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prove that it was not lawful at the commanded he should be brought beginning. Ergo it was not ordained to his bed side, and he being there, by God, for God doth nothing with-shewed him the king's pleasure was out a due order, therefore it is not to be doubted, but if the presumptions be true, which they do allege to be most true, then the conjunction was nor could not be of God. Therefore I say to you, my lord of Rochester, ye know not the truth, unless ye cau avoid their presumptions by just reasons. Then, quoth doctor Ridley, it is a shame and a great dishonour to this honourable presence that any such presumption should be alleged in this open court, which be too detestable to be rehearsed what (quoth my lord cardinal) Domine doctor magis reverenter? No, no, my lord (quoth he) there belongeth no reverence to be given to this matter, for an unreverent matter would be unreverently answered: and there they left and proceeded forth with other matter,

Thus the court passed from session to session, and day to day, that at a certain day of their session, the king sent for my lord cardinal to come to him to Bridewell, who to accomplish his commandment went to him, and being there with him in communication in his privy chamber from eleven unto twelve of the clock at noon and past, my lord cardinal departed from the king, and took his barge from the Black Friars, and went to his house at Westminster. The bishop of Carlile being in his barge, said unto him winding his face, it is a hot day, quoth he: yea my lord (quoth the cardinal) if ye had been as well chafed as I have been. within this hour, ye would say it were very hot: and as soon as he came home to his house at Westminster, he went incontinent to his naked bed, where he had not lain full two hours, but that my lord of Wiltshire came to speak with him of a message from the king. My lord understanding of his coming,

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that he should incontinent go with the other cardinal unto the queen, (who was then in Bridewell in her chamber there) to persuade with her by their wisdoms, and to advise her to surrender the whole matter into the king's hands, by her own consent and will, which should be much bet ter to her honour, than to stand to the trial of law, and thereby to be condemned, which should seem much to her dishonour. To fulfil the king's pleasure, my lord said he was ready, and would prepare him to go thither out of hand, &c. Then my lord arose, and made him ready, taking his barge, and went straight to Bath place to cardinal Campeius, and so went together to Bridewell, directly to the queen's lodging, and being in her chamber of presence, they shewed the gentlemen usher that they came to speak with the queen's grace. The gentleman usher adver tised the queen, that the cardinals were come to speak with her: with that she rose up, and with a skein of white thread about her neck, came into her chamber of presence, where the cardinals were attending, at whose coming, quoth she, alack my lords, I am very sorry to make attend upon me, what is your pleasure with me. If it please your grace (quoth cardinal Wolsey) to go into your privy chamber, we will shew you the cause of our coming: My lord (quoth she) if ye have any thing to say, speak it openly before all these folk: for I fear nothing that ye can say against me, but that I would all the world should hear and see it, and therefore speak your mind openly I pray you. Then began the cardinal to speak to her in latin: Nay good my lord (quoth she) speak to me in English, for I can (I thank God) both speak and understand English, although I understand some

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latin. Forsooth (quoth the cardinal) | the judgment seat) to hear the judg

good madam, if it please your grace, ment given, at which time, all their we come both to know your mind proceedings were openly read in latin. how you are disposed to do in this That done the king's counsel at the matter between the king and you, bar called for judgment, with that and also to declare secretly our (quoth cardinal Campeius) I will not opinions and counsel unto you, which give judgment till I have made rewe do only for very zeal and obedi- lation to the pope of all our proceedence we bear unto your grace. My ings, whose counsel and commandlord (quoth she) I thank you for ment in this case I will observe, the your good will: but to make you matter is too high for us to give answer in your request, I cannot so any hasty judgment, considering the suddenly, for I was set among my highness of the persons, and the maids at work, thinking full little of doubtful occasions alleged: and also any such matter, wherein there need- whose commissioners we be, under eth a longer deliberation, and a better whose authority we sit, it were therehead than mine to make answer; for fore reason that we should make I need of counsel in this case, which our chief head a counsel in the same, toucheth me so near, and for any coun- before we proceed to judgment desel or friendship that I can find in finitive. I come not to please for England, they are not for my profit: favour, meat, or bread of any perwhat think you I pray you my lord, son alive, be he king or otherwise, will any Englishman counsel me, or I have no such respect to the person, be friendly to me against the king's that I will offend my conscience, pleasure, that be his subjects? nay I will not for the favour or displeaforsooth; and as for my counsel sure of any high estate, do that thing in whom I will put my trust, they that should be against the will of be not here, they be in Spain in mine God. I am an old man both weak and own country and my lords, I am a sickly, that look daily for death, &c. poor woman, lacking wit to answer And for as much as I do understand, to any such noble persons of wisdom having perceiverance by the allegaas you be in so weighty a matter, tions in the matter, the case is very therefore I pray you, be good unto doubtful, and also the party defendme poor woman, destitute of friends ant will make none answer, but doth here in a foreign region, and your rather appeal from us, supposing that counsel also I will be glad to hear ; we be not indifferent, considering and therewith she took the cardinal the king's high diguity and authority by the hand, and led him into her within his own realm, which he hath privy chamber with the other cardi- over his subjects, and we being his nal, where they tarried a season talk-subjects she thinketh we cannot do ing with the queen: which commu-justice for fear of displeasure. Therenication ended, they departed to the king, making to him relation of her talk, and after returned home to supper. Thus this case went for ward from court to court, till it came to judgment, so that every man expected judgment would be given the next day, at which day the king came thither, and set him down in a chair within a door, in the end of the gallery (which opened directly against

fore to avoid all these ambiguities and doubts, I will not wade any further in this matter, unless I have the just opinion and assent of the pope, and such other of more experience, or as be seen better in such doubtful laws, than I am; wherefore I will adjourn the court for this time, according to the order of the court of Rome, from whence semblable jurisdiction is derived; and

if we should go further than our commission doth warrant us, it were great folly and much to our blames, and may be accounted breakers of the order of the high court, from which (as I said) our authorities be derived. And with that the court was dissolved, and no more done. Then stepped forth the duke of Suf. folk from the king, and spake with an hault countenance these words:

It was never merry in England (quoth he) while we had any cardinals among us: which words were set forth both with countenance and vehemence, that all men marvelled what he intended, to whom no man made answer. Then the duke spake again in great despight, to the which our cardinal (perceiving his vehemence) soberly made answer, &c. This

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M. Nellessen, curate of St. Nicholas at Aix-la-Chapelle, having during the lent of 1819, expatiated in five successive sermons on the errors of protestantism, and spokeu of indifferentism, unfortunately so common in our days, was, ou this account, informed against to the Prussian government, by men who incessantly talking of tolerance and liberal ideas, sought to introduce the inquisition against the catholic religion, because the principles of that religion were the only obstacles to the realization of their revolutionary projects.

This information induced his excellency baron Von Ingersleben, minister of state to his Prussian majesty, and first president of the duchy of the Lower Rhine, to write the fol lowing letter to M. Fonck, grand vicar of Aix-la-Chapelle,

matter continued thus a long season, and my lord cardinal was in displeasure with the king, for that the matter in his suit took no better success to his purpose, notwithstanding my lord excused him by his commission, which gave him no authority to ceed in judgment without knowledge of the pope, who reserved the same to himself. At the last they were advertised by their post, that the pope would not take deliberation in the "M. LE GRAND-VICAR, I transmit matter, until his courts were opened, you a copy of a memorial which has which should not be before Bartho- been presented to me on the subject of lomewtide next. The king considering the 10th of March, by M. Nellessen, the second sermon in lent, delivered on the time too long ere it should be determined, thought it good to send tonished that M. Nellessen should curate of Aix-la Chapelle. I am asan ambassador to the pope to per- have employed the time of lent, a time suade with him, to shew such honour- so respectable in the eyes of pious peoable favour unto his majesty, that ple, and which offers so many opportu the matter might sooner be ended nities of edifying the faithful by enlightthan it was like to be, doctor Ste-ening their minds and touching their phen Gardiner secretary was thi-tion with topics not in the least analoconsciences, in occupying his congrega ther sent, and there tarried till the latter end of summer. The king commanded the queen to be removed out of the court, and sent to another place: and his highness rode in his progress. And when the secretary was returned from Rome, cardinal Campeius made suite to be

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gous with the history of the passion, and which do not tend in any manner to prepare them for a worthy celebration of the solemnities of Easter; but on the contrary can have no other effect than to throw the people's ideas into confusion. However, this is not my province. But I am so indignant, and with reason, that M. Nellessen has

had the temerity to proclaim, in his sermon, principles which not only cha racterise his own spirit of intolerance towards the protestants, but besides, can have no other tendency than to propagate and preserve the same spirit among his hearers. To what purpose does the curate Nellessen speak in his sermon of the protestants and their secular feast? And how dare he, in the very town in which his ecclesiastical superiors reside, openly to insult from the pulpit the memory of the deceased professor Bahrdt, while his son, one of the most learned professors of the college of Aix-la-Chapelle must himself be witness of these unmerited insults. M. Bahrdt, has long since solicited his resignation from Aix-la-Chapelle, where the catholic party shackle him in the exercise of his functions and engender disagreements. I had thought till now these complaints exaggerated; but the curate Nellessen's sermon has entirely removed doubts. my

"How could you, M.-le-Grand-vicar, permit such sermons as these to be preached before your eyes, and what excuse can you allege?

"I will not deceive you, the town of Aix-la-Chapelle is noted for being particularly intolerant on the subject of religion, and it is in great measure on you that the weight of the discontent so loudly complained of by the public, on this subject, must rest. t There will result from it in some way or other the most vexatious consequences

"It is my duty, M.-le-Grand-vicar, to beg you most seriously to watch over that spirit of intolerance which prevails amongst you, and to oppose it in its beginning, by your clergy; otherwise

*This is surely inconceivable after the numberless false assertions, calumnies, and insults they have been permitted to advance against the catholics, at the celebra tion of this famous feast....(The triennial celebration of the Reformation.) This did

not at all wound their ticklish tolerance

The liberals have taken the protestants under their protection. Is this astonishing? Their principles are the same.

It is lucky for the grand vicar of Aix-la-Chapelle and for all the faithful defenders of the truth, that Jesus Christ has pronounced this oracle, If the world hate you know that it hated me before you.Editor of le Spectateur Belge,

I shall be forced to have recourse to superior ecclesiastical authority, even to that which is supreme, to employ the most efficacious means to restore order All decrees, all ordinances emanating from his majesty and his ministers, breathe the most laudable mildness and tolerance towards all his Prussian subjects, without distinction of religious worship. My duty does not permit me, nor will I ever suffer the good understanding, which is the object of these ordinances, to be disturbed by imprudent priests and fanatics.

"Lastly, I expect you, M.-la-Grand. vicar, will severely reprimand the cnrate Nellessen, on the subject of the indiscreet sermon, preached by him he informed in what manner you shall on the 10th of March, and I desire to have executed my orders." (Signed)

BARON VON INGERSLEBEN, Coblentz, March 27, 1819.

The

This letter not only suffered no delay in being published in divers foreign Journals; but it was judged expedient, to suppress the publication of the grand vicar's answer. editor of the True Liberal journal which appears in the kingdom of the Low Countries, refused to insert M. Nellessen's defence. We even read shortly after, in the Journal of the province of Liege, a pretended refutation of the worthy curate's defence, which journal equally refused to insert the answer to this anonymous refutation, which M. Nellessen had sent to Liege to that effect. Such is the degree of the liberal tolerance of the editors of these whose papers, only object is to render the catholic religion odious in those provinces where nearly the whole of the inhabitants profess it, and in which they find but a very few protestants, dispersed here and there, who make any difficulty in spreading their anonymous accusations against a minis

The reader will be pleased to observe, that the first president recognises here the exclusive competency of the ecclesiastical authority relative to the affair is question.-Spectateur Belge.

ter of the catholic religion, while they refuse to publish his signed apology. To refute, by sound arguments, the errors of protestantism is to manifest a spirit of intolerance, is to entertain such ideas and to propagate them amongst others; but liberally to spread abroad jests, raileries, calumnies and insults against the catholic religion and its ministers, is not to wound in the least the amiable tolerance of the nineteenth century.

M. Nellessen consequently thought that he ought to make his justification public in another manner, and accordingly bad it printed separately under this title: A Memorial to serve as the History of the Modern Liberal System, or a Defence forced from L Nellessen, curate of St. Nicholas's church at Aix-la-Chapelle.

who have thought fit to suppress their names, to insert in the French journals the first president's letter to M. Fouck, the vicar general. To publish a secret correspondence was an unpardonable violation of the reciprocal confidence which ought to exist between public functionaries. If they wished to make the affair known, why not equally publish the vicar general's answer and my defence, which I sent for that purpose? For that rule of justice, audiatur et altera pars, is still in force. Desirous, therefore, that this last circumstance should have publicity, I addressed a translation of the vicar general's letter and my written defence to the editor of The True Liberal, at Bruxelles, who was, however, illiberal enough to refuse the insertion. There appeared shortly after, in the Journal of the province of Liege, printed at De Soer's, a pretended refutation of my defence. I again refuted this, and

We have considered it our duty to communicate to our reader thus much on bar on Von Ingersleben's | letter concerning M. Nellessen. And indeed it is important that the mo--had not the least doubt but that the dern liberal system be more and more appreciated at its just value, that other catholics not yet cured of the enlightening principles of the nineteenth century may see what we have to expect from the pretended tolerance of modern times. If the goodness of God does not bring to nought these intolerant and fanatical projects, their aims will probably conduct us to those events which have so recently taken place in Germany.

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editor of this Journal was sufficiently liberal in his principles to insert this last article in his paper. But I was deceived and disappointed a second time. Such is the use made of the press in this enlightened age! I was consequently obliged to publish all the circumstances relative to this affair in a separate pamphlet; and what impartial man can disapprove my conduct? My own honour, the honour of my ecclesiastical superiors, the interest of my religion, that interest which is but too often attacked under false appearances in the persons of its ministers, made it my duty.

Isuppose," writes M. Nellessen, <6 as it is publicly known that I have been reported to his excellency the first president Von Ingersleben, for the heads of my second sermon, preached during the lent of the pre-of sent year, I am to justify myself, in this respect, to the vicariate general of our diocess. If the business had rested there, I should not on my part have proceeded any further; but it has pleased certain persons,

ORTHOD. JOUR. VOL. VIII.

"I shall begin by a short analysis my Sermons, by which my readers will be able to appreciate them, taking them collectively, and judge thereby much better than by any other means what my object was in preaching them. I chose for my subject St. Augustin's Confessions,

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