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1016. Origin of the Normans in Italy,
1029. Foundation of Aversa,

1038. The Normans serve in Sicily,
1040-1043. Their Conquest of Apulia,
Character of the Normans,..

1046. Oppression of Apulia......

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1049-1054. League of the Pope and the two Empires,
1053. Expedition of Pope Leo IX. against the Normans,......
His Defeat and Captivity,...

Origin of the Papal Investitures to the Normans,..

1020-1085. Birth and Character of Robert Guiscard,

1054-1080. His Ambition and Success,.

1060. Duke of Apulia,.......

His Italian Conquests,

School of Salerno,..

Trade of Amalphi,

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1060-1090. Conquest of Sicily by Count Roger,
1081. Robert invades the Eastern Empire,

Siege of Durazzo,

The Army and March of the Emperor Alexius,.
Battle of Durazzo,.

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Return of Robert, and Actions of Bohemond,
1081. The Emperor Henry III. invited by the Greeks,.
1081-1984. Besieges Rome,...

Flies before Robert,..

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1084. Second Expedition of Robert into Greece,.
1085. His Death,

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His Admiral delivers Louis VII. of France,.
Insults Constantinople,
1148, 1149. The Emperor Manuel repulses the Normans,
1165. He reduces Apulia and Calabria,

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1166-1174. His Design of acquiring Italy and the Western Empire.. 49

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960-1028. Manners and Emigration of the Turks, or Turkmans.....506

1038. They defeat the Gaznevides, and subdue Persia,..
1038-1152. Dynasty of the Seljukians,

1065. He delivers the Caliph of Bagdad,..

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1050. The Turks invade the Roman Empire,
1063-1072. Reign of Alp Arslan,.....
1065-1068. Conquest of Armenia and Georgia,
1068-1071. The Emperor Romanus Diogenes,.
1071. Defeat of the Romans,.....

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Captivity and Deliverance of the Emperor,
072. Death of Alp Arsian,
1072-1092. Reign and Prosperity of Malek Shah,.
1092. His Death,.......

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Division of the Seljukian Empire,

1074-1084. Conquest of Asia Minor by the Turks,.

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The Seljukian Kingdom of Roum,
638-1099. State and Pilgrimage of Jerusalem,

969076. Under the Fatimite Caliphs,.

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501

503

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Romulus Augustulus Lays Down the Imperial Crown to Odoacr Julius Cæsar

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