Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global WarmingBloomsbury Publishing USA, 3. 6. 2010 - 368 strán (strany) The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers. Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedly-some of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era. |
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... Questions Part 2. NET JRF Economics Previous Year Questions Part 3. NET JRF Economics Previous Year Questions Part 4. NET JRF Economics Previous Year Questions Part 5. NET JRF Economics Previous Year Questions Part 6. NET JRF Economics ...
... Questions Part 2. NET JRF Economics Previous Year Questions Part 3. NET JRF Economics Previous Year Questions Part 4. NET JRF Economics Previous Year Questions Part 5. NET JRF Economics Previous Year Questions Part 6. NET JRF Economics ...
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... Question 1 Mandamus . Question 2 Proof of Validity . a . Negotiability b . Bona fides c . Absence of record . Question 3 Statute of Limitations ....... a . Orders due before May 12 , 1931 b . Orders due before September v - vi 1-5 6-50 ...
... Question 1 Mandamus . Question 2 Proof of Validity . a . Negotiability b . Bona fides c . Absence of record . Question 3 Statute of Limitations ....... a . Orders due before May 12 , 1931 b . Orders due before September v - vi 1-5 6-50 ...
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... question of fraud Facts were insufficient to support a question of fraud in more than one- half ( 55.5 percent ) of the cases disposed of by administrative ... question of fraud . Cases with facts sufficient to support a question of fraud.
... question of fraud Facts were insufficient to support a question of fraud in more than one- half ( 55.5 percent ) of the cases disposed of by administrative ... question of fraud . Cases with facts sufficient to support a question of fraud.
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... question been encouraged by the method of transportation which its people have used . We will without question continue to spread our population over large areas in the future and maintain a low population density . Seven or eight years ...
... question been encouraged by the method of transportation which its people have used . We will without question continue to spread our population over large areas in the future and maintain a low population density . Seven or eight years ...
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... question . It is conceded that the form of question therein set forth was inaccurate in that it did not fully inform the voters as to the purpose of the amendment . However , the question in that form was not submitted to the electors ...
... question . It is conceded that the form of question therein set forth was inaccurate in that it did not fully inform the voters as to the purpose of the amendment . However , the question in that form was not submitted to the electors ...
Obsah
1 | |
Strategic Defense Phony Facts and | 36 |
Acid Rain | 66 |
Whats Bad Science? Who Decides? | 136 |
The Denial of Global Warming | 169 |
The Revisionist | 216 |
Acknowledgments | 275 |
Index | 345 |
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acid rain American argued argument Assessment Atmospheric attack Bad Science Bill Nierenberg Carbon Dioxide cause CFCs chapter chlorine Cigarette claims Climate Change colleagues Committee debate defense Earth’s effects emissions Environment Environmental environmentalists experts Fred Singer Frederick Seitz free market George H. W. Bush Glantz global warming Health Heartland Institute human Ibid impact insisted IPCC issue Legacy Tobacco Documents letter Lomborg lung cancer Marshall Institute ment Naomi Oreskes National Academy nuclear winter ozone depletion ozone hole panel percent pesticides Philip Morris physicists Policy political pollution president President’s problem Protection published R. J. Reynolds Reagan regulation Revelle risk Robert Jastrow Santer scientists secondhand smoke Silent Spring SIO Archives skeptics Soviet stratosphere tion Tobacco Documents Library tobacco industry U.S. Government University Press Wall Street Journal WAN papers Washington White House William Nierenberg World York