LYSIS. A plinth above the cornice of the podium of ancient temples, which surrounded the stylobate.

MÆANDER. An ornamental border, like the fret, on the different members of buildings.

MARMORATUM. Plaster composed of lime and pounded marble, used in the last coat on ancient walls.

MAUSOLEUM. A sepulchral building, the term derived from the celebrated one erected to the memory of Mausolus, king of Caria, by his wife Artemisia, about 353 B.C.

METOCHE. A term used by Vitruvius, to denote the space or interval be

tween the dentils of the Ionic, or triglyphs of the Doric order.

METOPE. The square space or interval between the Doric triglyphs.
MINUTE. Sixtieth part of the lower diameter of a column.

MODILLION. An ornament resembling a bracket in the Ionic, Corinthian and Composite orders.

MODULE. A certain measure, either a diameter, or semidiameter, by which the proportions of columns are regulated.

MENIANA. Divisions of seats in a Roman amphitheatre.
MONOLITH. A work consisting of a single stone.

MONOPTERAL. A temple of a round form, without walls or cella, but only one range of columns.

MONOTRIGLYPH. The space of one triglyph and two metopes, between two Doric columns.

MUTULE. A projecting ornament in the Doric cornice, corresponding to the modillion in the Ionic and Corinthian entablatures.

NAOS. The central chamber of a temple.

NAUMACHIA. A place were mock sea engagements were exhibited. NECK, or NECKING. The space between the astragal of the shaft and the annulet of the capital.

NYMPHÆUM. An artificial grotto dedicated to the nymphs.

OCTASTYLE. A temple having eight columns in front.

ODEUM. A kind of theatre among the Greeks, wherein poets and musicians rehearsed their compositions.

Ecus. A hall or saloon, in a Roman house, used for extensive banquets.
OPISTHODOMUS. The chamber behind the cella, often used as a treasury.
ORCHESTRA. A level space in a theatre, set apart for the chorus.
OVA. Ornaments in the shape of an egg, on the echinus.

OVOLO. A moulding, the section of which is usually the quarter of a circle.

PALESTRA. A Grecian building, appropriated to wrestling and gymnastic

exercises.

PARASCENIUM. Another name for the postscenium in the theatre.
PARASTAS. An end pilaster.

PARODOS. The grand entrance of the scene of a Greek theatre that con-
ducted on to the stage.

PEDIMENT. The triangular termination of the roof of a temple, resting upon the entablature which surrounds the building, and enclosing the tympanum.

PENETRALE. The most sacred part of the temple.

PENETRALIA. Small chapels dedicated to the Penates, in the innermost part of Roman houses.

PERIBOLOS. Enclosure within a wall, surrounding a temple.

PERIDROMOS. The space between the columns of a temple and the walls enclosing the cells.

PERIPTERAL. A temple encompassed by columns.

PERISTYLE. A court which had a colonnade around it;

columns within a court or temple.

PILASTER. A square engaged pillar, i.e. attached to a wall.

also a range of

PISCINA. A reservoir in the Roman baths for practising swimming.

PLINTH. The low square step on which a column is placed.

PODIUM. A continued pedestal; a parapet surrounding the arena of an amphitheatre.

POLYSTYLE. Of many columns.

PORTICO. The covered space in front of a temple, supported by columns.
POSTICUM. The covered space behind a temple.

POSTSCENIUM. The back part of a theatre.

PRÆCINCTIO. The landing which separated and gave access to the ranges

of seats in theatres.

PRODROMOS. The portico before the entrance to the cell of a temple.
PRONAOS. The part of a temple in front of the naos.

PROPYLÆUM. A vestibule before a building or temple.

PROSCENIUM. The stage in a Grecian theatre.

PROSTYLE. A portico in which the columns stand in advance of the building to which they belong.

PROTHYRUM. An entrance door.

PSEUDISODOMUM. A style of masonry in which the stones are arranged in regular courses of unequal heights.

PSEUDODIPTERAL. A temple with eight columns in front, and only one range round the cell.

PSEUDOPERIPTERAL. A temple with a range of columns in front, and the columns on the sides engaged in the wall.

PTERA. Colonnades which surrounded the cell of the temple.

PTEROMA. The space between the wall of the cell of a temple and the columns of the peristyle, called also ambulatio.

PULPITUM. The stage in a Roman theatre.

PULVINAR. The emperor's seat in the circus.

PULVINARIA. Couches provided for the statues of the gods in the temple. PUTEAL. The marginal stone of a well.

PYCNOSTYLE. An intercolumniation of a diameter and a half.

PYRAMID. A solid square massy edifice, constructed in the form of a pyramid.

PYRAMIDION. The small pyramid which terminates the top of an obelisk.

REGULA. A band below the tænia in the Doric architrave.

RETICULATUM. A style of masonry in which the stones were placed diagonally, so as to resemble network.

ROSTRUM. The platform in the Roman forum whence the orators addressed the people, so called from its basement being decorated with prows of ships.

ROTUNDA. A circular building.

RUDERATIO. Applied to a floor paved with pieces of bricks, tiles, stones, &c.

SACELLUM. A small enclosure without a roof, consecrated to a god, containing an altar, and sometimes a statue of a god.

SACRARIUM. A term applied to any place in which sacred things were deposited or kept, whether in a temple or a private house. SCAPUS.

The shaft of a column.

SCHOLA. The margin or platform surrounding a bath.

SCOTIA. The hollow moulding in the base of an Ionic column.

SCROLL. A spiral ornament.

SECOS. The secret chamber in a temple, to which none but the priests had

access.

SHAFT. The body of a column or pillar; the part between the capital and base.

SOFFIT. A ceiling; the under side of arches, and other architectural members.

SPANDREL. The triangular space between any arch, and a rectangle formed by the outer mouldings over it.

SPECUS. The conduit or covered channel, through which the water flowed in aqueducts.

SPHÆRISTERUM. A building for the exercise of the ball.

SPINA. A low wall running down the centre of a circus, so called from its resemblance to the position of the dorsal bone in the human frame. STADIUM. A place for foot races.

STEREOBATE. A basement, distinguished from stylobate by the absence o columns.

STOA. A porch, used as a public walk.

STRIÆ.

The fillets between the flutes of columns.

STRIGES. The channels of a fluted column.

STYLAGALMATIC. Supported by figure-columns.

STYLOBATE. The basis on which a colonnade is placed.

SUBPLINTH. A second or lower plinth placed under the principal one in columns and pedestals.

SUDATIO

SUDATORIUM

}

A vapour bath.

SYSTYLE. An intercolumniation of two diameters.

TABLINUM. A hall or chamber at the further end of the atrium, in a

Roman house, and separate from it by an aulæum or curtain. In
summer it was used as a dining-room.

TENIA. The fillet which separates the Doric frieze from the architrave.
TECTORIUM OPUS. The smooth finishing coat of plaster on a wall.

TELAMONES. Figures of men used in the same manner as Caryatides,
sometimes called Atlantes.

TEMONES. Places in a temple where statues were placed.

TEPIDARIUM. The temperate hall in a Roman bath.

TERMINUS. A pillar with the bust of a man or god, on the top. It was generally used as a boundary stone.

TESTUDO. An arched roof.

TETRASTOÖN. An atrium or rectangular courtyard, having a colonnade on every side."

TETRASTYLE. A temple with four columns in front.

THERMÆ. A term applied to Roman buildings for public baths, but strictly meaning only warm baths.

TORUS. A large semicircular moulding, used in the bases of columns.
TRACHELIUM. In Doric or Ionic capitals, a short space intervening between
the hypotrachelium and the mass of the capital.

TRICLINIUM. A Roman dining-room, in which were three couches, lectus
imus, lectus medius, lectus summus, on which the guests reclined at
dinner. The table was placed in the centre, and the fourth side was
left open for the servants to place on or remove the dishes.
TRIGLYPH. A tablet fluted with three upright grooves, in the Doric frieze.
TRIPOD. A table or seat with three legs.

TROCHILUS, An annular moulding whose section is concave.

TYMPANUM. The triangular space within the cornices of a pediment.

VELARIUM. The awning covering a theatre or an amphitheatre.

VESTIBULUM.

The entrance to a Roman house.

VISORIUM. The audience part of an amphitheatre

VOLUTE. A spiral scroll, which forms the principal feature of the Ionic and Composite capitals.

VOMITORIA.

Passages facilitating entrance to and egress from a theatre

or amphitheatre.

VOUSSOIR. A name for the wedge-shaped stones of an arch.

XENODOCHIUM.

A building for the reception of strangers.

XYSTUS. A spacious portico in which athletes exercised themselves during winter; also the garden at the further end of a Roman house.

ZIGZAG. The most primitive style of ornament, and generally indicative of a very early stage in art.

ZOPHORUS. The frieze of an entablature.

ZOTHECA. A small room or alcove, which might be added to, or separated from, the room to which it adjoined.

TABLE OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL GREEK AND ROMAN TEMPLES.

Hexastyle, peripteral, with 12 intercolumns on sides, 46 feet by 105 feet. Octastyle, peripteral, 100 feet by 228 feet; Ictinus and Callicrates, architects.

Hexastyle on both fronts, with wings of a smaller order, at right angles to west front. Mnesicles, architect, 437432 B.C.

Recently

Hexastyle, prostyle at east end, with a
tetrastyle, diprostyle on north side.
Tetrastyle, amphiprostyle.. A well-
known example, though no longer
extant, having been destroyed by the
Turks since Stuart's time.
Tetrastyle, amphiprostyle.
explored, and since rebuilt.
Decastyle, peripteral, hypathral, columns
60 feet high, 96 feet by 259 feet. En-
closed by a peribolus. A Roman
work, originally begun in the time of
Pisistratus, continued by Antiochus
Epiphanes, and completed by Hadrian.
A square building of about 180 feet on
each side, with a dodecastyle colonnade
forming the west front. This temple
begun by Ictinus; colonnade added by
Philo, architect, about 315 B.C.
Hexastyle on both fronts, with inner
Ionic order as at Athens, 50 feet by 60
feet. A second and smaller propylaa
within the peribolus, distyle in antis.
See Unedited Antiquities of Attica.'
None of these buildings now remain.