In Troy, there lies the scene. From isles of Greece With wanton Paris sleeps; And that's the quarrel. 3 And the deep-drawing barks do there disgorge 4 1 I cannot regard this Prologue (which indeed is wanting in the quarto editions) as the work of Shakspeare; and perhaps the drama before us was not entirely of his construction. It appears to have been unknown to his associates, Hemings and Condell, till after the first folio was almost printed off. On this subject, indeed, (as I learn from Mr. Malone's Emendations and Additions) there seems to have been a play anterior to the present one: "Aprel 7, 1599. Lent unto Thomas Downton to lende unto Mr. Deckers, & harey cheattel, in earnest of ther boocke called Troyeles and Creassedaye, the some of iii lb." "Lent unto harey cheattell, & Mr. Dickers, [Henry Chettle and master Deckar] in pte of payment of their booke called Troyelles&Cresseda, the 16 of Aprell, 1599, xxs." "Lent unto Mr. Deckers and Mr. Chettel the 26 of maye, 1599, in earnest of a booke called Troylles and Creseda, the some of xxs." Steevens. 2 The princes orgulous,] Orgulous, i. e. proud, disdainful. Orgueilleux, Fr. This word is used in the ancient romance of Rich ard Cueur de Lyon: 3 "His atyre was orgulous." Steevens. Priam's six-gated city, &c.] The names of the gates are here exhibited as in the old copy, for the reason assigned by Dr. Farmer; except in the instance of Antenorides, instead of which the old copy has Antenonydus. The quotation from Lydgate shows that was an error of the printer. Malone. Sperr up the sons of Troy.5 4 fulfilling bolts,] To fulfill, in this place, means to fill till there be no room for more. In this sense it is now obsolete. So, in Gower, De Confessione Amantis, Lib. V, fol. 114: Again: "A lustie maide, a sobre, a meke, "C Fulfilled of all curtosie." "Fulfilled of all unkindship." Steevens. To be "fulfilled with grace and benediction" is still the language of our liturgy. Blackstone. 5 Sperr up the sons of Troy.] [Old copy-Stirre.] This has been a most miserably mangled passage throughout all the editions; corrupted at once into false concord and false reasoning. Priam's six-gated city stirre up the sons of Troy?—Here's a verb plural governed of a nominative singular. But that is easily remedied The next question to be asked is, In what sense a city, having six strong gates, and those well barred and bolted, can be said to stir up its inhabitants? unless they may be supposed to derive some spirit from the strength of their fortifications. But this could not be the poet's thought. He must mean, I take it, that the Greeks had pitched their tents upon the plains before Troy: and that the Trojans were securely barricaded within the walls and gates of their city. This sense my correction restores. sperre, or spar, from the old Teutonic word Speren, signifies to shut up, defend by bars, &c. Theobald. So, in Spenser's Fairy Queen, Book V, c. 10: "The other that was entred, labour'd fast Again, in the romance of The Squhr of Low Degre: Sperde with manie a dyvers pynne." To And in The Vision of P Plowman, it is said that a blind man "unsparryd his eine." Steevens. Mr. Theobald informs us that the very names of the gates of Troy have been barbarously demolished by the editors; and a deal of learned dust he makes in setting them right again; much however to Mr. Heath's satisfaction. Indeed the learning is modestly withdrawn from the later editions, and we are quietly instructed to read "Dardan, and Thymbria, Ilia Scæa, Trojan, But had he looked into the Troy Boke of Lydgate, instead of puzzling himself with Dares Phrygius, he would have found the horrid demolition to have been neither the work of Shakspeare, nor his editors: "Thereto his cyte | compassed enuyrowne "Had gates VI to entre into the towne: "The firste of all and strengest eke with all, Now expectation, tickling skittish spirits, To tell you, fair beholders, that our play Like, or find fault; do as your pleasures are; "And in storye | lyke as it is founde, "The fourthe gate | hyghte also Cetheas; "The fyfthe Trojana, | the syxth Anthonydes, "Stronge and mighty | both in werre and pes." Lond. Empr. by R. Pynson, 1513, fol. B. II, ch. 11. The Troye Boke was somewhat modernized, and reduced into regular stanzas, about the beginning of the last century, under the name of, The Life and Death of Hector-who fought a Hundred mayne Battailes in open Field against the Grecians; wherein there were slaine on both Sides Fourteene Hundred and Sixe Thousand, Fourscore and Sixe Men.-Fol. no date. This work Dr. Fuller, and several other criticks, have erroneously quoted as the original; and observe, in consequence, that "if Chaucer's coin were of greater weight for deeper learning, Lydgate's were of a more refined standard for purer language: so that one might mistake him for a modern writer." Farmer. • A prologue arm'd,] I come here to speak the prologue, and come in armour; not defying the audience, in confidence of either the author's or actor's abilities, but merely in a character suited to the subject, in a dress of war, before a warlike play. Johnson. Motteux seems to have borrowed this idea in his Prologue to Farquhar's Twin Rivals: "With drums and trumpets in this warring age, "A martial prologue should alarm the stage.' Steevens. 7 the vaunt —] i. e. the avant, what went before. So, in King Lear: "Vaunt-couriers to oak cleaving thunderbolts." Steevens. The vaunt is the vanguard, called, in our author's, time the vaunt-guard. Percy. 8 -firstlings-] A scriptural phrase, signifying the first produce or offspring. So, in Genesis, iv, 4: " And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock." Steevens. Calchas, a Trojan priest, taking part with the Greeks. Pandarus, uncle to Cressida. Margarelon, a bastard son of Priam. Agamemnon, the Grecian general: Menelaus, his brother. Thersites, a deformed and scurrilous Grecian. Alexander, servant to Cressida. Servant to Troilus; servant to Paris; servant to Diomedes. Helen, wife to Menelaus. Andromache, wife to Hector. Cassandra, daughter to Priam; a prophetess. Cressida, daughter to Calchas. Trojan and Greek soldiers, and attendants. SCENE, Troy, and the Grecian camp before it. TROILUS AND CRESSIDA. ACT I.....SCENE I. Troy. Before Priam's Palace. Enter TROILUS armed, and PANDARUS. Tro. Call here my varlet, I'll unarm again: Tro. The Greeks are strong, and skilful to their strength,2 Fierce to their skill, and to their fierceness valiant; Tamer than sleep, fonder3 than ignorance; 9 - my varlet,] This word anciently signified a servant or footman to a knight or warrior. So, Holinshed, speaking of the battle of Agincourt: "- diverse were releeved by their varlets, and conveied out of the field." Again, in an ancient epitaph in the church-yard of Saint Nicas at Arras: "Cy gis Hakin et son varlet, Steevens. Concerning the word varlet, see Recherches historiques sur les M. C. Tutet. cartes à jouer. Lyon, 1757, p. 61. 1 Will this geer ne'er be mended?] There is somewhat proverbial in this question, which I likewise meet with in the interlude of King Darius, 1565: "Wyll not yet this geere be amended, "Nor your sinful acts corrected?" Steevens. 2 -skilful to their strength, &c.] i. e. in addition to their strength. The same phraseology occurs in Macbeth. See Vol. VII. p. 15, n. 4. Steevens. 3 -fonder -] i. e. more weak, or foolish. See Vol. IV, p. 382, n. 8. Malone. |