Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global WarmingBloomsbury Publishing USA, 3. 6. 2010 - 368 strán (strany) The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers. Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedly-some of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era. |
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Výsledky 1 - 5 z 85.
Strana 5
... Institute, founded to defend Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI or “Star Wars”). And both had previously worked for the tobacco industry, helping to cast doubt on the scientific evidence linking smoking to death. From ...
... Institute, founded to defend Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI or “Star Wars”). And both had previously worked for the tobacco industry, helping to cast doubt on the scientific evidence linking smoking to death. From ...
Strana 6
... Institute, channeled through a think tank, the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution.13 Millions of pages of documents released during tobacco litigation demonstrate these links. They show the crucial role that scientists played in sowing ...
... Institute, channeled through a think tank, the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution.13 Millions of pages of documents released during tobacco litigation demonstrate these links. They show the crucial role that scientists played in sowing ...
Strana 10
... institutes across the country. The focus of the new program was degenerative diseases—cancer, heart disease, emphysema, diabetes—the leading causes of death in the United States. And the project ... Institute, and, 10 Doubt Is Our Product.
... institutes across the country. The focus of the new program was degenerative diseases—cancer, heart disease, emphysema, diabetes—the leading causes of death in the United States. And the project ... Institute, and, 10 Doubt Is Our Product.
Strana 11
... Institute, and, not surprisingly, the Rockefeller University.1 A typical grant was $500,000 per year for six years—a ... Institutes of Health from 1955 to 1968, he transformed the NIH by convincing Congress to allow them to offer grants ...
... Institute, and, not surprisingly, the Rockefeller University.1 A typical grant was $500,000 per year for six years—a ... Institutes of Health from 1955 to 1968, he transformed the NIH by convincing Congress to allow them to offer grants ...
Strana 14
... Institute in New York City had demonstrated that cigarette tar painted on the skin of mice caused fatal cancers.19 This work had attracted an enormous amount of press attention: the New York Times and Life magazine had both covered it ...
... Institute in New York City had demonstrated that cigarette tar painted on the skin of mice caused fatal cancers.19 This work had attracted an enormous amount of press attention: the New York Times and Life magazine had both covered it ...
Obsah
1 | |
36 | |
Acid Rain | 66 |
Whats Bad Science? Who Decides? | 136 |
The Denial of Global Warming | 169 |
The Revisionist | 216 |
Acknowledgments | 275 |
Index | 345 |
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acid rain American argued argument Assessment Atmospheric attack Bad Science Bill Nierenberg Carbon Dioxide cause CFCs chapter chlorine Cigarette claims Climate Change colleagues Committee debate defense Earth’s effects emissions Environment Environmental environmentalists experts Fred Singer Frederick Seitz free market George H. W. Bush Glantz global warming Health Heartland Institute human Ibid impact insisted IPCC issue Legacy Tobacco Documents letter Lomborg lung cancer Marshall Institute ment Naomi Oreskes National Academy nuclear winter ozone depletion ozone hole panel percent pesticides Philip Morris physicists Policy political pollution president President’s problem Protection published R. J. Reynolds Reagan regulation Revelle risk Robert Jastrow Santer scientists secondhand smoke Silent Spring SIO Archives skeptics Soviet stratosphere tion Tobacco Documents Library tobacco industry U.S. Government University Press Wall Street Journal WAN papers Washington White House William Nierenberg World York