him. Holland. Livius, fol. 107.

The scepticks πάντα ἐστὶν ἀόριστα, must have the qualification of an exception; and at last the mathematicks must be privileg'd from the endictment. Glanville. The Vanity of Dogmatizing, ch. xxiv.

Having graunted libertye thereof to preferre slanders and false endictments, a number were brought into question from all parts (in manner) of the earth, as well of noble birth as of obscure parentage. Holland. Ammianus, fol. 140. But aboue all these, he held in greatest esteeme, Narcissus his secretarie or enditer of epistles, and Pallas the keeper of his bookes of accounts. Holland. Suetonius, fol. 198. Drusus Cæsar. Every sermon we hear, that showeth vs our duty, will in effect be an enditement upon us, will ground a sentence of condemnation, if we trangress it. Barrow. Sermon 26. vol. iii.

Upon whatever occasion these words [Psalm Ixxv. v. 1] were originally endited, the Christian church now celebrates in them that great deliverance, which, by so many miracles of mercy and power, hath been accomplished for her through Messiah, who is in Scriptures frequently styled, "the Name of Jehovah."

Horne. Commentaries on Psalm 75.

ENDLONG, A. S. andlang, andlong, ondlong, i. e. on long, now written along, q. v. And Tooke, i. 424. She slough them in a sodeine rage Endelonge the borde as their ben set.

Gower, book ii. fol. 31. p. 1. col. 2.

Thys kynge the wether gan beholde,

And wist well, they moten holde

Her cours endlonge. Id. book ii. fol. 53. p. 1. col. I,
This lady rometh by the clyffe to play
With her meyne, endlonge the strond.

Chaucer. Hypsiphile, fol. 214. p. 1. col. 2
Endlang the coistis our nauy rede.

Douglas, book iii. p. 77