Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global WarmingBloomsbury Publishing USA, 3. 6. 2010 - 368 strán (strany) The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers. Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedly-some of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era. |
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... a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming NAOMI ORESKES and ERIK M. CONWAY Bloomsbury Press New York • Berlin • London Copyright © 2010 by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway.
... a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming NAOMI ORESKES and ERIK M. CONWAY Bloomsbury Press New York • Berlin • London Copyright © 2010 by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway.
Strana
... York, NY 10010. Published by Bloomsbury Press, New York All papers used by Bloomsbury Press are natural, recyclable products made from wood grown in well-managed forests. The manufacturing processes conform to the environmental ...
... York, NY 10010. Published by Bloomsbury Press, New York All papers used by Bloomsbury Press are natural, recyclable products made from wood grown in well-managed forests. The manufacturing processes conform to the environmental ...
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... York Times, the Washington Post, Newsweek, and many others repeated these claims as if they were a “side” in a scientific debate. Then the claims were repeated again and again and again—as in an echo chamber—by a wide range of people ...
... York Times, the Washington Post, Newsweek, and many others repeated these claims as if they were a “side” in a scientific debate. Then the claims were repeated again and again and again—as in an echo chamber—by a wide range of people ...
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... York City had demonstrated that cigarette tar painted on the skin of mice caused fatal cancers.19 This work had attracted an enormous amount of press attention: the New York Times and Life magazine had both covered it, and Reader's ...
... York City had demonstrated that cigarette tar painted on the skin of mice caused fatal cancers.19 This work had attracted an enormous amount of press attention: the New York Times and Life magazine had both covered it, and Reader's ...
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... York City. The French Renaissance chateau-style building—in which unaccompanied ladies were not permitted in its famous Oak Room bar—was a fitting place for the task at hand: the protection of one of America's oldest and most powerful ...
... York City. The French Renaissance chateau-style building—in which unaccompanied ladies were not permitted in its famous Oak Room bar—was a fitting place for the task at hand: the protection of one of America's oldest and most powerful ...
Obsah
1 | |
36 | |
Acid Rain | 66 |
Whats Bad Science? Who Decides? | 136 |
The Denial of Global Warming | 169 |
The Revisionist | 216 |
Acknowledgments | 275 |
Index | 345 |
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acid rain American argued argument Assessment Atmospheric attack Bad Science Bill Nierenberg Carbon Dioxide cause CFCs chapter chlorine Cigarette claims Climate Change colleagues Committee debate defense Earth’s effects emissions Environment Environmental environmentalists experts Fred Singer Frederick Seitz free market George H. W. Bush Glantz global warming Health Heartland Institute human Ibid impact insisted IPCC issue Legacy Tobacco Documents letter Lomborg lung cancer Marshall Institute ment Naomi Oreskes National Academy nuclear winter ozone depletion ozone hole panel percent pesticides Philip Morris physicists Policy political pollution president President’s problem Protection published R. J. Reynolds Reagan regulation Revelle risk Robert Jastrow Santer scientists secondhand smoke Silent Spring SIO Archives skeptics Soviet stratosphere tion Tobacco Documents Library tobacco industry U.S. Government University Press Wall Street Journal WAN papers Washington White House William Nierenberg World York