50 +Non propter vitam faciunt patrimonia quidam+
+Sed vitio cæci propter patrimonia vivunt.†
Jactatur rerum utilium pars maxima: sed nec
Damna levant. Tunc, adversis urguentibus, illuc
Recidit, ut malum ferro submitteret, ac se
55 Explicat angustum. Discriminis ultima, quando
Præsidia afferimus navem factura minorem.
I nunc et ventis animam committe, dolato
Confisus ligno, digitis a morte remotus
Quatuor aut septem, si sit latissima tæda!
60 Mox cum reticulis et pane et ventre lagenæ
Adspice sumendas in tempestate secures.

Sed postquam jacuit planum mare, tempora postquam
Prospera vectoris fatumque valentius Euro

50 sq. These lines are condemned by BY. and defended by ACH. The two preceding lines also are objected to by G. For quidam we should probably read quique. R. punk

Most men mistake the means for the end. cf. viii. 84, xi. 11, notes. où yàg οὕτω τοῦ πλουτεῖν ἐρῶσιν, ὡς τοῦ διὰ τὸ πλουτεῖν εὐδαιμονίζεσθαι. καὶ οὕτω δὲ ἔχει, μηδὲν ὄφελος εἶναι περικαλλοὺς οἰκίας τῷ οἰκοῦντι, μηδὲ χρυσοῦ καὶ ἐλέφαντος, εἰ μή τις αὐτὰ θαυμάζοι Luc. Nigr. 23. R.

53. After levant we must either understand navem (cf. Virg. E. i. 145. HK.) or discrimen, as damna is the nominative. R.

54. Recidit: cf. Liv. xliii. 6. (GRO. DR.) Tac. An. iii. 59. and Suet. Claud. 9. (ER.) Ov. Her. xiv. 46. and Claud. B. G. 44. (H.) The syllable re- is common when prefixed to verbs beginning with a consonant, and short when it precedes a consonant inserted to avoid hiatus, as redeo redoleo, &c. Prop. IV. viii. 44. (H. BK.) Sil. i. 309. (DR.) Manil. i. p. 48. and Prop. II. xxiv. (JS.) R. It came to that pass.' M.

To the axe.' M.

57. I nunc; vi. 306. Sen. Med. 650. R.

Ventis. cf. Hor. I Od. iii. 9-24. M. Prop. III. vii. 29 sqq. Ov. Am. iii. 2. and Phædr. IV. vi. 8. (BU.) Grat. p. 45. (B.) Sen. Med. 304. R.

58. "Trust to a plank, and draw precarious breath, At most, seven inches from the jaws of death !” G. Anacharsis, on hearing τέτταρας δακτύλους εἶναι τὸ πάχος τῆς νεώς, observed τοσοῦτον θανάτου τοὺς πλέοντας ἀπέχειν· Laert. i. SCH. Hence a ship is called τριδάκτυλον ξύλον πεύκινον· D. Chrys. Οr. lxiv. ὀλίγον δὲ διὰ ¿úλov "Aïd igúns Arat. Phoen. 300. parva materia sejungit fata; Sen. Contr. iii. potuit tenui fidere ligno, inter vitæ mortisque vias nimium gracili limite ducto; Sen. Med. 306 sqq. cf. xiv. 288. Ov. Am. II. xi. 25 sqq. Anth. Gr. t. ii. pt. 2. p. 55. (JA.) R. On the other hand, it has been wisely remarked, erras si navigatione tantum existimas minimum esse, quo a morte vita diducitur; in omni loco æque tenue intervallum est; Sen. Ep. G. 59. Tada the deal.' VS.

60. With wallets;' Hor. I S. i. 47. Pers. v. 140. LU.

61. Look after,'' provide.' PR.

62. Jacuit is opposed to surrexit: cf. Virg. E. ii. 26. (HY.) Sil. v. 583. (H.) R. xuμa' a wave' is akin to the Hebrew to rise.'

63. The destinies (iii. 27. ix. 135 sq. PR. x. 252. M.) were more mighty than

the deities: Sil. v. 76. 406. R.

קובקים

קים

Et pelago, postquam Parcæ meliora benigna
65 Pensa manu ducunt hilares et staminis albi
Lanificæ, modica nec multum fortior aura
Ventus adest: inopi miserabilis arte cucurrit
Vestibus extentis et, quod superaverat unum,
Velo prora suo. Jam deficientibus Austris,
70 Spes vitæ cum sole redit: tum gratus Iulo,
Atque novercali sedes prælata Lavino,
Conspicitur sublimis apex, cui candida nomen
Scrofa dedit, lætis Phrygibus mirabile sumen
Et numquam visis triginta clara mamillis.
75 Tandem intrat positas inclusa per æquora moles
Tyrrhenamque Pharon porrectaque brachia rursum,
Quæ pelago occurrunt medio longeque relinquunt

65. The phrase ducere pensa alludes to the action of the spinster, who draws' the wool, or flax, from the distaff as she spins it; this she continues, till the task' assigned her is finished. cf. Hor. III Od. xxvii. 63. M.

'Cheerful.' M. cf. Tib. III. iii. 35. (BK. HY.) Sil. i. 281. R.

It was a poetical fiction that the Fates spun 'white' or black yarn' according as a mortal's lot was prosperous or adverse. ultima volventes orabat pensa sorores, ut traherent parva stamina pulla mora; Mart. IV. lxxiii. 3 sq. LU. si mihi lanificæ ducunt non pulla sorores stamina; VI. lviii. 7 sq. PR. Hor. II Od. iii. 16. R.

67. In piteous plight she made her way by a poor contrivance.' M. See notes on avaynatos Thuc. ii. 70. v. 8. vi. 37. by Bloomfield.

68. With the crew's garments spread out to catch the breeze.' LU. cf. Tac. An. ii. 24. R.

Superare is used for superesse. PR. solus superabat Acestes; Virg. Æ. v. 519. M.

69. The fore-sail,' M. which was called dolon; the main-sail was artemon, and the mizzen-sail epidromus. PR.

The south winds' were very violent on the coasts of Italy. cf. Hor. I S. i. 6. III Od. iii. 4 sq. I Od. iii. 14-16. M.

70. Thus Neptune collectas fugat nubes solemque reducit; Virg. Æ. i. 143. R.

Creusa, who left Lavinum (now Citta
Lavinia') to his step-mother Lavinia. VS.
FA. PR. Liv. i. 1. 3. Virg. Æ. i. 2. 267
sqq. and Tib. II. v. 49. (HY.) R. Though
twenty miles from the coast, it formed a
conspicuous land-mark. G.

72. Cf. Virg. Æ. iii. 388 sqq. viii. 42
sqq. 81 sqq. (HY.) Varr. R. R. ii. 4.
LU. PR. R.

73. Cf. vi. 177, note. M.

Thirty teats with a pig at each.' M.

75. Portum Ostia exstruxit, circumducto dextra sinistraque brachio, et ad introitum profundo jam solo mole objecta, quam quo stabilius fundaret, navem ante demersit, qua magnus obeliscus ex Ægypto fuerat advectus, congestisque pilis superposuit altissimam turrim in exemplum Alexandrini Phari, ut ad nocturnos ignes cursum navigia dirigerent; Suet. Claud. 20. This grand undertaking employed 30,000 labourers for eleven years. LU. cf. V. Flac. vii. 84 sqq. (BU.) R. Dio gives a very rational account of the motives which induced Claudius to execute this stupendous work; which seems to have been highly necessary for ensuring the regular supplies of Rome. G. cf. Tac An. i. 18.

76. Cf. vi. 83. PR. WE, on P. M. t. v. p. 120. 149. Ov. M. xi. 393. xiii. 903.

R.

71. Alba Longa, iv. 61, note, was Rursum on her return,' M. or founded by Iulus, the son of Æneas and further' i. e. than the light-house. GR.

still

މ

Italiam. Non sic igitur mirabere portus,
Quos natura dedit. Sed trunca puppe magister
80 Interiora petit Baianæ pervia cymbæ

Tuti stagna sinus. Gaudent ibi vertice raso
Garrula securi narrare pericula nautæ.

Ite igitur, pueri, linguis animisque faventes
Sertaque delubris et farra imponite cultris
85 Ac molles ornate focos glebamque virentem :
Jam sequar et sacro, quod præstat, rite peracto,
Inde domum repetam, graciles ubi parva coronas
Accipiunt fragili simulacra nitentia cera.
Hic nostrum placabo Jovem Laribusque paternis

81. Habet præteriti doloris secura recordatio delectationem: ceteris vero nulla perfunctis propria molestia, casus autem alienos sine ullo dolore intuentibus etiam ipsa misericordiu est jucunda; Cic. Ep. Dio v. 12. PR. dú coι owlivra μeμvñola Tóvwv Eur. And. fr. x. 2. cƒ. Sen. Ep. 78. Macr. vii. 2. R. forsan et hæc olim meminisse juvabit; Virg. Æ. i. 207. Lucr. ii. 1 sqq. Hom. Od. o 399 sq. Arist. Rh. I. xi. 3.

"With shaven crowns." G. It was the custom in distress at sea to invoke the aid of the deities; Jonah i. 5. often with the addition of a solemn vow to cut off the hair and offer it as an acknowledgement of preservation. When St Paul says "There shall not an hair of your head perish," Acts xxvii. 34. he may allude to this custom as if he had said "You need not shave and devote your hair, for you shall be preserved without doing so.” Μ. δοκῶ δέ μοι οὐκ ἀλόγως ἂν καὶ ξυρήσασθαι τὴν κεφαλὴν, ὥσπερ οἱ ἐκ τῶν ναυαγιῶν ἀποσωθέντες ἐλεύθεροι Luc. Hermot. 86. Anth. Gr. vi. 21. ep. 1. Artem. Oneir. i. 23. Petr. 63. PTR, Arch. Gr. iii. 20. iv. 5. R. It was anciently supposed that the gods would accept life for life, that the voluntary devotement of one person would preserve another from impending fate; FA. (cf. Eur. Alc. Macr. iii. 9. A. PR.) absolute forgiveness was deemed no attribute of the heathen divinities. As the world grew older, it grew more foolish it imagined that the gods might be shuffled off with somewhat less than full payment; and this persuasion gave rise to a thousand absurdities, such as the maiming and

Gaououod!

wounding still practised in barbarous
countries, the sacrifice of some personal
beauty, the vowing of hecatombs, &c. &c.
The hair was usually cherished with ex-
treme care and affection, and therefore
was not thought unworthy to be tendered
in a calamity like this, as a vicarious offer- ‹
ing for the life. This is perhaps the true
history of these vows. G. Pers.iii. 106, note.

83. Rebus divinis quæ publice fierent, ut faverent linguis imperabatur; Cic. de Div. i. 102. ib. ii. 83. PR. Hor. III Od. i. 2. ore favete omnes; Virg. Æ. v. 71. M. siqnμsirs silence! attention!' sinus is to utter words of good omen,' and (that words of ill omen may not escape) 'to observe a reverential silence.' MIT. cf. Theoph. Ch. xix. 3. (CAS.) Hor. III Od. i. 2. xiv. 11. (MI.) Tib. II. i. 84. ii. 1. (HY.) R. Eur. Hec. 528-531.

84. Garlands.' cf. 91. vi. 51. ix. 85. Hom. II. A 39. Virg. Æ. iv. 459. R. delubra deúm festa velamus fronde; Id. ii. 248 $q. M.

The fire, the head of the victim, and
the sacrificial knife were sprinked with
the sacred meal, which was a mixture
of flour, salt, and water. PR. (salsæ
fruges; Virg. Æ. ii. 133.) Hence the
word immolor. M.

85. Cf. v. 2. LU. Hor. I Od. xix. 13.
(MI.) R.
86. In due form.' Hor. I Od. xxxii.
16. IV. iv. 25. vi. 37. xv. 28. R.

88. Cf. notes on x. 55. PR. ix. 137
sqq. R. renidentes lares; Hor. Ep. ii. 66.
They were partly made of wax.' LU.
Brittle; or
easily moulded;' Ov.
M. xv. 169. ACH.

89. Cf. Pers. v. 31. LU. viii. 14, note

a

оны

90 Thura dabo atque omnes violæ jactabo colores.
Cuncta nitent longos erexit janua ramos
Et matutinis operatur festa lucernis.

Nec suspecta tibi sint hæc, Corvine. Catullus,
Pro cujus reditu tot pono altaria, parvos

95 Tres habet heredes. Libet exspectare, quis ægram
Et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico
Tam sterili. Verum hæc nimia est impensa: coturnix
Nulla umquam pro patre cadet. Sentire calorem
Si cœpit locuples Gallita et Paccius orbi,

100 Legitime fixis vestitur tota tabellis

6

PR. viii. 110 sq. M. ix. 137 sqq. Hor.
I Od, xxxvi. 2. III. xxiii. 3. R.
90. Besides the purple and the white
violet,' there is the viola tricolor (of Lin-
næus) or pansy :'
"And maidens call
it love-in-idleness;" Shaksp. Mids.
N. Dr. II. ii. the name which it retains
in the south of Hampshire. The flower
there known by the name of hearts-
ease' is the pallens viola of Virgil, E. x.
47. cheiranthus cheiri (of Linnæus) or
yellow wallflower.' May it not be that
"little western flower," amid whose
blossoms Pindar imbedded the infant
Iamus? ἀλλ' ἐγκέκρυπτο γὰρ σχοίνῳ
βατίᾳ τ' ἐν ἀπειράτῳ, ἴων ξανθαῖσι καὶ
παμπορφύροις ἀκτῖσι βεβρεγμένος ἁβρὸν
σῶμα· Ul. vi. 89-93.

Cf. Pers. v. 182. (CAS.) Virg. E. ii. 47. v. 38. x. 39. (VO.) R.

91. Cf. vi. 51. 79. R. 92. Matutinis, sarcastically, when lamps are perfectly needless. LU.

Operatur (1) is busily engaged:' cf. Tib. II. i. 65. iii. 36. and Virg. G. i. 339. (HY.) Hor. III Od. xiv. 16. (BY. JN.) R. Or (2) My gate celebrates the festivities.' LU. cf. ix. 117. Virg. E.

iii. 77. M.

In public and private rejoicings lamps were suspended to the doors, windows, and trees. cf. Sen. Ep. 96. Pers. v. 180 sq. (CAS.) nec lucernis diem infringimus; Tertull. Apol. PR. Tac. An. iii. 9. Capell. p. 31. (GROT.) R. This solemn lighting of lamps was, undoubtedly, the primal indication of idolatry; the first profane ceremony which took place when men fell from worshipping the Father of Light, to the adoration of the noblest material object, the sun, of which those

artificial fires were the most obvious symbol. The institution itself, that of the Festival of Lamps, shows the universality of this specious worship; as it would be difficult to point out a region, in which it has not, at one period or other, prevailed. It extends even now, though the origin and object of it have been forgotten for ages, over more than half the habitable globe. The Christians continued it after their conversion from paganism: sed luceant, inquit (Christus) opera vestra: at nunc lucent tabernæ et junu nostræ : plures jam invenies Ethnicorum fores sine lucernis et laureis quam Christianorum. Tertull. The transition of this illumination, from a mark of veneration to a simple type of joy and festivity, is neither singular nor difficult to explain. G. DD.

95. Καινὴν γάρ τινα ταύτην τέχνην ἐπι vεvonxats, yeaŵv xai yegóvtwv igãvres, xai μάλιστα εἰ ἄτεκνοι εἶεν· οἱ δὲ ἔντεκνοι ὑμῖν åvigarro Luc. D. Mort. vi. 3. R.

1 should be glad to see.' M. 96. Cf. xiii. 233. R.

97. Sterili, (vii. 49.) ironically and equivocally; for the more prolific, the less productive is he. BRI. R.

Not even a common quail for one that is a father!' LU. Varr. R. R. III. v. 17. Plin. x. 23 s 33. (HA.) R.

Porticus exsistunt, qui promittant hecatomben,
Quatenus hic non sunt nec venales elephanti
Nec Latio aut usquam nostro sub sidere talis
Belua concipitur; sed furva gente petita
105 Arboribus Rutulis et Turni pascitur agro
Cæsaris armentum, nulli servire paratum
Privato siquidem Tyrio parere solebant
Hannibali et nostris ducibus regique Molosso
Horum majores ac dorso ferre cohortes,

110 Partem aliquam belli et euntem in prœlia turrim.
Nulla igitur mora per Novium, mora nulla per Histrum
Pacuvium, quin illud ebur ducatur ad aras
Et cadat ante lares Gallitæ, victima sola
Tantis digna Deis et captatoribus horum.
115 Alter enim, si concedas mactare, vovebit

101. Hecatombs were only offered on the most solemn and urgent occasions. A hundred altars were erected, and a hundred victims simultaneously sacrificed. The victims properly were oxen, but might also be sheep, goats, or any other animals. Emperors are said to have sometimes offered a hundred lions, or a hundred eagles. A. RH. 'Exaтóμßn. cf. Soph. Tr. 762. (HP.) Herod. i. n. 107, LA. R.

102. Elephants' (x. 150.) were first seen at Rome, in the war with Pyrrhus, A. U. 472. Plin. viii. 6. PR.

103. On the other hand we read of terras alio calentes sole; Hor. II Od. xvi. 18. R.

104. Concipitur is generated' but see Colum. III. viii. 3. R.

Furva; Ov. M. iii. 273. (H.) R. cf. xi. 125 sq. PR.

105. Ardea was the capital of Turnus king of the Rutuli. PR. A herd was also kept in the Tiburtine land: Mart.

IV. lxii. VII. xii. R.

106. Domitian kept this herd for the purpose of the games. PR. Plin. viii. 2. 7. Suet. Cæs. 37. Dio xlix. p. 574, 23. (FB.) R. Casa, in the Punic tongue, signified an elephant.' SV.

107. Privato; vi. 114, note. R. Carthage was founded by Dido with a Tyrian' colony. FA.

To obey.' Plin. viii. 7. Q. Curt. PR. 108. Hannibal; x. 158. VS.

'Our generals.' Curius Dentatus was the first who led elephants in triumph. L. Metellus and others did the like. GR. Metellus exhibited no fewer than two hundred and four of these animals, after his victory over Asdrubal. M. Plin. viii. 6. R. L. Scipio, Pompey's father-in-law, employed thirty of them in battle against Cæsar. App. B. C. ii. 96. PR.

Pyrrhus king of Epirus, VS. of which country the Molossians were a people. In that Tarentine war, elephantos Italia primum vidit et boves Lucas appellavit, in Lucanis visos A. U. CCCCLXXII; Plin. viii. 6. LU. Just. xviii. 1. PR.

109. A cohort ;' i. 58. GR.

110. Cf. Cæs. Comm. Ælian. Philostr. 1 Maccab. vi. 34 sqq. S. Ambros. Hex.

vi. 5. PR.