admirable, Mother of our Creator, Mother of our Redeemer, Virgin most prudent, Virgin most venerable, Virgin most renowned, Virgin most powerful, Virgin most merciful, Virgin most faithful, Mirror of justice, Seat of wisdom, Cause of our joy, Spiritual vessel, Vessel of honor, Vessel of singular devotion, Mystical rose, Tower of David, Tower of ivory, House of gold, Ark of the covenant, Gate of heaven, Morning star, Health of the weak, Refuge of sinners, Comforter of the afflicted, Help of Christians, Queen of angels, Queen of patriarchs, Queen of prophets, Queen of apostles, Queen of martyrs, Queen of confessors, Queen of virgins, Queen of all saints."

The "Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary " is altogether the most popular form of devotion among Roman Catholics. It has been strongly recommended by many popes, who have granted great indulgences to those who practice it. It is said with beads, and is divided into 15 decades or tens, each decade consisting of the Lord's Prayer (= Pater noster), 10 Hail Mary's (= Ave Maria), and Glory be to the Father (= Gloria Patri). These 15 decades correspond with the 15" Mysteries of Redemption," 5 of which are joyful, 5 sorrowful, and 5 glorious. The 5 "Joyful Mysteries "-the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Nativity, the Presentation, the Finding in the Temple-are said on Mondays and Thursdays through the year, and daily from the 1st Sunday in Advent to the Feast of the Purification. The 5" Sorrowful Mysteries "-the Bloody Sweat, the Scourging at the Pillar, the Crowning with Thorns, the Carriage (= carrying) of the Cross, the Crucifixion—are said on Tuesdays and Fridays through the year, and daily from Ash-Wednesday to Easter-Sunday. The 5 "Glorious Mysteries "the Resurrection, the Ascension, the Coming of the Holy Ghost, The Assumption of our Blessed Lady, the Coronation of our Blessed Lady-are said on the ordinary Sundays, and Wednesdays and Saturdays through the year, and daily from Easter-Sunday to Trinity Sunday.

The manner of saying the Rosary on the beads may be understood by these directions with the accompanying cut.

On the cross, say the Apostles' Creed.

On the next large bead,

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say the Lord's Prayer. On the next small bead, say the Hail Mary,

thus:

"Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Who may increase our Faith. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now, and at the hour of our death. Amen." On the 2d small bead, repeat the Hail Mary, substituting

for the above italicized words, "Who may strengthen our Hope." On the 3d small bead, repeat

the Hail Mary, substituting in the same place, "Who may enliven our Charity." Then, and at the end of every decade, say,

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Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end.

Amen."

On the next large bead, and on every large bead, say the Lord's Prayer. In saying the 10 Hail Marys for the 1st "Joyful Mystery,', substitute for the above italicized clause, “Who was made man for us; ,, in the 2d, "Whom thou didst carry to St. Elizabeth's;" in the 3d," Who was born in a stable for us; in the 4th, "Who was presented in the temple for us; in the 5th, "Whom thou didst find in the temple."

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At the end of the 5 "Joyful Mysteries," and at the end of the 5 "Sorrowful" and 5" Glorious Mysteries," say the Salve Regina (= Hail, Queen) thus:

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"Hail! Holy Queen, Mother of Mercy, our life, our sweetness, and

our hope. To thee do we cry, poor banished children of Eve. To thee do we send up our sighs, mourning and weeping in this valley of tears. Turn then, O most gracious advocate, thine eyes of mercy towards us; and after this our exile is ended, show us the blessed fruit of thy womb, Jesus. O clement! O pious! O sweet Virgin Mary! "V. Pray for us, O holy Mother of God.

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"R. That we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ." In saying the 5" Sorrowful Mysteries," the clauses substituted in the "Hail Marys" for the italicized clause are: (1) "Who sweated blood for us;" (2) " Who was scourged for us; (3)" Who was crowned with thorns for us; (4) "Who carried the heavy cross for us;" (5) "Who was crucified and died for us." In saying the 5" Glorious Mysteries," substitute for the italicized clause (1)" Who arose from the dead; " (2) "Who ascended into heaven;" (3) " Who sent the Holy Ghost; " (4) Wo assumed thee [or, took thee up] into heaven," (5) Who crowned thee in heaven."

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The 5th "Glorious Mystery"-"the Coronation of the Blessed Virgin"-is represented in the accompanying cut, which is copied from

"The Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary," published with the approbation of the Most Rev. John Hughes, D. D., Archbishop of New York.

At the end of the chaplet or rosary, it is customary to say the "Litany of the Blessed

Virgin," which is given above.

The Fifth Glorious Mystery.

The "Living Rosary" is a sort of devotion which began in 1826 at Lyons in France, and was sanctioned by pope

'The introduction of the italicized clauses accords with the method of saying the rosary which is practiced by the Jesuits and Redemptorists. These clauses are given with some variations in different books. With these clauses, or instead of them, may be introduced a meditation and prayer for each mystery.

Gregory XVI. 15 persons form a company or circle, each taking by lot one of the 15 "Mysteries of the Rosary," and and reciting its decade(=10 Hail Marys, with a Lord's Prayer before it and a Gloria Patri) every day. A number of circles united under a clergyman as director, constitute a sodality (see Chap. XIV.).

The "devotion of the Scapulars," another popular mode of honoring the Virgin Mary, has its reputed origin in an appearance of the Virgin to Simon Stock, Superior General of the Carmelites, July 16, 1251, and her bestowal on him then of the Scapular of Mount Carmel (see Chapters XIV. and XIX.).

We also find in an authorized prayer-book for Roman Catholics an "Office of the Sacred and Immaculate Heart of Mary," the key-note of which is " Immaculate Heart of Mary! Inflame our hearts with the love with which you burn for Jesus." In another authorized prayer-book is a "Litany of the Sacred Heart of Mary," containing this petition: "Immaculate Mary, meek and humble of heart. Make our heart according to the Heart of Jesus."

"The Glories of Mary" is a book translated from the Italian of St. Alphonsus Liguori, founder of the Redemptorists; officially approved by "† John [Hughes], Archbishop of New York," in 1852; and published in New York by "T. W. Strong, late Edward Dunigan & Bro., Catholic Publishing House." The 5th discourse in the 2d part of this book is "on the Visitation of Mary," and is thus summed up in the table of contents:

"Mary is the treasurer of all the divine graces; therefore he who desires graces, should have recourse to Mary; and he who has recourse to Mary, should be secure of obtaining the graces he wishes."

In the discourse itself this language occurs:

"St. Bernard.... said: Let us then seek grace, and let us seek it through Mary, for what she seeks she finds, and can not be frustrated. If, then, we desire graces, we must go to this treasurer and dispensatrix of graces; for this is the sovereign will of the Giver of every good, as

St. Bernard himself assures us, that all graces are dispensed by the hand of Mary. All, all: Totum, totum [Latin, signifying 'all']; he who says all, excludes nothing..

...

"Let us ever remember the two great privileges which this good mother possesses, namely: the desire she has to do us good, and the power she has with her Son to obtain whatever she asks.... If we also desire the happy visits of this queen of heaven, it will greatly aid us if we often visit her before some image, or in some church dedicated to her."

The prayer with which this discourse is concluded, has these passages:

".... Ask, ask then for me, Oh most holy Virgin, whatever thou esteemest best. Thy prayers are never rejected.... I will live trusting in thee. Thou must think only on saving me. Amen."

In the 8th discourse, "On the Assumption of Mary," the heads are:

"1st. How glorious was the triumph of Mary when she ascended to heaven!

"2d. How exalted was the throne to which she was raised in heaven!"

The discourse itself says:

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"The Father crowns her by sharing with her his power, the Son his wisdom, the Holy Spirit his love. And all the three divine persons establishing her throne at the right hand of Jesus, declare her universal queen of heaven and of earth, and command angels and all creatures to recognize her for their queen, and as queen to serve and obey her...."

A part of the prayer at the end of the discourse is:

"Oh great, excellent, and most glorious Lady, prostrate at the foot of thy throne, we adore thee from this valley of tears. We rejoice at the immense glory with which our Lord has enriched thee. Now that thou art really queen of heaven and of earth, ah, do not forget us thy poor servants.... Obtain for us the holy love of God, a good death, and paradise. Oh Lady, change us from sinners to saints. Perform this miracle that will redound more to thy honor, than if thou didst re