20 Atria, nobilitas sola est atque unica virtus.
Paulus vel Cossus vel Drusus moribus esto:
Hos ante effigies majorum pone tuorum :
Præcedant ipsas illi te Consule virgas.
Prima mihi debes animi bona. Sanctus haberi
25 Justitiæque tenax factis dictisque mereris?
Agnosco procerem. Salve, Gætulice, seu tu
Silanus, quocumque alio de sanguine! rarus
Civis et egregius patriæ contingis ovanti.
Exclamare libet, populus quod clamat, Osiri

21. (1) Paulus; see 145, note. FA. Plut. Vit. Aur. Vict. de Vir. Ill. PR. (2) Aulus Cornelius Cossus, when tribune in the army, slew Lar Tolumnius king of the Veientes, and thereby carried off the the second spolia opima to consecrate to Jupiter Feretrius. Liv. iv. 19. Or C. Corn. Lentulus Cossus. Augustus Cæsar Gætulos accolas Syrtium Cosso duce compescuit, unde illi Gatulici nomen; Flor. IV. xii. 40. The latter would seem to be here alluded to, from v. 26. FA. PR. (3) One of the Claudii gained the additional name of Drusus by engaging hand to hand and slaying Drusus the enemy's general: he also brought back out of Gaul the gold which had formerly been paid to the Senones, when they were besieging the Capitol. PR. There were in Juvenal's time two lawyers named Paulus and Cossus, who, probably, were no honour to the name they bore. vii. 144, note.

22. Hos i. e. mores. VS. cf. Tac. Agr. 46.

24. If you look for respect from me, I will tell you what I exact first from you.' LU.

Animi bona the moral and intellectual virtues,' as opposed to corporeal goods' and "the goods of fortune.'

ACH.

illustrious hero and conqueror, than he who has but gained a victory over barbarian enemies.' LU.

27. Junius Silanus eximia nobilitate fuit; Tac. A. xii. init. LU. He was son-in-law of the emperor Claudius. Suet. 27. PR.

Rari quippe boni; xiii. 26. LU.

29. Osiris was deified as having been the inventor of agriculture, gardening, and planting. Tib. I. vii. 27 sqq. (HY.) VS. The Egyptians worshipped him under the figure of a live ox, which he was supposed to animate. When the animal (to which they gave the name of Apis, LO.) grew old, and consequently unfit for the residence of the divinity, he was thought to quit it, and migrate into a younger body of the same species; just as the Tartars, with infinitely more good sense, are taught to believe that their Lama migrates from one human body to another. The deserted ox was drowned with much ceremonious sorrow; when, those melancholy maniacs, his priests, attended by an immense concourse of people, dispersed themselves over the country, wailing and lamenting, in quest of the favoured individual which Osiris had selected to dwell in. This the priests were supposed to know by some sacred marks, and this they always took care to find in due time: the lamentations of the people were then changed into songs of joy; they conducted the sacrosanct beast with great pomp to the shrine of his predecessor, shouting and calling to the inhabitants as they passed, We have found him, we have found him! come, and let us rejoice together." All the rites of the Egyptians were of a gloomy cast. This may be one of the causes of the singular attachment of the women to them, whereever they were introduced. We have

30 Invento. Quis enim generosum dixerit hunc, qui
Indignus genere et præclaro nomine tantum
Insignis? Nanum cujusdam Atlanta vocamus,
Æthiopem cycnum, pravam extortamque puellam
Europen; canibus pigris scabieque vetusta.

35 Levibus et siccæ lambentibus ora lucernæ
Nomen erit pardus, tigris, leo, si quid adhuc est,
Quod fremat in terris violentius. Ergo cavebis
Et metues, ne tu sis Creticus aut Camerinus.

His ego quem monui? Tecum est mihi sermo, Rubelli

seen (vi. 526 sqq. PR.) in what manner
the priests of Isis ran up and down the
streets of Rome, howling and lamenting
for Osiris this was a paltry imitation of
their native ceremonies; to the clamorous
termination of which Juvenal here alludes.
G. M. Her. iii. 27 sqq•
Plin. viii. 46.

Lact. Inst. i. 21. R.

30. Quis nobilissimus, nisi qui optimus? Fabius. LU. See note on 19. PR. ノ

31. Panegyric then becomes irony, it can only be applied by antiphrasis.' VS.

32. Návos pumilio; Gell. xix. 13. homo suos breviter concretus in artus; Prop. IV. viii. 41. pumilionum genus in omnibus animalibus est; Plin. xi. 49. PR. R. People of quality kept 'dwarfs' for their amusement. M.

Atlas, brother of Prometheus and king of Mauritania. LU. Hic hominum cunctos ingenti corpore præstans Iapetionides Atlas fuit; Ov. M. iv. 630 sq. quis par esset Atlanti viribus? ib. 652 sq. quantus erat, mons factus Atlas; ib. 656. ib. vii. 174 sq. cœlum qui vertice fulcit; Virg. Æ. iv. 247. maximus Atlas axem humero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum ; ib. iv. 481 sq. PR.

Vocamus. παῤῥησίας καὶ ἀληθείας φίλος, ὡς ὁ Κωμικός φησι, τὰ σῦκα σῦκα, τὴν σκάφην δὲ σκάφην ὀνομάζει Luc. πῶς δεῖ ior. uyy. 41. The manner of parasites in such matters is described, Ath. vi. 9. Hor. I S. iii. 44 sqq. R.

33. 'An Ethiopian.' ii. 23. PR. Jerem. xiii. 23.

34. Europa was the daughter of Agenor king of Phoenicia and sister of Cadmus; smitten by her charms, Jupiter transformed himself into a bull. LU. Ov. M. ii. 836 sqq. PR. Hor. III Od. xxvii. 25 sqq. M.

36. On these animals, see Plin. H. N. viii. 17 sq. Gell. v. 14. Plut. Anim. Comp. PR.

37. Do not too hastily exult when you are addressed by some high-sounding title. You should rather be cautious and apprehensive that it may be mere irony in him who thus addresses you.' R. Perhaps we should read sic for sis. J.

38. Creticus; Dio xxxvi. Sall. B. C. 29. R. See also ii. 67. SCH. where the title is used ironically.

Camerinus; vii. 90. SCH.

He was

39. C. Rub. Blandus (or rather Plautus) was descended from the Julian clan by the mother's side. first cousin, one remove, of Nero; his mother Julia being sister to Germanicus the father of Julia Agrippina; and also second cousin, his grandmother Antonia minor (the mother of Julia) being the sister of Antonia major, who was Nero's grandmother, C. Domitius Ahenobarbus (his father) being her son. The two Antonias were the daughters of Marc Antony and Octavia the sister of Augustus, whose mother Atia was the niece of Julius Cæsar by his sister Julia. Antonia minor married Drusus Germanicus the brother of Tiberius: these two were the step-sons of Augustus by Livia. The wife of Germanicus (the father of J. Agrippina) was Agrippina, whose mother was Julia the daughter of Augustus. So that Nero could boast a threefold descent from the Julian Family; (1) Nero, Domitius, Antonia major, Octavia, Atia, Julia; (2) Nero, Agrippina, Germanicus, Antonia minor, Octavia, &c. (3) Nero, J. Agrippina, Agrippina, Julia, Augustus, Atia, &c.

J.

40 Blande. Tumes alto Drusorum stemmate, tamquam Feceris ipse aliquid, propter quod nobilis esses, Ut te conciperet, quæ sanguine fulget Iuli, Non quæ ventoso conducta sub aggere texit. "Vos humiles," inquis, “vulgi pars ultima nostri, 45 Quorum nemo queat patriam monstrare parentis ; Ast ego Cecropides." Vivas et originis hujus Gaudia longa feras; tamen ima plebe Quiritem Facundum invenies: solet hic defendere causas Nobilis indocti. Veniet de plebe togata, 50 Qui juris nodos et legum ænigmata solvat. Hic petit Euphraten juvenis domitique Batavi Custodes aquilas, armis industrius; at tu Nil nisi Cecropides truncoque simillimus Hermæ.

The Euphrates was the eastern boundary of the Roman empire: where 'legions' were 'stationed to keep in check' the Parthians, Syrians, and other Asiatic foes. R.

'The Batavians' (Batavi truces; Luc. VS.) had not been subdued,' though actual hostilities had ceased. Tac. A. iv. 12-37. 54–86. v. 14-26. Sil. iii. 608. R. It appears from Tacitus and Suetonius that Domitian was really engaged in an expedition against these people in his youth. G.

45. Άνθρωπος οὐκ ἔχων εἰπεῖν ὄνομα παπποῦ, ἀλλ ̓ οὐδὲ πατρός Synes. adv. 52. 'The eagles' were of gold or silver, Andr. 1. cf. iv. 98. Virg. Æ.ix. 343. R. and fixed on spears: it was Marius, in 46. Cecropides; 53. ii. 92. i. e. of his second consulship, who appropriated royal and ancient lineage.' ef. Pers. iv. these ensigns to the Roman legions. 20. LU. svyεvéσTEGOV TOU KingoTos Plin. x. 4. PR. They are here put for Kódgou Luc. Tim. 23. R. the legions' themselves. LU. FA.

"Sir, I wish you long life, and much joy of your noble descent.' M. cf. gaudeat; 13.

47. Summa sæpe ingenia in occulto latent; Plaut. LU. ef. vii. 145. Cic. T. Q. iii. 23. Hor. I S. vi. 6-16. R.

Quiritem. This noun denotes those possessed of the rights of citizenship: the singular number of it occurs only in poets. R.

49. Note on i. 96. PR.

50. The knotty points of law and the ambiguous wording of statutes. ænigmatu Græci, veteres nostri quidam scrupos appellarunt; Gell. xii. 6. PR.

51. After the times of Marius and Sulla, few young men of birth and fortune entered the army. R.

53. Truncus atque stipes; Cic. Pis. 9. reliqui de factione sunt inertissimi nobiles, in quibus, sicut in statua, præter nomen nihil est additamenti; Sall. de Rep. Ord. Or. ii. σráλsxos Lysipp. in Dicæarch. Herma stolidissimus; Sidon. Ep. iv. 16. où μὴ φρονήσει, οἱ κενῶν δοξασμάτων πλήρεις πλανᾶσθε; τῇ δ ̓ ὁμιλίᾳ βροτοὺς κρινεῖτε, καὶ τοῖς ἤθεσιν τοὺς εὐγενεῖς ; οἱ γὰρ τοιοῦτοι τὰς πόλεις οἰκοῦσιν εὖ καὶ δώμαθ· αἱ δὲ σάρκες αἱ κιναὶ φρενῶν ἀγάλματ' ἀγορᾶς sií Eur. El. 383 sqq. here alluded to were termes, rough-hewn square stones set upright, and surmounted with a head of Hermes or Mercury. In Greece they were placed before the doors of temples, C. Nep. Alc. 3. and, as at Rome, in the streets and cross-ways. R.VS.

The figures

Nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine, quam quod 55 Illi marmoreum caput est, tua vivit imago.

Dic mihi, Teucrorum proles, animalia muta
Quis generosa putet, nisi fortia? nempe volucrem
Sic laudamus equum, facili cui plurima palma
Fervet et exsultat rauco victoria Circo.

60 Nobilis hic, quocumque venit de gramine, cujus
Clara fuga ante alios et primus in æquore pulvis:
Sed venale pecus Corythæ posteritas et
Hirpini, si rara jugo Victoria sedit.

Nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla
65 Umbrarum: dominos pretiis mutare jubentur
Exiguis tritoque trahunt epiredia collo

55. A marble head. cf. xiii. 115. Mart. XI. Ixi. 8. R.

56. Cf. 42. i. 100. The Julian family claimed descent from Iulus, through whom they would trace their origin to Teucer as follows: Iulus, Æneas, Anchises, Capys, Assaracus, Tros, Erichthonius, Batea, Teucer.

57. Cf. Hor. IV Od. iv. 29 sqq. Mart. VI. xxxviii. 7 sq. R.

Animals, as well as men, had their names, families, and pedigrees. Stat. S. V. ii. 22 sqq. Nemes. 241. (WE, exc. x.) Sil. xvi. 328 sqq. (DR.) R. Hall has here been rather successful in his imitation: "Tell me, thou gentle Trojan, dost thou prize Thy brute beasts' worth by their dam's qualities? Say'st thou this colt shall prove a swift-paced steed, Only because a jennet did him breed? The whiles thou see'st some of thy stallion race, Their eyes bor'd out, masking the miller's maze, Like to the Scythian slave sworne to the payle, Or dragging frothy barrels at their tayle?" IV Sat. iii. G.

58. Stat. S. V. ii. 21 sqq. Colum. vi. 27. Plin. viii. 42. R.

Facili swift,' 'moving easily and rapidly.' iv. 63, note. Virg. Æ. viii. 310. Ov. A. A. i. 160. and V. Flac. i. 109. (BU.) R.

The palms of thousands glow with warm applause.' M. Equi in Circo ad currus juncti, non dubie intellectum adhortationis et gloria fatentur; Plin. vii. 42. (HA.) tantus amor laudum, tantæ est victoria cura; Virg. G. iii. 112. SCH. 59. Whose victory is greeted with

shouts of exultation by the hoarse Circus' LU. (see notes on iii. 65. and 223. PR.) i.e. the spectators in the Circus.' Sil. xvi. 534. R.

Rauco: thus clamosus circus; ix. 144. Mart. X. liii. 1. rauca cohors; vi. 515. rauca vicinia; Hor. I Ep. xvii. 62. R.

61. Speed.' volucremque flu ga prævertitur Eurum; Virg. Æ. i. 321. LU. Equor the level surface' of a plain, as well as of the sea: at prius ignotum ferro quam scindimus æquor; Virg. G. i. 50. LU. Ægyptii et Babylonii in camporum patentium æquoribus habitantes; Cic. de Div. i. 93. PR.

Sunt quos curriculo pulverem Olympicum collegisse juvat; metaque fervidis evitata rotis, palma que nobilis terrarum dominos evehit ad deos; Hor. I Od. i. 3 sqq. PR.

62. Corytha and Hirpinus would seem to be the names of a celebrated broodmare and race-horse of that time. LU.

63. Hirpini veteres qui bene novit avos; Mart. III. lxiii. 12. PR. The following inscriptions are copied from an old stone at Rome, on which are sculptured two prancing horses: (1) Aquilo nepos Aquilonis vicit cxxx, secundas tulit LXXXVIII, tertias tulit XXXVII. (2) Hirpinus nepos Aquilonis vicit CXIV, secundas tulit LVI, tertius tulit XXXVI. LI. 56, note. R.

64. Ibi in their case.' R. 65. Μεταβάλλειν τοὺς δεσπότας Luc. 'Erion. 20. R.

66. Trito galled by the collar.' M. Epiredia: Romani suam hanc fecere vocem ex utraque aliena, ' iì' Græca, et

Segnipedes dignique molam versare Nepotis.
Ergo ut miremur te, non tua, primum aliquid da,
Quod possim titulis incidere præter honores,

70 Quos illis damus et dedimus, quibus omnia debes.
Hæc satis ad juvenem, quem, nobis fama superbum
Tradit et inflatum plenumque Nerone propinquo.
Rarus enim ferme sensus communis in illa
Fortuna. Sed te censeri laude tuorum,

75 Pontice, noluerim, sic ut nihil ipse futuræ
Laudis agas. Miserum est aliorum incumbere famæ,
Ne collapsa ruant subductis tecta columnis.
Stratus humi palmes viduas desiderat ulmos.
Esto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem
80 Integer. Ambiguæ si quando citabere testis

ahabony mimi