Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global WarmingBloomsbury Publishing USA, 3. 6. 2010 - 368 strán (strany) The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers. Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedly-some of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era. |
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Strana 7
... American Association for the Advancement of Science who first realized that certain chemicals (CFCs) could destroy stratospheric ozone. When a graduate student named Justin Lancaster tried to set the record straight on Roger Revelle's ...
... American Association for the Advancement of Science who first realized that certain chemicals (CFCs) could destroy stratospheric ozone. When a graduate student named Justin Lancaster tried to set the record straight on Roger Revelle's ...
Strana 10
... America's most distinguished scientists. A wunderkind who had helped to build the atomic bomb, Seitz had spent his career at the highest levels of American science: a science advisor to NATO in the 1950s, president of the National ...
... America's most distinguished scientists. A wunderkind who had helped to build the atomic bomb, Seitz had spent his career at the highest levels of American science: a science advisor to NATO in the 1950s, president of the National ...
Strana 11
... American hospitals and universities for biomedical research. Shannon's external grant program was wildly popular and successful, and so it grew— and grew. Eventually it produced the gargantuan granting system that is the core of the NIH ...
... American hospitals and universities for biomedical research. Shannon's external grant program was wildly popular and successful, and so it grew— and grew. Eventually it produced the gargantuan granting system that is the core of the NIH ...
Strana 15
... American public about the health effects of smoking.24 The decision was to hire a public relations firm to challenge the scientific evidence that smoking could kill you. On that December morning, the presidents of four of America's ...
... American public about the health effects of smoking.24 The decision was to hire a public relations firm to challenge the scientific evidence that smoking could kill you. On that December morning, the presidents of four of America's ...
Strana 16
... American media industry. In the summer of 1954, industry spokesmen met with Arthur Hays Sulzburger, publisher of the New York Times; Helen Rogers Reid, chairwoman of the New York Herald Tribune; Jack Howard, president of Scripps Howard ...
... American media industry. In the summer of 1954, industry spokesmen met with Arthur Hays Sulzburger, publisher of the New York Times; Helen Rogers Reid, chairwoman of the New York Herald Tribune; Jack Howard, president of Scripps Howard ...
Obsah
1 | |
36 | |
Acid Rain | 66 |
Whats Bad Science? Who Decides? | 136 |
The Denial of Global Warming | 169 |
The Revisionist | 216 |
Acknowledgments | 275 |
Index | 345 |
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acid rain American argued argument Assessment Atmospheric attack Bad Science Bill Nierenberg Carbon Dioxide cause CFCs chapter chlorine Cigarette claims Climate Change colleagues Committee debate defense Earth’s effects emissions Environment Environmental environmentalists experts Fred Singer Frederick Seitz free market George H. W. Bush Glantz global warming Health Heartland Institute human Ibid impact insisted IPCC issue Legacy Tobacco Documents letter Lomborg lung cancer Marshall Institute ment Naomi Oreskes National Academy nuclear winter ozone depletion ozone hole panel percent pesticides Philip Morris physicists Policy political pollution president President’s problem Protection published R. J. Reynolds Reagan regulation Revelle risk Robert Jastrow Santer scientists secondhand smoke Silent Spring SIO Archives skeptics Soviet stratosphere tion Tobacco Documents Library tobacco industry U.S. Government University Press Wall Street Journal WAN papers Washington White House William Nierenberg World York