10 15 scandet cum tacita virgine pontifex, the Capitol as the most significant 9. scandet, etc.: we do not know whether Horace refers to any regular procession; it is most probable that he mentions the Vestal Virgin and Pontifex simply as representatives of two ancient institutions. 10 ff. dicar men shall say. qua, etc. i.e. I shall be honored in the district where I was born.' -obstrepit: the Aufidus is a mountain stream in its upper course. - pauper aquae: cf. Epod. 3, 16 siticulosae Apuliae: Ovid Met. 14, 510 arida Dauni arva. Daunus: cf. n. to 1, 22, 14. populorum object of regnavit; a Greek construction. — ex humili potens: with Daunus, a ruler sprung from low estate. 13 f. princeps: Horace ignores Catullus. Aeolium: cf. I, I, 34 and n.; 2, 13, 24. · Italos: since the conquest of Italy, equivalent to Latinos. deduxisse: composed; apparently a metaphor taken from spinning. Cf. Epist 2, 1, 225 tenui deducta poemata filo, and our common spin,' ' to run on at length,' 'to relate.' modos: strains. Horace's claim to eminence is that he has been the pioneer in writing lyric poetry after the manner of the best of the Greeks. 14 ff. sume superbiam: i.e. as is thy right, for thou, goddess, hast inspired all my song.' Cf. the acknowledgment 4, 3, 24 quod spiro et placeo, si placeo tuum (Pieri) est. — Delphica : cf. 4, 2, 9, laurea Apollinari.—volens: graciously; with propitius a common formula in prayers. So Livy 1, 16, 3 precibus exposcunt uti volens propitius suam semper sospitet progeniem. - Melpomene: cf. n. to I, I, 33. LIBER QVARTVS I Ten years after the publication of what he had regarded as the definitive edition of his lyric poems, Horace gathered into a fourth book some occasional odes written at the request of Augustus, and certain other poems. See Intr. 9. At the head of the collection he placed some light verses reminiscent of his earlier service as a poet of love, and intended to remind the reader that this was still his proper field. In these verses he protests that at fifty his days of love are over, and that Venus should spare him. Young Paulus Maximus, the noble, comely, and eloquent, will do the goddess larger service and pay her greater honor. For himself, he no longer finds delight in maid or boy, in hope for love returned, in sport with wine and flowers. And yet, what means this tear! The unexpected turn at v. 33 is similar to that in 3, 26, 11 f. Paulus Maximus is introduced by Horace, partly to compliment his young friend, and partly to secure a foil for himself and his ten lustra. The ode was probably written but a short time before the publication of the book, i.e. about 14-13 B.C. Metre, 71. 5 IO 15 mater saeva Cupidinum, circa lustra decem flectere mollibus iam durum imperiis; abi quo blandae iuvenum te revocant preces. Tempestivius in domum Pauli purpureis ales oloribus si torrere iecur quaeris idoneum. late signa feret militiae tuae, have been a genuine bond of affec- 6 ff. circa lustra decem: sc. me. The lack of a present participle in Latin (Greek övтa) makes the expression awkward. Horace was 50 in 15 B.C. - flectere: conative. the noblest Roman families, the 1,33,6 Lycorida Cyri torret amor. - iecur: 1, 13, 4. 13 f. et . . . et . . . et, etc. : the repetition has a cumulative force; cf. nec nec, etc. v. 29 ff. — pro sollicitis, etc. : cf. similar compliment to Pollio 2, 1, 13; Ovid ex Pont. 1, 2, 118 addressing this same Maximus, (vox tua) auxilio trepidis quae solet esse reis. 20 25 30 largi muneribus riserit aemuli, Albanos prope te lacus ponet marmoream sub trabe citrea. Illic plurima naribus duces tura, lyraeque et Berecyntiae delectabere tibiae mixtis carminibus non sine fistula; illic bis pueri die numen cum teneris virginibus tuum laudantes pede candido in morem Salium ter quatient humum. Me nec femina nec puer iam nec spes animi credula mutui nec certare iuvat mero nec vincire novis tempora floribus. 24. non sine: cf. n. to 1, 23, 3. 25 ff. bis: i.e. morning and evening. – pueri . . . cum teneris virginibus: a choral band similar to that for which 1, 21 was written, and which sang the Carmen Saeculare. See introductory notes to I, 21 and C. S.; also cf. 4, 6, 31 ff. 28. Salium: cf. 1, 36, 12 and - ter quatient: cf. 3, 18, 16. 29 ff. me: returning to the personal experience. nec... nec, etc. cf. n. to v. 13.-animi . . mutui: of a heart that returns my love. Cf. 3. 9, 13 face mutua. n. 35 40 Sed cur heu, Ligurine, cur manat rara meas lacrima per genas? Cur facunda parum decoro inter verba cadit lingua silentio ? Nocturnis ego somniis iam captum teneo, iam volucrem sequor te per gramina Martii campi, te per aquas, dure, volubilis. comissatio. - novis: of the spring, when the young man (but not the man of fifty years) lightly turns to thoughts of love. cur... 33 ff. sed: the unexpected turn. cur: Intr. 28 c.-Ligurine: the same name occurs again 4, 10, 5. We need not suppose that he existed outside Horace's fancy. 27.-decoro: hypermetric. Intr. 71. With the signs of love, cf. Sappho, Frg. 2, 7 ff. us yàp evidov ẞpoxéws σε, φώνας | οὐδὲν ἔτ ̓ εἴκει· ἀλλὰ καμ μὲν γλῶσσα ἔαγε. Imitated by Catullus 51, 6 ff. nam simul te, Lesbia, adspexi, nihil est super mi lingua sed torpet. Also 'Whoever tries a flight in rivalry with Pindar, will surely fall like Icarus. That mighty poet pours forth his verse like mountain flood and is supreme in every field (1-24). He soars aloft, a swan of Dirce, while I am but a Matine bee that gathers sweets with toil (25-32). But thou, Antonius, art a poet, and canst sing in fuller strain the triumphs of our supreme Caesar and hymn his glad return. Then I too will add my voice to swell the greeting (33-52). Thou shalt make large thanksgiving sacrifice of ten bulls and heifers, while I offer a young calf, as fits my humble station (53-60).' This ode is evidently composed in anticipation of the return of Augustus to Rome from the German frontier, to which he went in 16 B.C. after the defeat of M. Lollius. The Iullus Antonius addressed was the son of Mark Antony and Fulvia. He was educated in Augus |