Translate the passage:

"Ut-eode se sædere his sæd to sawenne: and pa he seow, sum feoll wið þone weg, and fugelas comon, and hit fræton. Sum feoll ofer stan-scylian, þar hit næfde mycele eorɣan, and sona úp-eode; forpam hit næfde eorðan þiccnesse. Da hit úp-eode, seo sunne hit forswælde, and hit for-scranc; forpam hyt wyrt-ruman næfde."

2. What are commonly known as the Romance languages? Distinguish between the styles of poetry in the Langue d'oïl and the Langue d'oc. Which of these has most influenced English?

Translate:

3.

Phelippes a mandé le sage gent lontaine,
les bons augureors a fait querre d'Espaigne,
devins et sages clers communalment amaine.
premiers i est venus Aristotes d'Ataine;
quant furent asanlé, une cambre en fu plaine.
tout le songe lor conte, et cescuns d'aus se paine
de respondre le roi boine raison certaine.

Contrast the writings of Chaucer and Langland as regards their style, language, and subject-matter. What is contained in Petrarch's "proheme" to the tale of "Grisildes"? Sketch the plots of the ballads of "Childe Waters" and "The Not-brown Mayd."

4. Write out, in modern English prose, the following passages from the Clerkes Tale, with notes on the etymology or grammar of the words italicized:

(a) A coroun on hir heed thay han i-dressed,

And set hir ful of nowches gret and smale;

Of hir array what schuld I make a tale?
Unnethe the poeple hir knew for hir fairnesse,
Whan sche translated was in such richesse. (pt. ii.)
(b) Though thyn array be badde, and ille byseye,
Do thou thy dever atte leste weye. (pt. vi.)
(c) O stormy poeple, unsad and ever untrewe,
And undiscret, and chaunging as a fane,
Delytyng ever in rombel that is newe,

For lik the moone ay waxe ye and wane;

Ay full of clappyng, dere y-nough a jane-(id.)

5. Explain the following words, giving (where you can) their derivations-flokmel, herburgage, undern, threisshfold, to-race, herie, importable, countretayle, chamayle, adventayle, Chichivache. Explain the phrases :-hath doon yow kepe-but it be falle of newe--yvel apayed-it is no nay-it is no drede--on lyve.

6. What allusions to the Squyeres Tale are made by Milton, and by Spenser? Sketch Spenser's account of the wooing of Canace.

Sketch briefly a continuation of this tale, either as imagined by Tyrwhitt, or in your own way.

7. Write out, in modern English prose, the following passages from the Squyeres Tale, with notes on the words italicized.

(a) The hors of bras, that may nať be remewed,

It stant, as it were to the ground i-glewed;
Ther may no man out of the place it dryve
For noon engyn of wyndas or polyve;

And cause why, for they can nought the craft (173). (b) As lewed people demeth comunly (213).

(c) For in the fissch her lady sat ful heyghe (265).
(d) The styward byt the spices for to hye (283).
(e) That sowneth unto gentilesse of love. (ii. 171.)
But soth is sayd, go sithens many a day. (ii. 190.)
(g) Sith Lameth was, that alther first bygan

To loven two. (ii. 204.)

8. Explain the phrases:-"chambre of parementz," and "seint Johan to borwe;" and the allusions in "the Grekissch hors Synon," "Telophus the kyng," and "Gaweyn with his olde curtesye." What other reading would you propose instead of "Grekissch"?

9. Explain the words :-heroun-sewes, wem, gauren, for-druye, lydne, enchesoun, peregryn, tideves, tercelettes.

IO. Scan the lines:

Deth may make no comparisoun. (Cl. T. pt. iv.)
And sche the moste servisable of alle. (Cl. T. pt. vi.)
Unnethe aboute hir mighte thay abide. (id.)

Telle what womman it schulde be. (Cl. T. pt. ii.) And for the foules that sche herde syng. (Sq. T. ii. 52.) Give your reasons for your method of pronouncing the above words, wherever you make an alteration from the modern practice. Write out, in modern English prose, the following passage: pus I wente wyden wher Dowel to seche;

II.

And as I wente bi a wode walkyng myn one,

Blisse of pe briddes made me to abyde,

And vnder a lynde, vppon a launde leonede I a stounde,
For to leorne pe layes pat louely foules maden.
Blisse of pe briddes brouzten me a slepe;
Pe meruiloste meetynge mette I me penne,

I.

pat euere dremede driht in drecchynge, I wene.
A muche mon, me pouhte lyk to my-seluen,
Com and clepede me be my kuynde nome.

LANGLAND'S PIERS PLOWMAN; Passus 1x. 11. 53-62.
(earliest version).

CHAUCER. NONNE PRESTES TALE,

AND MANCIPLES TALE.

During what period do you suppose Chaucer to have been engaged in writing the Canterbury Tales, and what were the chief incidents of this portion of his life?

Give an account of the events alluded to in the lines:
Certes he Jakke Straw, and his meyne,

Ne maden never schoutes half so schrille,
Whan that thay wolden eny Flemyng kille,

As thilke day was maad upon the fox. (N. P. Ta. 574.) Corroborate the allusion to the "schoutes" from the Chroniclers. What event subsequent to this is mentioned in the Canterbury Tales?

2. (1) Conjugate fully the verbs conne, mot, witen, schal, wil, as found in Chaucer. (2) Specify the cases in which the final e in Chaucer is mute.

3. In Marsh's History of the English Language, the author, speaking of the Canterbury Tales, says: "Wherever the narrators appear in their own persons, the characters are as well marked and discriminated and as consistent in action as in the best comedies of modern times," and again, "Chaucer was a dramatist before the existing drama was invented." Hazlitt remarks, "Chaucer's characters are narrative, Shakespeare's dramatic." Discuss these observations, taking the Host and any one of the pilgrims for illustrations.

4. Explain the difficulties, and comment on the peculiarities of form, or of grammar, in the portions of the following passages which are in italics:

For sicurly, ner gingling of the bellis

That on your bridil hong on every syde,
By heven king, that for us alle dyde,
I schold er this han falle doun for sleep,
Although the slough had never ben so deep;
Than had your tale have be told in vayn.
For certeynly, as these clerkes sayn,

Wher as a man may have noon audience,
Nought helpith it to tellen his sentence.
And wel I wot the substance is in me,
If eny thing schal wel reported be.

Sir, say somwhat of huntyng, I you pray. (N. P. Prol.)
His vois was merier than the mery orgon,
On masse dayes that in the chirche goon;
Wel sikerer was his crowyng in his logge,
Than is a clok, or an abbay orologge.
By nature knew he ech ascencioun
Of equinoxial in thilke toun;

For whan degrees fyftene were ascendid,
Thanne crewe he, that it might not ben amendid.

At what hour was it that Chanteclere crowed?

(N. P. Ta. 31.)

Lo Catoun, which that was so wis a man. (N. P. Ta. 120.) Who was the "Catoun" here mentioned? When did he live, and what did he write? Quote an instance of polite falsehood on the part of the Nonne Prest.

5.

Give some account of Macrobius, "Boece" and "Genilon." 6. At what part of the journey and at what hour is the Man ciple's tale told? What had happened on the way? What were a Manciple's functions? What is said of the Manciple in the Prologue? Whence is this tale taken? Give the outline of it from the original.

7. Paraphrase the following, explaining anything noteworthy in the parts in italics:

So God my soule blesse,
As ther is falle on me such hevynesse,

Not I nought why, that me were lever slepe,
Than the beste galoun wyn that is in Chepe.

(Manc. Prol.)

Hold clos thy mouth, man, by thy fader kynne!
The devel of helle sette his foot therinne!
Thy cursed breth enfecten wil us alle.
Fy, stynkyng swyne! foule mot the falle!
A! takith heed, sires, of this lusty man.
Now, swete sir, wol ye joust atte fan?

Therto, me thinkith, ye beth right well i-schape,
I trowe that ye dronken han wyn of ape,

And that is whan men playen with a straw. (Manc. Prol.)
Allas! a thousand folk hath racle ire

Fordoon, or Dun hath brought hem in the myre. (Manc. Ta.)
My sone, fro a feend men may hem blesse.
My sone, God of his endeles goodnesse
Wallid a tongue with teeth, and lippes eek,
For man schal him avyse what he speek.
My sone, ful ofte for to mochil speche
Hath many a man be spilt, as clerkes teche;
But for a litil speche avisily

Is no man schent, to speke generally.
My sone, thy tonge scholdest thou restreigne
At alle tyme, but whan thou dost thy peyne
To speke of God in honour and prayere.
The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lere,
Is to restreigne and kepe wel thy tonge;
Thus lerne clerkes, whan that thay ben yonge.
My sone, of mochil speking evel avised,
Ther lasse speking had y-nough suffised,

Cometh mochil harm; thus was me told and taught;
In mochel speche synne wantith nought.
Wost thou wherof a racle tonge serveth?
Right as a swerd for-kutteth and for-kerveth
An arm atuo, my dere sone, right so
A tonge cutteth frendschip al atuo.

A jangler is to God abhominable. (Manc. Ta.)
Ther is withinne this world no nightingale

Ne couthe by an hundred thousand del

Singe so wonder merily and wel. (Manc. Ta.)

8. What is the derivation and signification of the word "del"? Explain its meaning here, and in the compounds of it used by Chaucer. Explain also our phrase "a great deal." Illustrate the above use of the word "wonder."

Todd, referring to the words "the mery orgon" given in question 4, says that mery, in Chaucer, means what is pleasant without reference to mirth. Discuss this, and also the question raised by Coleridge as to whether the weight of poetical authority is in favour of calling the nightingale's note merry or melancholy.

9. Explain the words: tamyd, daswen, capil, bourde, jape, a flo, wantrust, wlatsom, pose, bytake, awayt; and the phrases: a maner deye, a botel hay.

What are the derivations of "meschief," "abhominable," "eftsones," "bachiler"?