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Horses as well as men get nervous breakdowns at the front, according to a letter quoted in "Rider and Driver." Some of these horses are sent back to England for recuperation. The writer describes an army remount stable in Berkshire, run entirely by women. "The horses go there frightened, ill, and wild. In a month they are quiet as pet dogs, and in hard condition. The secret is that with the quiet, gentle handling of these skilled women, the horses' nerves get a rest and they recuperate in a marvelously short time."

New Orleans is said to be now a ratless city, as a result of fifteen months' work following the appearance of a few cases of bubonic plague. Rats, which carry this plague, were practically exterminated within the city, a force of 600 rat-catchers being employed, who on a single day caught 1,708 of the plague-carriers. In addition, docks and buildings have been made rat-proof, as a preventive measure.

A man who was making an address before. some Sunday-school children, the "Christian Register" says, had occasion to use the word epitome." Realizing that the word might need explanation to his young audience, he simplified the matter by saying that epitome"

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In times when most of the theatrical stars have gone into the movies, it is perhaps worthy of note that a particularly successful actor, Chauncey Olcott, has, it is said, refused an offer of $25,000 to appear on the screen in "Mavour neen," one of his leading plays; he prefers to wait for an expected revival of interest in "the legitimate."

The "North American Review," in publishing an article by Sydney Brooks on The New England," notes that the article would have appeared in an earlier issue but for the fact that the original MS. went down in the Hesperian when that vessel was destroyed in September. Among generous tributes to a foe this sentence from Mr. Brooks's article is worthy of a place: "The cohesion and the unanimity of selfless devotion which Germany has displayed throughout her titanic effort are as much beyond our present British reach as are the intelligence and foresight with which she has marshaled and turned to account all her resources of human and material energy."

The controversy over the name of the great mountain between Seattle and Tacoma still continues. An evidence of a rapprochement, however, comes in a circular which states that the Congregational churches of the two cities have united in asking the Geographic Board of the United States to call for testimony as to the name given to the mountain by the Indians, and

its adoption instead of the present official name, Mount Rainier. Curiously, the circular makes no mention as to what the supposed aboriginal name may have been. Have we heard that the Indians called the mountain Tacoma?

Manufacturers have different ideas as to the policy of admitting visitors to inspect their plants. A trade journal illustrates the extremes by two contrasting methods. One is that of a Chicago firm whose manager, when asked by a visitor for the privilege of seeing his plant, replied, "We don't let rubbernecks in." The Curtis Publishing Company, of Philadelphia, on the other hand, not only admits visitors, but employs a staff of guides to explain all details to the many persons who daily call at its offices.

The municipal asphalt plant of New York has "made good," according to its superintendent's report for the first year's operation. Nearly 300,000 square yards of sheet asphalt were laid, at an approximate cost of one dollar per yard. Former contract prices for this work were about fifty per cent higher. Thus a saving of $140,000 was effected in one year. With some of the money saved, motor vehicles were bought, with a further saving in money and efficiency.

An interesting exchange of international ideas is involved in the statement that Japan is to get from Italy a submarine of the most advanced construction The boat, to be constructed by a Turin firm, will, it is stated, be as fast as any modern battle-ship, and will be able to travel 6,000 miles without replenishing its fuel. The hull will be built in Japan, under the supervision of Italian engineers, while Japanese engineers will go to Turin to study the methods of making this remarkable under-sea boat.

"In every city in the United States where there are more than twenty Albanians there is an Albanian Club. . . . They hold no dances in these clubs. Many of them serve as evening schools. Their purpose is: Liberty, Fraternity, Justice." So says the "Albanian Era," which, strangely enough, is published in Denver, Colorado, and is edited by John Adams. It states that there are 40,000 Albanians, mostly young men, in this country. "They are convinced that they have now no friends in Europe and solicit earnestly the friendship of the United States."

One locality in New York City which holds its own as against the "uptown movement" is Washington Square. According to the recently issued "Social Register," in that region of oldfashioned mansions there are about the same number of prominent residents as in 1888, when the " Register" was first published. Fifth Avenue and Sixty-seventh Street is now the social center" of the city; twenty-five years ago it was at Thirty-seventh Street and the same fashionable thoroughfare.

Contents of The Outlook

VOLUME 111

Copyright, 1915, by the Outlook Company

DECEMBER 29, 1915

NUMBER 18

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE OUTLOOK COMPANY, 381 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK.
LAWRENCE F. ABBOTT, PRESIDENT. N. T. PULSIFER, VICE-PRESIDENT. FRANK C. HOYT,
TREASURER. ERNEST H. ABBOTT, SECRETARY. ARTHUR M. MORSE, ASSISTANT TREASURER.
TRAVERS D. CARMAN, ADVERTISING MANAGER, YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS-FIFTY-TWO ISSUES-
THREE DOLLARS IN ADVANCE. ENTERED AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER AT THE NEW YORK POST-OFFICE

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By subscription $3.00 a year. Single copies 10 cents. For foreign subscriptions to countries in the Postal Union, $4.56.

Address all communications to

THE OUTLOOK COMPANY, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York City

Decide for yourself if this book can help you. Sent for your FREE examination

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vigilant activity, lest because of his passivity and inertness absolutism in some form should resume its sway. The book is replete with ripe wisdom. Women Who Have Ennobled Life. By Lilian

Whiting. The Union Press, Philadelphia.

Sketches, with portraits, of Julia Ward Howe, Mrs. Browning, Mary Lyon, Florence Nightin gale, Mrs. Stowe, and other devoted and talented

women.

World's Highway (The). By Norman Angell. The George H. Doran Company, New York. $1.50.

POETRY

Aladore. By Henry Newbolt. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. $1.50.

Faithful (The): A Tragedy in Three Acts. By John Masefield. The Macmillan Company, New York. $1.25.

Porcupine (The): A Drama in Three Acts. By Edwin Arlington Robinson. The Macmillan Company, New York. $1.25.

Searchlights: A Play in Three Acts. By Horace Annesley Vachell. The George H. Doran Company, New York. $1.

ESSAYS AND CRITICISM Affirmations. By Havelock Ellis. flin Company, Boston. $1.75.

Houghton Mif

House on Henry Street (The). By Lillian D. Wald. Henry Holt & Co., New York. $2.

More Jonathan Papers. By Elisabeth Woodbridge. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. $1.25.

TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION

Vagabond Voyage Through Brittany (A). By Mrs. Lewis Chase. The J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. $2.

Mrs. Chase does not write in as "literary" a style as one naturally expects from the describer of Brittany, nor do we find as much concerning the scenic and the historical as we should like. But her description of a boating trip from Dinan to Brest is so replete with homely, every-day, and yet appealing experiences that one finds one's self turning page after page of the book until the last page is read. The many illustrations from photographs taken by the author are exquisite.

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (The). By Emile Durkheim. Translated from the French by Joseph Ward Swain, M.A. The Macmillan Company, New York.

John's Gospel. Suggestions for the Study of the

Gospel by Individuals and in Groups. By Robert E.
Speer. The Fleming H. Revell Company, New York. 50c.
Our Man of Patience. By the Rev. Anees T. Ba-
roody, Ph.D. The Pilgrim Press, Boston. $1.
Chiefly a discussion of Job and his problems.
India and Its Faiths: A Traveler's Record. By

James Bissett Pratt, Ph.D., Professor in Williams College.
Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. $4.

This is quite unlike the record of an ordinary traveler. It records the present state of India, now stirred by the Zeitgeist. It reviews the various methods there followed in religion, education, and religious reform from the standpoint of one proficient in psychology and philosophy, wholly unbiased, and also sympathetic. It is a much-needed antidote to the ignorance and misinformation still prevailing, despite the multitude of books on India.

In his analysis of the six highly developed religions with which Christianity competes Professor Pratt finds that the nobler forms of Hinduism have

much in common with it, but are too intellectual for the masses, abandoned to polytheism. Educated Hindus freely confess to him the "practical" superiority of Christianity. They revolt from the dogmatic form in which it has been and by some still is presented, though not by liberally educated missionaries. The simple Gospel still encounters great obstacles in the unchristianized state of Christendom and the repellent manners of Western people.

Social Teachings of Christ Jesus (The): A Manual for Bible Classes, Christian Associations, Social Study Groups, etc. By W. Beatty Jennings, D.D. The Flem ing H. Revell Company, New York. 50c.

Diary of a French Army Chaplain. By Abbé Félix Klein. Andrew Melrose, Ltd., London.

The Outlook has already had occasion to commend the writings of Abbé Klein. The appearof the second edition of his experiences as an army chaplain deserves additional and emphatic commendation.

Drama of Three Hundred and Sixty-Five Days

(The) Scenes in the Great War By Hall Caine. The J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. $1. England's Guarantee to Belgium and Luxemburg, With the Full Text of the Treaties. By C. P. Sanger and H. T. J. Norton. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. $1.25.

Germany's Violations of the Laws of War, 19141915. Compiled under the Auspices of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Translated by J. O. P. Bland. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. $2.

In the Hands of the Enemy: Being the Experience
of a Prisoner of War. By Benjamin G. O'Rorke, M.A.
Longmans, Green & Co., New York. 50c.
Interesting war sketches by a chaplain.
Joffre Chaps and Some Others. By Pierre Mille.
Translated from the French by Bérengère Drillien. The
John Lane Company, New York. 50c.
Soldier stories-real experiences of Frenchmen
from the fighting line as told by them to the author.

Knitting Without "Specimens:" The Modern
Book of School Knitting and Crochet. By Ellen P.
Claydon and C. A. Claydon. E. P. Dutton & Co., New
York. $1.

Moral Education. By William T. Whitney, Pd.D.,
Ph.D. Leroy Phillips, Boston.
Russian Reader (A Graduated): With a Vocabu-
lary of All the Russian Words Contained in It. By
Henry Riola. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. $1.75.
Teaching in the Home: A Handbook for Intensive

Fertilization of the Child Mind for Instructors of
Young Children. By Adolf A. Berle, A.M., D.D. Mof-
fat, Yard & Co., New York. $1.25.

Vassar. By James Monroe Taylor and Elizabeth Hazelton Haight. Oxford University Press, New York. $1.50.

is President 'Emeritus of this famous college for Dr. Taylor, one of the joint authors of this book, women, which has just celebrated its fiftieth anniversary.

Antiquity of Man (The). By Arthur Keith, M.D., LL.D. The J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. 189 illustrations. $2.50.

An elaborate and somewhat technical study of the mystery of man's origin and of the light which science throws on that question.

on Modern Science.

How to Live: Rules for Healthful Living Based By Irving Fisher and Eugene Lyman Fisk, M.D. The Funk & Wagnalls Company, New York. $1.

DECEMBER 29, 1915

Offices, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York

THE STORY OF THE WAR:

A WEEK THAT MARKS AN EPOCH

The week December 15-22, 1915, will go down as an important epoch in the history of this war, and particularly in the history of England's part in the war, for it was marked by two decisive shifts in the British strategy; namely, the substitution of Sir Douglas Haig for Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in France and Belgium, and the practical abandonment of the attempt to force the Dardanelles. The withdrawal of 100,000 men from the Suvla Bay and Anzac positions on the Gallipoli Peninsula is generally hailed by military critics as a relinquishment of the campaign against Constantinople, although there has been no official announcement to this effect as we go to press, and although the positions at Sedd-el-Bahr are to be held by the allied forces afloat and ashore. But surely the voluntary abandonment of most of the foothold that was gained at the cost of about 100,000 lives and five ships to the British alone means that the Allies have definitely abandoned the hope of reaching the capital of the Turk through the historic straits or along their shores. This step is the open acknowledgment of a failure which has been apparent for months; and the feeling of the British public seems to be one of relief tinged with regret. There is nothing to be gained by the Allies in attempting to minimize the gravity of the defeat of this expedition. The failure of the principal undertaking against the Turk will, first of all, discourage the Russians, for whose benefit Frimarily it was begun, but it will be as well a severe blow to the prestige of the Allies among all the Balkan, Asiatic, and African races whose support they want to hold or gain.

The report that the Russians have captured Varna, one of the principal Bulgarian ports on the Black Sea, has not been officially confirmed as The Outlook goes to press. The landing of a large force of Russians at Varna, threatening the Bulgarians in the rear, would materially brighten the prospects of the

Allies in the Balkans. But it is noteworthy in this connection that in an interview with a staff correspondent of The Outlook, published last week, Sergius Sazonoff, the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, speaking of similar reports of a Russian landing at Varna, said: "I don't believe there will be a direct invasion of Bulgaria; certainly not on her coast line, where the natural difficulties are tremendous." However, Sazonoff added: But the Balkans are no longer in the zone of diplomacy, and you should seek such information, not from me, but from the military authorities."

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As this is written nothing is known of the destination of the force of one hundred thousand, the withdrawal of which from Gallipoli was accomplished, according to the British War Office, with total casualties of only three men wounded. The force of a hundred thousand may be transferred to Egypt, where the Suez Canal has been threatened, or to Greece, where the second great undertaking of the Allies in the east seems on the verge of utter rout. Of course the main purpose of the Balkan expedition of the Allies failed when the Servian army was driven from Servia and isolated from its would-be rescuers; but for the latter themselves to be swept out of Greece into the sea would mean a loss of prestige such as they have not yet sustained even at the Dardanelles, and would seem to mean the obliteration of all hope of Greek or Rumanian support. Therefore the most likely destination of the Gallipoli army would seem to be Salonika, where there is yet honor to be saved for the Allies even in the face of what is already a great victory for German

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Mr. Asquith's bill calling 1,000,000 more men to the flag, a step that will give England an army of about 4,000,000, the greatest she has ever had. Telling the House of Commons that "the whole question depends on organized labor," and that he must have 80,000 skilled and from 200,000 to 300,000 unskilled workers for new munitions factories, the Rt. Hon. David Lloyd George, Minister of Munitions, sounded the following alarm, which the British papers have taken up and re-echoed through the country:

"We have been too late in this, too late in that, too late in arriving at decisions, too late in starting this enterprise or that adventure. The footsteps of the Allies have been dogged by the mocking specter of too late. Let not Too Late' be inscribed on the portals of our workshops."

SIR DOUGLAS HAIG FOR
SIR JOHN FRENCH

The removal of Sir John French is another indication that England is dissatisfied with the way her war on land has been conducted. In the retreat from Mons, when "French's contemptible little army" stood off a force of from four to six times its own strength, and in the maneuver from the Aisne to Lys, which stopped the German reach for Calais, Sir John French came up to all that his brilliant work as a cavalry commander in the Boer War led his friends to expect of him. As a corps commander his reputation is undimmed. But as a strategist, directing large bodies of men over a wide area, through the unique difficulties presented by modern trench warfare, Sir John has been a disappointment. As an appreciation of his undoubted abilities, however, he has been made a Viscount and has been appointed Commander-in-Chief of the troops stationed in the United Kingdom.

The appointment of Sir Douglas Haig comes as no surprise to those who have been carefully reading official reports of fighting in France and Flanders. Raised to the rank of general in November, 1914, for distinguished service in the field, Sir Douglas Haig, as commander of the First Army of the Continental expedition, has been frequently lauded in the despatches of the man whom he now succeeds. In particular, he rendered conspicuous services when the British were aiding the French in driving the Germans from the Marne across the Aisne. In reporting the operations of September 14, 1914, Sir John

French said: "The action of the First Corps on this day under the command of Sir Douglas Haig was of so skillful, bold, and decisive a character that he gained positions which have enabled me to maintain my position for more than three weeks on the north bank of the Aisne River. . . . Throughout the Battle of the Aisne this advanced and commanding position was maintained, and I cannot speak too highly of the valuable services rendered by Sir Douglas Haig and the Army Corps under his command.”

Like Sir John French, Sir Douglas Haig (whose portrait appears on another page) made a reputation for himself in the Boer War. In fact, this reputation was largely gained when, as Major Haig, he was chief of staff to Colonel French in the operations around Colesberg, which paved the way for Lord Roberts's advance. In an interesting appreciation of Sir Douglas in the London Chronicle" it is said: "Before the war he had never commanded in action anything larger than a regiment; in maneuvers never anything larger than a division. At the Aisne he commanded a corps, and now he commands an army, and as his responsibilities increase so do his praises grow."

THE WELLAND CANAL PLOT

Another plot by German agents to injure the Allies while infringing upon American neutrality seems to have been frustrated by the arrest of four men charged with complicity in a conspiracy to wreck the Welland Canal. This canal joins Lake Erie with Lake Ontario and connects the heart of Canada with the mother country by an allwater route comprising, besides the Canal, the Great Lakes, the St. Lawrence River, and the Atlantic Ocean. Paul Koenig, Chief of Police of the Hamburg-American Line, is the chief figure mentioned in the complaint which was the basis for the issuance of warrants to the agents of the Department of Justice, who have been trailing Koenig and his associates since September. Arrested with him in the conspiracy, which is described in the complaint as a military enterprise to be conducted from the United States against the Dominion of Canada," were a recently naturalized citizen named R. E. Leyendecker, a clerk of the National City Bank of New York named Frederick Scheindl, who is alleged to have given Koenig information as to certain business transactions of the allied Governments, and a man named Fred Metz

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