Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global WarmingBloomsbury Publishing USA, 3. 6. 2010 - 368 strán (strany) The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers. Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedly-some of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era. |
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Strana 5
... president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Singer was a physicist—in fact, the proverbial rocket scientist—who became a leading figure in the development of Earth observation satellites, serving as the first director of the ...
... president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Singer was a physicist—in fact, the proverbial rocket scientist—who became a leading figure in the development of Earth observation satellites, serving as the first director of the ...
Strana 7
... president and the vice president of the United States. In all of this, journalists and the public never understood that these were not scientific debates—taking place in the halls of science among active scientific researchers—but ...
... president and the vice president of the United States. In all of this, journalists and the public never understood that these were not scientific debates—taking place in the halls of science among active scientific researchers—but ...
Strana 8
... presidents. They had also dealt extensively with the media, so they knew how to get press coverage for their views, and ... President George H. W. Bush once even referred to them as “my scientists.”18 Although the situation is now a bit ...
... presidents. They had also dealt extensively with the media, so they knew how to get press coverage for their views, and ... President George H. W. Bush once even referred to them as “my scientists.”18 Although the situation is now a bit ...
Strana 10
... president of the National Academy of Sciences in the 1960s, president of the Rockefeller University—America's leading biomedical research institution—in the 1970s. In 1979, Seitz had just retired, and he was there to talk about one last ...
... president of the National Academy of Sciences in the 1960s, president of the Rockefeller University—America's leading biomedical research institution—in the 1970s. In 1979, Seitz had just retired, and he was there to talk about one last ...
Strana 15
... presidents of four of America's largest tobacco companies—American Tobacco, Benson and Hedges, Philip Morris, and U.S. Tobacco—met at the venerable Plaza Hotel in New York City. The French Renaissance chateau-style building—in which ...
... presidents of four of America's largest tobacco companies—American Tobacco, Benson and Hedges, Philip Morris, and U.S. Tobacco—met at the venerable Plaza Hotel in New York City. The French Renaissance chateau-style building—in which ...
Obsah
1 | |
36 | |
Acid Rain | 66 |
Whats Bad Science? Who Decides? | 136 |
The Denial of Global Warming | 169 |
The Revisionist | 216 |
Acknowledgments | 275 |
Index | 345 |
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acid rain American argued argument Assessment Atmospheric attack Bad Science Bill Nierenberg Carbon Dioxide cause CFCs chapter chlorine Cigarette claims Climate Change colleagues Committee debate defense Earth’s effects emissions Environment Environmental environmentalists experts Fred Singer Frederick Seitz free market George H. W. Bush Glantz global warming Health Heartland Institute human Ibid impact insisted IPCC issue Legacy Tobacco Documents letter Lomborg lung cancer Marshall Institute ment Naomi Oreskes National Academy nuclear winter ozone depletion ozone hole panel percent pesticides Philip Morris physicists Policy political pollution president President’s problem Protection published R. J. Reynolds Reagan regulation Revelle risk Robert Jastrow Santer scientists secondhand smoke Silent Spring SIO Archives skeptics Soviet stratosphere tion Tobacco Documents Library tobacco industry U.S. Government University Press Wall Street Journal WAN papers Washington White House William Nierenberg World York