Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global WarmingBloomsbury Publishing USA, 3. 6. 2010 - 368 strán (strany) The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers. Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedly-some of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era. |
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Výsledky 1 - 5 z 82.
Strana 8
... suggest scientists to serve in important positions in the administration. Like Seitz, he had helped to build the atomic bomb, and later was associated with several Cold War weapons programs and laboratories. Jastrow was a prominent ...
... suggest scientists to serve in important positions in the administration. Like Seitz, he had helped to build the atomic bomb, and later was associated with several Cold War weapons programs and laboratories. Jastrow was a prominent ...
Strana 12
... suggest that supporting research was an “obligation of corporate citizenship.” Others note the company's desire to “contribute to the prevention and cure of diseases for which tobacco products have been blamed.” Still others suggest ...
... suggest that supporting research was an “obligation of corporate citizenship.” Others note the company's desire to “contribute to the prevention and cure of diseases for which tobacco products have been blamed.” Still others suggest ...
Strana 14
... suggested the possibility of preventing cancer by strengthening the cell's natural defenses, which in turn suggested that cancer might just be a (natural) failure of those defenses. Many of the studies explored other causes of disease ...
... suggested the possibility of preventing cancer by strengthening the cell's natural defenses, which in turn suggested that cancer might just be a (natural) failure of those defenses. Many of the studies explored other causes of disease ...
Strana 16
... suggested including the word “research” in the title of their new committee, because a pro-cigarette message would need science to back it up.29 At the end of the day, Hill concluded, “scientific doubts must remain.”30 It would be his ...
... suggested including the word “research” in the title of their new committee, because a pro-cigarette message would need science to back it up.29 At the end of the day, Hill concluded, “scientific doubts must remain.”30 It would be his ...
Strana 22
... suggest that our own government both sanctioned and prof- ited from the sale of a deadly product. In hindsight ... suggested identifying the hazardous components in cigarette smoke and trying to remove them, or adopting voluntary ...
... suggest that our own government both sanctioned and prof- ited from the sale of a deadly product. In hindsight ... suggested identifying the hazardous components in cigarette smoke and trying to remove them, or adopting voluntary ...
Obsah
1 | |
36 | |
Acid Rain | 66 |
Whats Bad Science? Who Decides? | 136 |
The Denial of Global Warming | 169 |
The Revisionist | 216 |
Acknowledgments | 275 |
Index | 345 |
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acid rain American argued argument Assessment Atmospheric attack Bad Science Bill Nierenberg Carbon Dioxide cause CFCs chapter chlorine Cigarette claims Climate Change colleagues Committee debate defense Earth’s effects emissions Environment Environmental environmentalists experts Fred Singer Frederick Seitz free market George H. W. Bush Glantz global warming Health Heartland Institute human Ibid impact insisted IPCC issue Legacy Tobacco Documents letter Lomborg lung cancer Marshall Institute ment Naomi Oreskes National Academy nuclear winter ozone depletion ozone hole panel percent pesticides Philip Morris physicists Policy political pollution president President’s problem Protection published R. J. Reynolds Reagan regulation Revelle risk Robert Jastrow Santer scientists secondhand smoke Silent Spring SIO Archives skeptics Soviet stratosphere tion Tobacco Documents Library tobacco industry U.S. Government University Press Wall Street Journal WAN papers Washington White House William Nierenberg World York