a great intermission in the pulse, the motion of the heart failing, and being no longer able to recover itself stoutly and regularly."—Id.

And in metaphor:

"And while the life-blood of Spain went inward to the heart, the outward limbs and members trembled and could not resist.". Speech on the Subsidy Bill.

661

That the commerce between both nations be set open and free, so as the commodities and provisions of either may pass and flow to and fro without any stops or obstructions into the veins of the whole body, for the better sustentation and comfort of all parts; and that as well the internal and vital veins of blood be opened from interruption and obstruction in making pedigree and claiming by descent, as the external and elemental veins of age and commerce."- Report on Union of the Realms. "— and therefore might be truly attributed to a secret instinct and inspiring, which many times runneth not only in the hearts of princes, but in the pulse and veins of people, touching the happiness thereby to ensue in time to come."- History of Henry VII.

66

pass

It is unnecessary to attribute this to Bacon's sagacity, for it is sufficiently explained by the fact that Harvey was his physician.*

* "He [Harvey] was twice censor of the college and in 1615 was appointed Lumelian lecturer. In the following year the year of Shakespeare's death-he began his course of lectures, and first brought forward his views upon the movements of the heart and blood. Meantime his practice increased, and he had the lord chancellor Francis Bacon, and the earl of Arundel among his patients."- Enc. Brit., HARVEY.

(It should be noted also that there is likewise the same philosophy of gravitation-prior to Newton's time:

"But the strong base and building of my love

Is as the very centre of the earth,

Drawing all things to it."-Troil. and Cress., IV., 2. "Therefore we see that iron in particular sympathy moveth

"Which is from my remembrance!"

The point, or rather the occasion of this reference is made clear by the context immediately preceding the narrative, which, as if introduced for the purpose, unfolds to the lodestone; but yet if it exceed a certain quantity, it forsaketh the affection to the lodestone, and like a good patriot, moveth to the earth, which is the region and country of massy bodies ; so we may go forward, and see that water and massy bodies move to the centre of the earth." Advancement of Learning, Second Book.

"if you could hurt,

Your swords are now too massy for your strengths,
And will not be uplifted."- Tempest, III., 3.

"But in the wind and tempest of her frown,
Distinction, with a broad and powerful fan,
Puffing at all, winnows the light away;
And what hath mass, or matter, by itself
Lies, rich in virtue, and unmingled."

Troil. and Cress., I., 3.

"That idea to which the human mind is prone, namely that hard bodies are the densest, is to be checked and corrected. ・・・ Abundance and scarcity of matter constitute the notions of dense and rare, rightly understood. . . . Dense and rare have a close connection with heavy and light."- History of Dense and Rare.

66

I love thee; I have spoke it:

How much the quantity, the weight as much,

As I do love my father."- Cymbeline, IV., 2.

"And therefore, as weight in all motions increaseth force, so do I not marvel to see men gather the greatest strength of argument they can to make good their opinions." — Debate on the King's Right of Imposition.

"And, as the thing that's heavy in itself,

Upon enforcement, flies with greatest speed,
So did our men, heavy in Hotspur's loss,

Lend to this weight such lightness with their fear,
That arrows fled not swifter towards their aim

Than did our soldiers, aiming at their safety,

Fly from the field.”— II. Henry IV., I., 1.)

the fundamental philosophy of memory: that things forgotten are recalled by or through their orderly association with other things, whose images are impressed upon the mind:

"Canst thou remember

A time before we came into this cell?

I do not think thou canst; for then thou wast not
Out three years old.

Mir. Certainly, Sir, I can.

Pros. By what? by any other house or person?

Of anything the image tell me, that

Hath kept with thy remembrance.

Mir. 'Tis far off;

And rather like a dream than an assurance

That my remembrance warrants.

Had I not

Four or five women once that tended me?

Pros. Thou had'st, and more, Miranda. But how is it
That this lives in thy mind? What see'st thou else

In the dark backward abysm of time?

If thou remember'st aught ere thou cam'st here,
How thou cam'st here thou may'st.

Mir. But that I do not."

Turning to De Augmentis, Fifth Book, we find the like philosophy clearly taught:

"The Art of Memory is built upon two intentions; Prenotion and Emblem. By Prenotion I mean a kind of cutting off of infinity of search. For when a man desires to recall anything into his memory, if he have no prenotion or perception of that he seeks, he seeks and strives and beats about hither and thither as if in infinite space. But if he have some certain prenotion, this infinity is at once cut off, and the memory ranges in a narrower compass; like the hunting of a deer within an enclosure. And therefore order also manifestly assists the memory; for we have a prenotion that what we are seeking must be something which agrees with order. Emblem, on the other hand, reduces intellectual conceptions to sensible images; for an object of sense always strikes the memory more forci

bly and is more easily impressed upon it than an object of the intellect; insomuch that even brutes have their memory excited by sensible impressions; never by intellectual ones. And therefore you will more easily remember the image of a hunter pursuing a hare, of an apothecary arranging his boxes, of a pedant making a speech, of a boy repeating verses from memory, of a player acting on the stage, than the mere notions of invention, disposition, elocution, memory, and action. Other things there are (as I said just now) which relate to the help of memory, but the art as it now is consists of the two above stated."

"Please you further.

Pros. My brother and thy uncle, called Antonio,thee mark me that a brother should

I

pray

Be so perfidious;—

"There is no vice that doth so cover a man with shame as to be found false and perfidious."— Of Truth.

"he whom next thyself

Of all the world I loved,"

The following from a letter to Essex, prior to his treasonable insurrection, gives us, as in a chart, the bearings of Bacon's course :

"I desire your Lordship also to think, that though I confess I love some things much better than I love your Lordship, as the Queen's service, her quiet and contentment, her honor, her favor, the good of my country, and the like, yet I love few persons better than yourself, both for gratitude's sake, and for your own virtues, which cannot hurt but by accident or abuse. which my good affection I was ever ready and am ready to yield testimony by any good offices, but with such res* "Or otherwise (mark what I say)"

Charge to Grand Jury.

Of

:

ervations as yourself cannot but allow for as I was ever sorry that your Lordship should fly with waxen wings, doubting Icarus' fortune, so for the growing up of your own feathers, specially ostrich's, or any other save of a bird of prey, no man shall be more glad. And this is the axletree whereupon I have turned and shall turn.” *

"and to him put

The manage of my state;"

"For that which concerneth his crown and state, it is known that for these last two years his Majesty

* 66 strong as the axletree

On which the heavens ride."-Troil. and Cress., I., 3. "So as the axletree, whereupon their greatness turneth, is soon cut in two by any that shall be stronger than they by sea." - Considerations touching a War with Spain.

Whence the origin of the figure?

"And assuredly as Aristotle endeavors to prove that in all motion there is some point quiescent; and as he very elegantly interprets the ancient fable of Atlas, who stood fixed and supported the heaven on his shoulders, to be meant of the poles or axletree of heaven, whereupon the conversion is accomplished; so do men earnestly desire to have within them an Atlas or axletree of the thoughts, by which the fluctuations and dizziness of the understanding may be to some extent controlled; fearing belike that their heaven should fall."— De Augmentis, Fifth Book, Chap. IV.

We begin to realize that Bacon was thoroughly saturated with "the wisdom of the ancients." He drank deep at the fountain of those waters, imbibing their subtle spirit, and seasoning his writings with their essence; sometimes so deftly that though we appreciate the richness, we are unable, in our ignorance, to distinguish the flavor.

We catch a glimpse also of his industry, for such an absolute mastery, as the educated world well knows, could only be acquired by years of close and patient study, and that too, we would almost add, in early youth, during the formative period.