24.

INDEPENDENT SIXTH READER.

A first power are ai, au, ay, e, ea, ee, ei, ey; as in the words gain, gauge, stray, melee', great, vein, they.

I. TONIC ELEMENTS.

For à, ai, au, ay, e, ea, ee, ei, ey; as in gain, gange, strc?', melee', great, vein, they.

For å, ai, ua; as in plaid, guaranty.

For å, au, e, ea, ua; as in haunt, sergeant, heart, guard. For å, au, aw, eo, o, oa, ou; as in fault, hawk, George. cork, broad, bought.

For å, ai, e, ea, ei; as in chair, there, swear, heir.

For è, ea, ee, ei, eo, ey, i, ie; as in read, deep, ceil, people, key, valise, field.

For 8, a, ai, ay, ea, ei, eo, ie, u, ue; as in any, said, says. head, heifer, leopard, friend, bury, guess.

For å, ea, i, o, ou, u, ue, y; as in earth, girl, word, scourge. burn, guerdon, myrrh.

For i, ai, ei, eye, ei, oi, ui, uy, y, ye; as in aisle, sleight. eye, die, choir, guide, buy, my, rye.

For i, ai, e, ee, ie, o, oi, u, ui, y; as in captain, pretty. been, sieve, women, tortoise, busy, build, hymn.

For ò, au, eau, eo, ew, oa, oe, oo, ou, ow; as in hautboy, beau, yeoman, sew, coal, foe, door, soul, blow.

For 8, a, ou, ow; as in what, hough, knowledge.

For 8, ew, oe, oo, ou, u, ui; as in grew, shoe, spoon, soup. rude, fruit.

For ù, eau, eu, ew, ieu, iew, ue, ui; as in beauty, feud. new, adieu, view, hue, juice.

For ů, o, oe, oo, ou; as in love, does, blood, young.
For ů, 0, 00, ou; as in wolf book, could.

For ou, ow; as in now.

For oi (ai), oy; as in boy.

II. SUBTONIC AND ATONIC ELEMENTS.

For f, gh, ph; as in cough, nymph.

For j, ġ; as in ġem, ġin.

For k, c, ch, gh, q; as in cole, conch, lough, etiquette.

ORAL ELEMENTS COMBINED.

For s, c; as in cell.

For t, d, th, phth; as in danced, Thames, phthisic.

For v, f, ph; as in of, Stephen.

For y, i; as in pinion.

For z, c, s, x; as in suffice, rose, xebec.

For z, g, 8; as in rouge, osier.

For ng, ǹ; as in anger, bark.

For ch, t; as in fustian.

25

For sh, c, ch, s, ss, t; as in ocean, chaise, sure, assure, martial.

AF

V.

ORAL ELEMENTS COMBINED.

FTER the instructor has given a class thorough drill on the preceding tables as arranged, the following exercises will be found of great value, to improve the organs of speech and the voice, as well as to familiarize the student with different combinations of sounds.

As the fifth element represented by a and the third element of e, are always immediately followed by the oral element of r in words, the r is introduced in like manner in these exercises. Since the sixth sound of a, when not a syllable by itself, is always immediately followed by the oral element of f, n, or s, in words, these letters are here employed in the same manner

3. thải, thắr, th, thả, thả, thă; thêr, thẻ, thẻ; ith, ith; ōth, ôth, ŏth; uth, uth, üth; outh. ouch; ůch, uch, uch; och, och, ōch; ich, ich; êrch, ếch, ếch; châf, chā, chả, chẳr, chả, chă. oush; ůsh, ush, ūsh; ōsh, ôsh, Ŏsh; ish, ish; sher, shē, shě; shẳn, shår, shã, shâ, shă, shả. whou; whŭ, whủ, whũ; whō, whỏ, who; whĩ, whĩ; wher, whẻ, whe; whås, whår, whẳ, whă, whã, whâ.

E

VI.

ERRORS IN ARTICULATION.

RRORS in Articulation arise, first, from the omission of one or more elements in a word; as,

Secondly, from uttering one or more elements that

should not be sounded; as,

Thirdly, from substituting one element for another; as,

Th_subtonic and Th atonic.-Nouns which, in the singular, end in th atonic (th in thin), usually preserve the same sound in the plural; as, death, deaths; sabbath, sabbaths; truth, truths; youth, youths, etc.; but in the plurals of the seven following words the th is subtonic (th in this); viz., bath, baths; cloth, cloths; lath, laths; mouth, mouths; oath, oaths; path, paths; wreath, wreaths.

A

VII.

WORDS.

WORD is one or more oral elements, or letters used to represent an idea.

2. Words are divided into primitive, derivative, simple, and compound.

3. A Primitive Word is not derived, but constitutes a root from which other words are formed; as, faith, ease. 4. A Derivative Word is formed of a primitive and an affix or prefix; as faithful, disease.

5. A Simple Word is one that can not be divided without destroying the sense; as an, the, book.

6. A Compound Word is formed by two or more words, as inkstand, book-binder, laughing-stock.

IN

VIII.

ANALYSIS OF WORDS.

N order to secure a practical knowledge of the preceding definitions and tables, to learn to spell spoken words by their oral elements, and to understand the