Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global WarmingBloomsbury Publishing USA, 3. 6. 2010 - 368 strán (strany) The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers. Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedly-some of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era. |
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Strana 5
... cancer. The idea, the article explained, was to “keep the controversy alive.”11 So long as there was doubt about the causal link, the tobacco industry would be safe from litigation and regulation. Santer thought the story seemed eerily ...
... cancer. The idea, the article explained, was to “keep the controversy alive.”11 So long as there was doubt about the causal link, the tobacco industry would be safe from litigation and regulation. Santer thought the story seemed eerily ...
Strana 6
... cancer remained unproven. They insisted that scientists were mistaken about the risks and limitations of SDI. They argued that acid rain was caused by volcanoes, and so was the ozone hole. They charged that the Environmental Protection ...
... cancer remained unproven. They insisted that scientists were mistaken about the risks and limitations of SDI. They argued that acid rain was caused by volcanoes, and so was the ozone hole. They charged that the Environmental Protection ...
Strana 10
... cancer, heart disease, emphysema, diabetes—the leading causes of death in the United States. And the project was huge: $45 million would be spent over the next six years. The money would fund research at Harvard, the universities of ...
... cancer, heart disease, emphysema, diabetes—the leading causes of death in the United States. And the project was huge: $45 million would be spent over the next six years. The money would fund research at Harvard, the universities of ...
Strana 12
... cancer, and details of drug metabolism and interactions. Two scientists in particular caught Seitz's personal attention. One was Martin J. Cline, a professor at UCLA who was studying the lung's natural defense mechanisms and was on the ...
... cancer, and details of drug metabolism and interactions. Two scientists in particular caught Seitz's personal attention. One was Martin J. Cline, a professor at UCLA who was studying the lung's natural defense mechanisms and was on the ...
Strana 13
... cancer, hardening of the arteries, and carbon monoxide poisoning were unfounded. “Reynolds and other cigarette makers have reacted to these scientifically unproven claims by intensifying our funding of objective research into these ...
... cancer, hardening of the arteries, and carbon monoxide poisoning were unfounded. “Reynolds and other cigarette makers have reacted to these scientifically unproven claims by intensifying our funding of objective research into these ...
Obsah
1 | |
36 | |
Acid Rain | 66 |
Whats Bad Science? Who Decides? | 136 |
The Denial of Global Warming | 169 |
The Revisionist | 216 |
Acknowledgments | 275 |
Index | 345 |
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acid rain American argued argument Assessment Atmospheric attack Bad Science Bill Nierenberg Carbon Dioxide cause CFCs chapter chlorine Cigarette claims Climate Change colleagues Committee debate defense Earth’s effects emissions Environment Environmental environmentalists experts Fred Singer Frederick Seitz free market George H. W. Bush Glantz global warming Health Heartland Institute human Ibid impact insisted IPCC issue Legacy Tobacco Documents letter Lomborg lung cancer Marshall Institute ment Naomi Oreskes National Academy nuclear winter ozone depletion ozone hole panel percent pesticides Philip Morris physicists Policy political pollution president President’s problem Protection published R. J. Reynolds Reagan regulation Revelle risk Robert Jastrow Santer scientists secondhand smoke Silent Spring SIO Archives skeptics Soviet stratosphere tion Tobacco Documents Library tobacco industry U.S. Government University Press Wall Street Journal WAN papers Washington White House William Nierenberg World York