Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global WarmingBloomsbury Publishing USA, 3. 6. 2010 - 368 strán (strany) The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers. Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedly-some of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era. |
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Strana 2
... us that if the Sun were causing global warming—as some skeptics continue to insist—we'd expect both the troposphere ... government for failing to regulate carbon dioxide as a pollutant under the Clean Air Act. Justice Antonin Scalia ...
... us that if the Sun were causing global warming—as some skeptics continue to insist—we'd expect both the troposphere ... government for failing to regulate carbon dioxide as a pollutant under the Clean Air Act. Justice Antonin Scalia ...
Strana 4
... governments of the participating nations to ensure not only that factual errors ... U.S. Global Change Research Program.4 The American Meteorological Society ... government even had a climate policy to adjust the data to fit. (We didn't ...
... governments of the participating nations to ensure not only that factual errors ... U.S. Global Change Research Program.4 The American Meteorological Society ... government even had a climate policy to adjust the data to fit. (We didn't ...
Strana 6
... U.S. surgeon general had declared that secondhand smoke was hazardous not only to smokers' health, but to anyone ... government control over all aspects of our lives. Singer's anti-EPA report was funded by a grant from the Tobacco ...
... U.S. surgeon general had declared that secondhand smoke was hazardous not only to smokers' health, but to anyone ... government control over all aspects of our lives. Singer's anti-EPA report was funded by a grant from the Tobacco ...
Strana 12
... government's excuse” for imposing punitive taxes.10 (In 1978, smokers paid over a billion and a half dollars in cigarette excise taxes in the United States and abroad—taxes that had been raised in part in response to the scientific ...
... government's excuse” for imposing punitive taxes.10 (In 1978, smokers paid over a billion and a half dollars in cigarette excise taxes in the United States and abroad—taxes that had been raised in part in response to the scientific ...
Strana 15
... government had run major antismoking campaigns; Adolf Hitler forbade smoking ... U.S. Tobacco—met at the venerable Plaza Hotel in New York City. The French ... U.S. Department of Justice would later put it, they decided “to deceive the ...
... government had run major antismoking campaigns; Adolf Hitler forbade smoking ... U.S. Tobacco—met at the venerable Plaza Hotel in New York City. The French ... U.S. Department of Justice would later put it, they decided “to deceive the ...
Obsah
1 | |
36 | |
Acid Rain | 66 |
Whats Bad Science? Who Decides? | 136 |
The Denial of Global Warming | 169 |
The Revisionist | 216 |
Acknowledgments | 275 |
Index | 345 |
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acid rain American argued argument Assessment Atmospheric attack Bad Science Bill Nierenberg Carbon Dioxide cause CFCs chapter chlorine Cigarette claims Climate Change colleagues Committee debate defense Earth’s effects emissions Environment Environmental environmentalists experts Fred Singer Frederick Seitz free market George H. W. Bush Glantz global warming Health Heartland Institute human Ibid impact insisted IPCC issue Legacy Tobacco Documents letter Lomborg lung cancer Marshall Institute ment Naomi Oreskes National Academy nuclear winter ozone depletion ozone hole panel percent pesticides Philip Morris physicists Policy political pollution president President’s problem Protection published R. J. Reynolds Reagan regulation Revelle risk Robert Jastrow Santer scientists secondhand smoke Silent Spring SIO Archives skeptics Soviet stratosphere tion Tobacco Documents Library tobacco industry U.S. Government University Press Wall Street Journal WAN papers Washington White House William Nierenberg World York