Incertæque rei; Phalaris licet imperet, ut sis Summum crede nefas animam præferre pudori Exspectata diu tandem provincia quum te non civium ardor prava jubentium, non vultus instantis tyranni mente quatit solida; Hor. III Od. iii. 1 sqq. LU. Id. I Ep. 73 sqq. R. 81. Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum in Sicily, had a brazen bull' made by Perillus, in which he roasted men alive over a slow fire; and made the first experiment upon the artist himself. Diod. xiii. p. 211. Luc. Phal. 11. R. Pers. iii. 39. LU. cf. vi. 486. 84. Homo natus ad nihil est aliud, quam ad honestatem; Cic. Ac. hominum genus ad honestatem natum; Id. Part. 91. nihil est præstabilius, quam plane intelligi nos ad justitiam natos; Id. de Leg. i. 28. PR. LU. This is the doctrine of the Stoics. Qui voluptatibus, dediti quasi in diem vivunt, vivendi causas quotidie finiunt: qui vero posteros cogitant, et memoriam sui operibus extendunt, his nulla mors non repentina est; Plin. Ep. V. v. 4. is καρπὸς τῆς ἐπιγείου ζωῆς, διάθεσις ὁσία καὶ Tęάğus novavinai M. Anton. vi. Aristoteles ait, hominem ad duas res, ad intelligendum et ad agendum, esse natum, quasi mortalem deum; Cic. Fin. ii. 13. Lampr. Heliog. 5 extr. (CAS.) Pers. iii. 66 sq. (K.) cf. xv. 106 sqq. R. 85. "Life! I profane the word: can those be said To live, who merit death? no; they are dead, Though Gauran oysters load their sumptuous board, And o'er their limbs all Cosmo's sweets be pour'd." G. quis non merito judicet, periisse tales? Plin. H. N. xiii. 3. "Thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead;" Revel. iii. 1. PR. Perhaps the poet had in his mind the confession of Tiberius in note on x. 94. see Tac. A. vi. 6. and Plat. Rep. ix. p. 579. R. In Holy Writ a life of wickedness is constantly spoken of as death, and the wicked as being dead: "Dead in trespasses and sins." Ostrea; iv. 141 sq. PR. 86. Gauran' i. e. 'Lucrine,' VS. from Gaurus (now Gierro') a mountain of Campania near Baia and the Lucrine lake. LU. hac litora, præter cetera in toto mari, conchylio et pisce nobili adnotantur; Plin. H. N. iii. 5. Strab. v. PR. concha Lucrini delicatior stagni ; Mart. V. xxxvii. 3. Cosmus was a celebrated perfumer of those days. Mart. I. lxxxviii. 2. PR. III. lv. Cosmianis fusus ampullis; lxxxii. 26. IX. xxvii. 2. XI. viii. 9. xv. 6. 1. 6. XII. lxv. 4. XIV. lix. 2. R. 'Be plunged.' jam non lini tantum, sed perfundi unguentis gaudent; Plin. xiii. 3. PR. the R. The allies' i. e. 'the inhabitants of province.' VS. Cic. Verr. iv. 35. "The Tartar invasion was mischievous; but it is our protection that destroys India. It was their enmity, but it is our friendship. Young men (boys almost) govern there without society, and without sympathy, with the natives. Animated with all the avarice of age, and all the impetuosity of youth, they roll in, one after another, wave after wave, and there is nothing before the eyes of the natives but an endless, hope 90 Ossa vides regum vacuis exsucta medullis. Respice, quid moneant leges, quid curia mandet, less prospect of new flights of birds of prey and passage, with appetites continually renewing for food, that is continually wasting. Every rupee of profit made by an Englishman is lost for ever to India;" Burke, Speech on the East India Bill, p. 39 sq. ANON. 90. Of kings' (Cic. Verr. and Plut. V. Ant.) and grandees.' (i. 136, note.) R. By hypallage, for vacua exsuctis; M. opposed to which are those, quibus est aliquid plenæ vitale medulle; Calp. v. 115. cf. Hor. Ep. v. 37. (BY.) Pers. vi. 52. (ČAS.) Ov. M. xiv. 208. (H.) oi de τὰ ὀστᾶ γυμνώσαντες ἀκριβῶς καὶ περιτραγόντες, εἴ τις καὶ μυελὸς ἐνῆν, ἐκμυζήσαντες καὶ τοῦτον εὖ μάλα ἐπιμελῶς, ᾤχοντο, αύον αὐτὸν καὶ τὰς ῥίζας ὑποτετμημένον ἀπολιTovrss Luc. Tim. 8. R. 91. Leges ad salutem civium civitatumque incolumitatem, vitamque hominum quietam ac beatam conditas esse constat; Cic. Leg. ii. 11. PR. the Curia the senate,' (literally court house.' Cic. de Or. iii. 42. M.) which assigned the provinces to the several governors. R. 92. Good governors were honoured not only with pecuniary presents, but with temples, festal days, (as those in honour of Marcellus at Syracuse, and of Lucullus at Cyzicus,) statues, triumphal chariots, &c. R. The senate is here compared to Jupiter, wielding its thunders and fulminating its wrath against delinquency: as Augustus is by Ovid, Tr. V. ii. 53. cf. Sil. i. 421. Stat. S. V. ii. 102. xai yàg roùs xaradıxactivτas negavvoolai papír Artemid. Oneir. ii. 3. Lycoph. p. 194. (ME.) R. xvi. 17. 21. 28. 33. Quint. Inst. vi. 1. R. LU. PR. Numitor; cf. vii. 74. PR. No governor of Cilicia bearing this name, is mentioned in history. R. 94. Πειραταί· οἱ κατὰ θάλασσαν και nougyo so called from riga the stratagems and tricks' they practised. Schol. on Aristoph. PR. Of the Cilicians,' who were themselves notorious pirates.' VS. Their piracies were suppressed by Pompey. Plut. V. Pomp. These people were one of the three Cs; rgía nárra xáxiosa' Suid. PR. "What boots it?" G. cf. i. 34 sq. PR. and 47 sqq. FA. Compare this with sop's fable addressed to the Samians ; Arist. Rh. II. xxi. 2. 95. Pansa was a name of the Vibian clan, Natta of the Pinarian: Tac. A. iv. 34. Hor. I S. vi. 124. Pers. iii. 31. Some suppose there is here a covert allusion to the treasury's having seized upon all that Marius was made to refund; note on ii. 47. R. PR. 96. The best thing the provincials can do is to sell their little all: when converted into cash, it can be secreted or removed with more facility.' VS. Præconem; vii. 6. M. Charippus designates some man of good family reduced to beggary: as names compounded with irros belonged to persons of noble birth. 97. If you complain, you will only get out of the frying-pan into the fire.' It is downright madness, (1) not to leave yourself a farthing to pay for your passage over the Styx:' iii. 267, note. or (2) to throw good money after bad, by being at the expence of a voyage to Rome, in order to prosecute the delinquent.' VS. PR. There is a French expression to much the same effect," Il est si pauvre, qu'il n'a pas de quoi passer 93. Cossutianus Capito, son-in-law of Tigellinus (i. 155.) and prefect of Cilicia, was condemned for peculation and extortion. Tac. A. xi. 6. xiii. 33. xiv. 48. freight Non idem gemitus olim neque vulnus erat par l'eau." GR. The meaning of the line corresponds with the English proverb; "Do not throw the haft after the hatchet." G. 98. Gemitus: Uret jag μãλλov To Todo ragà doğar. Arist. Rh. II. ii. 4. Vulnus; Virg. Æ. xii. 160. R. they could better afford to be deprived of superfluities then, than to be stripped of necessaries now.' PR. R. 99. Only conquered, not plundered.' 101. The Spartan military mantle.' The murer was found in great abundance off Cape Tænarus. PR. Plin. ix. 36 s 60. (HA.) xxi. 8. xxxv. 6. Cassiod. Ep. vi. 21. Hor. II Od. xviii. 7. LU. BO, pp. 64. 85. R. Conchylia; iii. 81. PR. Cos, an island in the Egean, was also famous for its purple. M. Hor. IV Od. xiii. 13. (MI.) cf. ii. 65. vi. 260. Plin. v. 31 s 36. xi. 22. 23 s 25—27. (HA.) Tib. II. iii. 53. iv. 29. (HY.) BO, R. note on Her. vii. 99. 376 sq. pp. 102. Parrhasius, who styled himself king of the painters, was a native of Ephesus, and flourished about four centuries before the Christian era. The anecdote of his successful competition with Zeuxis is well-known. Plin. xxxv. 6. 9 sq. Zeuxis luminum umbrarumque invenisse rationem, Parrhasius examinasse subtilius lineas traditur. . . . . molliora supradictis Myron fecit. diligentia ac decor in Polycleto supra ceteros; deorum tumen auctoritatem non explevit. que Polycleto defuerunt Phidias habuit, quanquam diis quam hominibus effingendis melior artifex, &c. Quint. xii. 10. PR. Hor. IV Od. viii. 6 sqq. (MI.) M. Paus. i. 28. Ath. xii. 11. xv. 10. Prop. III. ix. 12. R. Myron, of Eleuthera, among other works executed a bronze heifer, which was so exquisitely wrought as to be often mistaken for a real one. Auson. Ep. lviii-lxviii. PR. Ov. Pont. IV. i. 34. M. Anthol. Gr. Ep. iv. 7. Plin. xxxiv. 8. Paus. i. 23. ii. 30. vi. 2. 8. 13. ix. 30. Petr. 88. Prop. II. xxxi. 7. Cic. Verr. iv. 3. 43. 60. R. He flourished about 440. BC. 103. Phidias, of Athens, lived at the same period, and was patronized by Pericles. His two great works were the colossal figures of Minerva in the Parthenon and of Jupiter Olympius at Elis; which latter was reckoned one of the seven wonders of the world. Anthol. Gr. Ep. i. 54. Mart. III. xxxv. Plin. vii. 38. xxxiv. 3. 8. xxxvi. 6. lvi. 5. Paus. i. 2. 24. 28. vii. 27. Ov. Pont. IV. i. 31. (H. BU.) Cic. Or. 2. V. Max. iii. 7. ext. 4. R. PR. Vivebat; cf. Theocr. xv. 83. Virg. G. iii. 34. E. vi. 848. Prop. II. xxxi. 8. III. ix. 9. V. Flacc. ii. 465 sq. (BU.) Claud. B. Get. 612. (B.) R. Polycletus, of Sicyon, flourished two centuries later; and was reckoned even superior to Phidias. His chef d'œuvre was a statue of one of the body-guards of the Persian king. Æl. V. H. xiv. 8. Paus. ii. 17. 20. 22. 24. 27. iii. 18. vi. 6. 13. viii. 31. Cic. Brut. 86. Plin. xxxiv. 8. R. PR. 104. Labor; cf. V. Flacc. i. 143. Mart. IX. xlv. Æsch. P. 757. (BL.) Nicet. t. ii. p. 40. 368. (BOI.) R. Mentor, a sculptor, who was famous for his skill in carving and embossing cups. Plin. vii. 38. xxxiii. 11 sq. s 53 and 55. Mart. III. xli. IX. lx. 16. XI. xii. 5. Cic. Ver. iv. 18. (GRÆ. ER.) Prop. I. xiv. 2. III. ix. 13. R. 105. Cicero, speaking of the danger of separating the utile from the honestum, says hinc furta, peculatus, expilationes direptionesque sociorum et civium nascuntur; &c. Off. iii. 9. R. The criminals are here put for the Sacrilegus Verres. Referebant navibus altis Nunc sociis juga pauca boum, grex parvus equarum, Si quis in ædicula Deus unicus. Hæc etenim sunt Despicias merito. Quid resinata juventus effeminate 115 Cruraque totius facient tibi levia gentis ? Dolabella: there were three depredators of this name; (1) Cn. Corn. Dolabella, consularis et triumphalis vir, impeached by Cæsar for extortion, as proconsul of Macedonia, but acquitted. Suet. Cæs. 4. Cic. Pis. 19. Brut. 92. (2) Cn. Dolabella Prætor of Cilicia, accused by M. Scaurus, and found guilty of a like offence. Cic. Ver. i. 4. 15—17. 37 sq. (ER.) and (3) P. Corn. Dolabella, Cicero's son-inlaw and governor of Syria, of whom his father-in-law speaks thus: cum hoc hoste bellandum est, cujus teterrima crudelitate omnis barbaria superata est. quid loquar de cæde civium Romanorum? de direptione fanorum? quis est, qui pro rerum atrocitate deplorare tantas calamitates queat ? et nunc tota Asia vagatur, volitat ut rex; nos alio bello distineri putat; Phil. xi. 2. cf. Dio xlii. 29. xlvii. 29. R. C. Antonius, proconsul of Achaia, was found guilty of extortion and treason and expelled from the senate; he was restored by the next censors, and became Cicero's colleague in the consulship. Cic. Col. 31. Vat. 11. Sall. B. C. 21. R. 106. C. Verres, prætor of Sicily, impeached by Cicero, and condemned for extortion. Act. II. iv. R. Siculi jam ne Deos quidem in suis urbibus, ad quos confugiant habent; quod eorum simulacra sanctissima C. Verres ex delubris religiosissimis sustulit. It is satisfactory to find that at last he fell a sacrifice to the same detestable rapacity for which he is here stigmatized; being proscribed by M. Antony, who took a fancy to his Sicilian rarities, and could not obtain them by fair means. G. 107. The last syllable of occulta is made long before the two consonants; as in ferte citi ferrum, date tela, scandite muros; Virg. Æ. ix. 37. PR. They called them spoils,' and yet dared not show them. GR. M. More plunder from peaceful provinces, than others from hostile countries.' GR. ignavissimi homines per summum scelus omnia ex sociis adimere, quæ fortissimi viri victores hostibus reliquerunt; Sall. B. C. 12. 108. Sil. iii. 463. Virg. Æ. i. 185. R. 109. So that there is no longer a possibility of making good their losses. GR. 111. In a niche.' R. The integrity of the following lines is doubted. 112. "Mean spoils indeed! but such were now their best." G. Summis is used absolutely, marima relatively. 113. You may not be very wrong in your notion, that the Greeks, being so effeminate, may be plundered with impunity.' Rhodes; vi. 296. Strab. xiv. Plin. v. 31 s 36. Pind. Ol. vii. Gell. vii. 3. Plut. Op. t. ii. p. 525. B. Ath. xiii. 2. PR. R. Uncta Tarentus; Sidon. v. 430. mollis; Hor. II S. iv. 34. cf. Sil. xii. 18. (DR.) R. Corinth was a city, which, from its commercial advantages, acquired immense wealth and subsequently became notorious for every species of luxury and debauchery. cf. Hor. I Ep. xvii. 36. Gell. i. 8. Mart. X. lxv. E, ̃Ad. IV. iv. 68. R. 114. Resina omnis oleo dissolvitur, aut creta, pudetque confiteri, maximam jam honorem ejus esse in evellendis ab virorum corporibus pilis; Plin. xiv. 20. PR. 115. Levia opposed to horrida. cf. ii. 11 sq. R. Horrida vitanda est Hispania, Gallicus axis, 120 Quum tenues nuper Marius discinxerit Afros? spher Curandum in primis, ne magna injuria fiat Fortibus et miseris. Tollas licet omne, quod usquam est Si tibi sancta cohors comitum, si nemo tribunal 116. You must beware of meddling with.' VS. Gallicus auis the clime of Gaul: either because it was nearer the pole than Rome, or because the natives fought from chariots. LU. Cæs. B. G. i. 51. R. 117. Illyria was a tract of land (including the modern Dalmatia and Sclavonia) extending along the eastern shores of the Adriatic. The ferocity of its inhabitants may be learnt from Flor. ii. 5. 13. PR. Ov. Her. xii. 27. (H.) Liv. x. 2. xl. 42. xlii. 26. xliv. 27. R. 6 These reapers' are the natives of Africa, VS. from which Rome derived its principal supply of corn. Plin. v. 4. PR. Thus messor Arabs; Mart. III. lxv. 5. R. 118. Manus movere maluerunt in theatro et circo, quam in segetibus ac vinetis: frumentum locamus, qui nobis advehat, qui saturi fiamus, ex Africa et Sardinia; Varr. R. R. GR. This is a satirical periphrasis for Rome. cf. x. 80 sq. LU. iii. 223. PR. xi. 53. plebs sordida et circo ac theatris sueta; Tac. H. i. 4. R. Vacantem ludo; Rutil. Itin. i. 377. (WE.) R. : 120. Cf. i. 47 sqq. LU. and v. 95. R. The Africans wore little more than girdles and in girdles money used to be carried; xiv. 297. The poet, in using this verb, alludes to the epithet discincti applied to the Africans by Virgil; E. viii. 724. GR. cf. Sil. ii. 56. vii. 153. viii. 34. and ER, Cl. Cic. R. vii. 149. x. 148. PR. 122. Compare with omne quod usquam est auri atque argenti, τοῖσι οὔτε χρυσοῦ ἐχόμενόν ἐστι οὐδὲν οὔτε ἀργύρου Her. v. 49. 125. Is not a random sentiment of mine : or merely a sententious phrase.' VS. M. 126. The Cumæan Sibyl wrote her predictions on palm leaves. FA. iii. 3. vii. 101. cf. Virg. Æ. iii. 445. vi. 74 sq. PR. vi. 554. Plin. xiii. 11. (HA.) hæc tibi non hominem, sed quercus crede Pelasgas dicere; Ov. A. A. ii. 541. R. 127. The cohors comitum were the persons composing the governor's staff and suite. Tribunal' your decisions as magistrate.' FA. 128. A favourite boy with locks unshorn' in imitation of Apollo or Bacchus. (å xeígu xóμnv.) PR. Pind. P. iii. 26. Conjuge. The avarice and rapacity of the women who followed their husbands to their governments, had long ere this become a serious subject of complaint. Before the time of Augustus, the women rarely, if ever, went abroad: that uxorious emperor took Livia with him in most of his expeditions, and his example seems to have had a pernicious effect; for in the succeeding reign, the custom was grown so common, and so oppressive to the provinces, that Severus Cæcina made a motion in the senate, ne quem magistratum, cui provincia obvenisset, uxor comitaretur. Tacitus observes, that the senate did not meet the question fairly; out of |