CHA To engrave, inscribe, or describe, (sc., the marks or notes which designate, distinguish, or represent, the qualities, whether good or bad, of any person or thing, whether virtues or vices, merits or demerits, effects or defects. And he schal make alle, smale and greete, and riche and pore, and fre man and boonde man to have a carecter in her right hond, either in her forheedis, that no man bie either selle but thei han the carecter either the name of the beeste, either nombre of his name. - Wiclif. Apocalips, c. 13. - And eke it was through writ With names, whiche he shuld witte As she hym taught tho to rede, Without rest of any while, Whan he were londed in that ile, He shuld make his sacrifice, And rede his carecte in the wise, As she hym taught.-Gower. Con A. b. v. They had wrytynge some Greke, some Ebrew, Some Romayne letters as I vnderstode, Some were olde written, some were writen new, Some carectis of Caldy, some French was full good. Skelton. The Crown of Laurell. Thy gift, thy fables, are within my brain Full character'd with lasting memory! Which shall above that idle rank remain, Beyond all date, even to eternity. Shakes. Son. 122. - Was every sin, Character'd in his satires, made so foul That some have fear'd their shapes, and kept their soul, Yet there remains in them also a burden on it as heavy as the other two were disgraceful or superstitious, and of as much iniquity, crossing a law not only written by Moses, but charactered in us by nature, of more antiquity and deeper ground than marriage itself. CHA He will represent to him as often, and with as much zeal, out of the support as you or I should, the virtues of his ancestors, and what a Melmoth. Pliny, b. iii. Let. 3. In short, whatever partakes of fancy or caprice, goes under the denomination of picturesque, which (however it be admired in its proper place,) is incompatible with that sobriety and gravity, which is peculiarly the characteristick of this art, [sc. sculpture.]-Sir Joshua Reynolds, Disc. 10. It has, indeed, been advanced by Addison, as one of the characteristicks of a true critic, that he points out beauties rather than faults. Rambler, No. 132. Such transitions often excite mirth, or other sudden or tumultuous passions; but not that sinking, that melting, that languor, which is the characteristical effect of the beautiful as it regards every sense. Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful, s. 25. How characteristically does hope prolong her strain, repeat her soothing closes, call upon her associate echo for the same purposes, and display every pleasing grace peculiar to her!-Langhorne. On Collins. Ode on the Passions. His next tragedy, (1702) was Tamerlane, in which under the name of Tamerlane, he intended to characterize King William, and Lewis the fourteenth under Bajazet. CHARE, v. CHARE-WORK. } Johnson. Life of Rowe. From the A. S. Cyran, acyran, vertere, revertere, to turn, to turn about, to turn backwards and forwards. A char, when used alone, means some single separate act, such as we likewise call a turn or bout. A char-woman, then, is one who takes her turn or bout, at any work; who goes out for a day's miliage Doctrine &c. of Divorce, Pref. turn at work; and not, surely, as Tooke asserts, He, I say, for that appears by the event, and the correspondencies of their sayings to his person: he was described by infallible characterisms which did fit him, and did never fit any but him. Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, b. i. c. 4. Here I confidently deny the assumption. For it is not the characteristicall of a body to have dimensions, but to be impenetrable. More. Immortality of the Soul, b. i. c. 10. Mightie states characterlesse are grated To dusty nothing. Shakes. Troil. & Cress. Act iii. sc. 2. A third sort in a mean course betwixt the two other, and compounded of them both, bestowed their time in drawing out the true lineaments of every virtue and vice, so lively, that who saw the medals might know the face which art they significantly termed charactery. Bp. Hall. Charact. of Virtues & Vices. A Premonilion. Shakespeare. Merry Wiues of Windsor, Act v. sc. 5. In all his dressings, caracts, titles, formes, Sweet brook in whose clear crystal I my eyes Drummond. Sonnets, pt. i. s. 18. Because some Protestants practise this and characterical cures (which notwithstanding are more frequent among Roman Catholics) he therefore calls them Magi-Calvinists, characterists, &c. -Wood. Athena Oxon, vol. i. p. 590. He [Richard Martin] was worthily characterized by the virtuous and learned men of his time, to be princeps amorum, principum amor, &c. Id. Ib. From top of this there hung a rope, To which he fasten'd telescope, The spectacles with which the stars He reads in smallest characters.-Hudibras, pt. ii. c. 2. Of sensible substances there are two sorts; one of organized bodies, which are propagated by seed; and in these, the shape is that which to us is the leading quality and most characteristical part that determines the species. Locke. On Hum. Underst. b. iii. c. 6. You must know, Sir, I am one of that species of women, whom you have characterized under the name of Jilts. Spectator, No. 401. So far as they have some characterising marks in common, they may be judged by a common standard; but an allowance must always be made for the sentiments which are peculiar to the several characters. so called, because she returns home to her own Introd. to Fletcher's Piscatory Eclogues. The levee swarms, as if in golden pomp Cowper. Task, b. iii. Almost all the men had their names traced upon their arms, in indelible characters of a black colour, and the women had a square ornament of flourished lines impressed in the same manner, just under the bend of the elbow. Cook. Voyage, vol. ii. b. iii. c. 9. A first turn boy, a second turn boy, &c. is a His hands to woll, and arras worke, Warner. Albion's England, b. ii. c. 11. Cleo. No more but in a woman, and commanded Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act iv. sc. 13. Bob. I approve Your counsel, and will practise it; bazilos manos: Here's two chewres chewr'd. Beaum. & Fletch. Loves Cure, Act iii. sc. 1. Get three or four chair-women to attend you constantly in the kitchen, whom you pay at small charges, only with the broken meat, a few coals, and all the cinders. Swift. Directions to Servants, c. 2. Agreo, that in harvest us'd to lease; Dryden. Third Idyll of Theocritus. Sent for the dame, who poor and willing, CHARGE, v. CHA'RGEABLENESS. CHARGELESS. CHA/RGER. CHA it can hold heavier or weightier loads or quantities. Lloyd. The New River Head. Fr. Charger; It. Caricare; Sp. Cargar; (Menage, Skinner and Junius agree,) from the semi-barbarous Caricare, (from Carrus,) pro onerare, ac proprie carrum onerare, (See Vossius de Vit. Ser. lib. iv. c. 3.) Hence also cargo, (qv.) And whanne I was among ghou and hadde nede I was chargeous to no man. Id. Ib. c. 11. To load; to place, put or lay a load, or burthen; to impose a weight or burthen. And (met.)To impose a weight or burthen, (sc.) of an accusation or crime, a censure, a debt, or expense, a command or order; an injunction; a commission, trust or duty; a risk, a task; to lay on, impose or fix a price; and hence: - to accuse, to censure, to command, to commission, to entrust. Who so shall tell a tale after a man, Chaucer. Prologue, v. 735. All speke he never so rudely and so large. For he taketh of nought els kepe For he ne parteth nought withall, But keepeth it as seruaunt shall. Gower. Con. A. b. v. But for Charlys was at that tyme lettyd with chargeable busynesse, he therefore sent a nobleman agayne them callen Comard, unto the river of Sayne to wt stande ye said enemyes. Fabyan, c. 165. To charge the enemy, -is to bear upon them, make an orset or attack upon them, with all weight, force, or vigour. To charge the jury, is to lay before them the whole weight of the evidence of the case. Charger, a dish,-ab onere, says Skinner because By reason wherof we be most notably charged with masses, sufferings, & other alms deeds, for his benefits to us most chargeably exhibit. Strype. Records, No. 30. Abbot of York to Wolsey. For lo (as Paul witnesscth afterwarde) whan he was full pore and nedy preaching among the people, he was not chargeous unto them, but with his handes he traueled not only to get his owne lyuynge, but also the lyuyng of other poore and nedy creatures. State Trials. Thorpe for Heresy, an. 1407. Such plenty siluer plate behynd them left they glad did Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. ii. For never in any other warre afore, gave the Romanes a And all this tract that fronts the falling sun Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 15. The Parliament voted, that it be referred to persons out of the House to take into consideration, what inconveniencies there are in the law, and how the mischiefs that grew from the delays, the chargeableness, and the irregularities in the proceedings of law, may be prevented. Whitelock. Memoirs, an. 1651. Here's the note Hou much your chaine weighs to the vtmost charect, Shakespeare. Comedy of Errors, Act iv. sc. 1. The first pretence was, that the committee, who now was at charge of an house to sit in, might make their dayly session there, being a place both more publick, roomy, and chargeless, the committee after many consultations resolved it convenient to move thither.-Bp. Hall. Hard Measure. Men do not use to pick quarrels with their friends; and, And now embark'd they seek the British isles; Hughes. The Triumph of Peace. It seems to be with the devil in respect of the disorders of the soul, as it is with the spleen in respect of the distempers of the body; whatsoever is amiss, or indisposed, the charge is sure to lie there. South, vol. viii. Ser. 4. These being mighty scrupulous and precise in observing the traditions of their fathers and the little rites and ceremonies of their law, which were not very troublesome, or chargeable, they were esteemed very righteous, both by others and themselves too, altho in the meanwhile they neglected the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith, as our Saviour tells them to their faces. Bp. Beveridge, vol. i. Ser. 84. - Nor dare close their eyes, Void of a bulky charger near their lips, With which, in often interrupted sleep, Their dry-furr'd tongues, else minutely to death Obnoxious, dismal death, th' effect of drought. J. Phillips. Cider, b. ii. We took in 270 lbs. of fresh beef and a live bullock charged at 613 lbs. Cook. Voyages, vol. i. b. i. c. 1. A musket was therefore fired over them, but finding it did them no harm, they seemed rather to be provoked than intimidated, and I therefore fired a four pounder charged with grape shot, wide of them. Id. Ib. vol. i. b. ii. c. 2. Those holy Beings, whose superior care Guides erring mortals to the paths of virtue, Resign their charge to baseness and to ruin. Johnson. Irene, Act iii. sc. 8. Of this interest, three hundred and eighty-three thousand two hundred pounds a year stood chargeable on the public revenues of the Carnatic. past part. of the A. S. Cyran, to turn, turn about. See CHAIR. A kind of car or carriage turning on wheels, (now used for comfort or pleasure rather than other purposes.) To chariot, is to carry, or ride in, to drive, a chariot. No; age forbids, and fixt within depe brest His countrey's loue, and falling Rome's ymage; Uncertaine Auctors. Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Death. He had intended moreouer (since he was reputed to have equalled Apollo in singing and matched the sun in charioting) to imitate also the worthie acts of Hercules. Holland. Suetonius, p. 208. O wherefore was my birth from Heaven foretold Twice by an angel, who at last in sight Of both my parents all in flames ascended From off the altar, where an off'ring burn'd, As in a fiery column charioting His Godlike presence, and from some great act Or benefit reveal'd to Abraham's race? CHARITY. CHARITABLE. CHARITABLENESS. CHARITABLY. CHARITATIVE. CHA/RITOUS. Fr. Charité; It. Carita; Sp. Caridad; Lat. Caritas. Carus, (says Vossius,) properly signifies, pretiosus; and Carus (Perottus,) a carendo. When there is a dearth of food carent homines, and then it is said liger is to the same effect. to be Cara. And Scaliger Of similar origin and application is the English, Dear, (qv.) Carus, then, signifies Precious, valuable; and therefore valued, highly prized, much esteemed, much loved, because the dearth, scarcity, or want of that, so valued, is hurtful or painful; attended with anxiety or care. And charity is applied to The feeling caused by the perception of the wants or sufferings of others; to a desire to relieve them, to a love for our fellow creatures, or goodwill, benevolence; to acts for their relief, or beneficence. And see the example from Dr. S. Clarke. But charite and chastite, beh chaced out clene. Piers Plouhman. Crede. Charite is pacient, it is benygne. charite enuyeth not, it doith not wickidli, it is not blowun, it is not coueitous, it sekith not the thingis that ben his owne. it is not stired to wraththe, it thenkith not yuel, it ioieth not on wickednesse, but it ioieth togidre in truethe. it suffrith alle thingis, it beleueth alle thingis, it hopith alie thingis, it susteyneth alle thingis. charite fallith neuere doun.-Wiclif. 1 Cor. c. 13. But for to speken of hire conscience, Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 143. But nowe hereafter thou shalt here What God hath wrought in this matere, As he that doothe all equitee To him that wrought charitee, He was ayenewarde charitous, And to pitee he was pitous.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii. After his connyng and power a prieste sholde besy him to Milton. Samson Agonistes. enfourme, and to reule whomesoeuer he myght charitably. -Forth rushd with whirlwind sound State Trials. Thorpe for Heresy, an. 1407. The chariot of paternal Deitie, Four nimble gnats the horses were. Their harnesses of gossamere, Fly Cranion, her charioteer, Upon the coach-box getting. Drayton. The Court of Fairy. They raisde a huge pile, and to armes went every Myrmidon Charg'd by Achillis; chariots and horse were harnessed, Fighters and charioteers got up, and they, the sad march led: A cloud of infinite foot behind. Chapman: Homer. Iliad, b. xxiii. -Undelaying each Complied, and in bright arms stood soon array'd, First mov'd the chariots, after whom the foot Cowper. Id. Ib. It pleased my mynde exceedynglye, that your accustummed louynge charitablenesse toward me, (whiche was entermitted euer it was towardes me. Udal. Philippians, c. 4. And here I make a petition to you my friends, who would have bestowed any thing on me: I beseech you, for charitysake bestow it yearly on my wife, who hath four small children, and God hath now taken me away who was her staff and stay. State Trials. Dr. Story. 14 Elizab. an. 1571. Say, heav'nly powers, where shall we find such love, Man's mortal crime, and just th' unjust to save, Millon. Paradise Lost, b. iii. I will be charitably iealous of those men, which from notorious lewdnesse leap at once into a sudden forwardnesse of profession. Holinesse, doth not, like Jonas gourd, grow up in a night. Bp. Hall. Meditations & Vows. For this charitative fraternal corruption then, which is not any man's peculiar province or inclosure, but the engagement and duty of every brother, or common Christian, it is the same thing (thougli belonging to us in another capacity) that the first admonition both Matt. xviii. & Titus, iii. was. Hammond. Works, vol. i. p. 290. To this immediately succeeded the Latine tract of confirmation, in answer to the exceptions of Mr. Daillée which was then prepar'd for the press, though detain'd much longer Fell. Life of Hammond, s. 1. accompanied with my wife, int ion, departed from London, upon prudential or rather charitative considerations. horses, having sent two servants before, well mounted to attend me on the road, with a led horse for myself, if there should be occasion.-Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 371. The said chair drawn by six chariot horses trapt black velvet: upon every horse fourruretrap with King's arms and Queen'sy beaten four escutcheons of the sarcenet; and upon every horse's forehead a sharon of the said arms. Strype. Memoirs. Edw. VI. an. 1557. VOL. I. The precepts of charity delivered by our Saviour and his apostles are so plain, so full, so many, so easie to be understood, and those precepts inforced by so just, and reasonable and pious considerations, with respect to God, to the world, to fellow Christians, to the honour of our religion, and lastly to ourselves, from the comfort that is in welldoing, and the reward that follows it; that a man must have great impudence to profess himself a Christian, and yet to think himself not obliged to do acts of charity. Stillingfleet, vol. ii. Ser. 7. But it matters not much which of them to pitch upon, for they all come to one sense; and that is this, That to to be be very charitable in this world, is a good means to secure to ourselves a little of eternal happiness in the next. Sharp, vol. i. Ser. 4. In fine, without any prejudice to this age be it said, he seemed to me, by his faith and by his charitableness, to include in his soul some grains of the golden age, and to be a relick of those times, when piety and miracles were sincere. Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 76. He is no fool, who charitably gives When excess, either with an apoplexy, knocks a man on the head; or with a feaver, like fire in a strong-water shop burns him down to the ground. Or if it flames not out, charks him to a coal.-Grew. Cosmo. Sacra, b. iii. c. 5. Oh if this coale could be so charcked as to make iron melt out of the stone, as it maketh it in smiths forges to be wrought in the bars. Fuller. Worthies. Shropshire. But I will now describe to you the mystery of charking (whereof something was but touch'd in the process of extracting tar out of the pine) as I received it from a most industrious person. -Evelyn. On Forest Trees, c. 30. from CHARLATAN, n. Fr. Charlatan; It. Ciar} CHARLATA/NICAL flatano, cerretano, Ciarlare, to talk much, itself of uncertain etymology. See Menage, Dict. Etymologique, and Le Origini della Lingua Italiana. "Fr. Charlatan, a mountebank, a cousening drugseller, a prattling quacksalver, a tatler, babler, foolish prater, or commender of trifles." Ordinary quacks and charlatans are thoroughly sensible how necessary it is to support themselves by these collateral assistances, and therefore always lay their claim to some supernumerary accomplishments, which are wholly foreign to their profession. -Tatler, No. 240. A cowardly soldier, and a charlatanical doctor, are the principal subjects of comedy. Cowley. CHARM, v. CHARM, n. CHA'RMED, adj. CHA/RMER. CHA/RMERESS. CHA/RMFUL. CHA'RMING, adj. CHARMINGLY. "From the Fr. G. Charme; It. Ciarma, carmen; Fr. G. Charmer; It. Ciarmare, incantare; all from the Lat. Carmen, i. e. carmen magicum," (Skinner.) Of the Lat. Carmen, the etymology is unknown. To charm is to act upon by charms or incantations. To delight, to please in a high degree; to enchant, to enrapture; to enslave or enthral the affections, with delight, with any subduing, overpowering influence, so as to stun or palsy the faculties of the mind, to deprive them of action, of discrimination, or discernment. Bote thorw charme hadde ich a chaunce and my cheif hele. Piers Plouhman, p. 91. There saw I-charmeresses, Old witches, sorceresses, That usen exorsisations. --Chaucer. House of Fame, b. iii. And with spellyng, and hir charmes And hym vpon hir herbes cast. Gower. Con. A. b. v. He had as leue sande as holy salte, and be smered with vnholowed butter as anoynted wyth the holye chrisme, which he calleth charmed oyle. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 377. Thou art conuersaunt with them that contrarye to theyr Christen profession support the execrable doctryne of that subtyle sothsayer & cursed charmer Balaam. Bale. Image, pt. i. CHẠ And Gaal answered agayne, and sayde; see there come folcke doune by the mydle of the lande, and another companie come alonge by ye charmars ocke. Bible, 1551. Judges, c. 9. And he at the voyce of Jesus, as thoughe it hadde bene one by some strong charmyng or enchauntemente clene chaunged into an other manier of man, ariseth vp, and all thynges leafte alone behynde him, euen as he was, he folowed the Lorde. Udal. Luke, c. 5. This word charmes, derived of carmina, serveth to shew the great reverence those wits are held in, and altogether not without ground, since both the oracles of Delphos and the Sybels prophesies were wholly delivered in verses; for that same exquisite observing of number and measure in the words, and that high-flying liberty of conceit proper to the poet, did seem to have some divine force in it. Sydney. Defence of Poesy. Apollo (angry at the sight) from top of Ilion cride, Turne head, ye well-rode peeres of Troy, feed not the Grecians pride; They are not charm'd against your points of steele, nor iron fram'd; Nor fights the faire-hair'd Thetis sonne, but sitts at fleet inflam'd.-Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. iv. Vain wisdom all, and false philosophie: Yet with a pleasing sorcerie could charm Pain for a while or anguish.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii. Who knows not Circe, The daughter of the Sun, whose charmed cup Whoever tasted, lost his upright shape, And downward fell into a groveling swine?-Id. Comus. He can requite thee, for he knows the charms That call fame on such gentle acts as these, And he can spread thy name o'er lands and sea, Whatever clime the sun's bright circle warms. Id. s. 8. If you be gentle, and indeed incline To let me taste the comfort of your wine; Dissolue the charmes, that their forc't formes encheine, And shew me here, my honor'd friends, like men. Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. x. So that if (as hath been proved) their not acknowledging of the true God, was grounded upon a perverse resolution, not to change any custom of their fathers, either in opinion or practice, though never so absurd; then was the ignorance, (or as St. Paul might have called it, the idolatry) of those times impious, affected, not a natural blindness, but a partinacious winking, not a simple deafness, but a resolved stubbornness not to hear the voice of the charmer. Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 643. Whilst this great vision labours in his thought, Cowley. Davideis, b. i. Fer. This is a most maiesticke vision, and Harmonious charmingly; may I be bold To thinke these spirits? Shakes. Tempest, Activ. sc. 1. Let any one read the fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of St. Matthew's gospel, and judge if they do not, (as it were,) set before his eyes such a lovely image and representation of the true vertue, as Plato said could not but charm men with the strongest degree of love and admiration imaginable. Clarke. On the Attributes, Prop. 10. Those who did not know him well, [Wm. III.] and who imagined that a crown had charms, which human nature was not strong enough to resist, looked on all this as an affectation, and as a disguised threatening, which imported, that he would leave the nation to perish, unless his method of settling was followed.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1689. Sweet is the spring and gay the summer hours, Broome. Daphnis & Lycidas. So the sweet Thracian, with his charming lyre, Into rude nature virtue did inspire; So he the savage herd to reason drew; Yet scarce so sweet, so charmingly as you. Verses in Praise of Dryden. CHA Whose iugemet semeth me somewhat like, as though mẽ Such are those thick and gloomy shadows damp When Antiochus was marching on furiously to turn Jeru- Now from yon black and funeral yew, That bathes the charnel-house with dew Parnell. A Night Piece on Death. Let us with silent footsteps go Dr. Warton. Ode to Fancy. I see thee now, delusive as thou art, Without one symbol to alarm the heart. Not ev'n upon thy flowing vest is shown An emblematic dart, or charnel-bone. CHART. CHA'RTER, v. Hart. The Vision of Dealh. Fr. Chartre; Lat. Charta; Gr. Χαρτης, from Χαρασσειν, sculpere, inscribere, (Eustathius And Χαρτης, id quod insculpitur CHA'RTER, n. and Martinius.) sive inscribitur; that which is written upon. Maps or geographical delineations or descriptions are called charts. See CARD OF CARTS. A charter is that, on which any thing is written; more especially, by which any rights or privileges are affirmed or assured; by which any thing is given or granted, covenanted or agreed upon. The King made ek is chartre to the court of Rome, To bicome the Pope's man and homage him do. R. Gloucester, p. 506. His other sonne William Inglond assigned he, And alle that of him cam with chartre mad he fre. R. Brunne, p. 83. And seide to here a chartre Piers Plouhman. Crede. That Gyle hath gyve to falsnesse.-Piers Plouhman, p. 27. Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3327. With that the kynge right in his place Unto this knight, with rent and londe, Gower. Con. A. b. i. Some shewed his safe conduct, some shewed his chart. Skelton. The Crown of Laurell. For in his books of the feats of war, and how battles should be ordered, he was not onely contented to see them drawn and set out in charts and maps, but would also put them in execution, in the places themselves as they were set out. North. Plutarch, p. 307. But in the first year of this King's reign, [William the Conqueror,] he granted to the city of London their first charter and liberties in as large form as they enjoyed them in the time of King Edward the Confessor, which he granted at the suit of William, a Norman Bishop of London; in grateful remembrance whereof the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, upon the solemn days of their resort to Pauls, do still use to walk to the grave stone where this Bishop lies interred.-Baker. William I. an. 1079. Turne him to any cause or pollicy, The Gordian knot of it he will vnloose, Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act i. sc. 1. Do we not see, among ourselves, the owner use his cattle as he pleases, employ them as he thinks fit, keep what he will alive, kill what he will, and in what manner he will; and all this without any injury to them, only by virtue of a grant and charter from both his and their maker? South, vol. viii. Ser. 11. The foregoing account of these islands, in the order in which we explore them, not being particular enough either as to situation or description, it may not be improper now to give a more accurate view of them, which, with the annexed chart, will convey to the reader a better idea of the whole groupe.--Cook. Voyages, vol. iv. b. iii. c. 7. The charters, which we call by distinction great, are publick instruments of this nature, (formal recognitions, by the sovereign power, of an original right in the subject,) I mean in the charters of King John and King Henry the Third. The things secured by these instruments may, without any demen.-Burke. On Mr. Fox's East India Bill, CHA'RNEL, adj. From the Lat. Caro, carCHA/RNEL, n. } nis, flesh. "Fr. Charnier, a place wherein dead bodies are ceitful ambiguity, be very fitly called the chartered rights of laid or their bones kept," (Cotgrave.) Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4786. This innocent out of this world to chace. Uncertaine Auctors. That al Things, &c If thou, fighting 'gainst heaven's enemies, Shalt flie away, abandoning the cross, The ensign of thy holy general, With shame thou justly shalt be rob'd of it, Chas'd from our company, and cut away, As an infectious, putrefied limb. Beaum. & Fletch. The Knight of Malta, Act v. sc. 1. Pursus't thou being a man) a god? thy rage hath never done. Acknowledge not thine eyes my state? esteems thy minde 1 Yet had she oft been chas'd with horns and hounds, And Scythian shafts; and many winged wounds Aim'd at her heart, was often forc'd to fly, And doom'd to death, though fated not to die. Dryden. Hind & Panther. The glare did not continue long before it rained again, and kept us from sight of each other; but if they had seen and chased us we were resolved to run our bark and canoas ashore, and take ourselves to the mountains. Dampier. Voyages, vol. i. c. 1. Like some poor exil'd wretch, The frighted chase leaves her late dear abodes, Ah! never to return! Somervile. The Chase. I must have leave to be of opinion, that the agitation of that exercise [hunting], with the example and number of the chasers, not a little contribute to resist those checks, whiclı compassion would naturally suggest in behalf of the animal pursued.-Pope. Guardian, No. 61. Meantime the Belgians tack upon our reer, And raking chace-guns through our sterns they send: Close by, their fire-ships, like jackalls, appear, Who on their lions for the prey attend. Dryden. Annus Mirabilis. When we were got about two or three miles from the shore, we perceived some of the natives following us in a canoa with a saile; we did not, however, think it worth while to wait for her, and though she had passed the reef, she soon after gave over the chace. Cook. Voyages, vol. i. b. i. c. 7. CHASM, v. Gr. Χασμα, from Χαιν-ειν, hiscere, to gape, to open. Desire had now the goal in sight: Swift. Desire & Possession. As the memory relieves the mind in her vacant moments, and fills up the chasms of thought with ideas of what is past, we have other faculties that agitate and employ her upon what is to come. These are the passions of hope and fear. Spectator, No. 471. Between the lowest positive existence and nothing, wherever we suppose positive existence to cease, is another chasm infinitely deep: where there is room again for endless orders of subordinate nature, continued for ever and for ever, and yet infinitely superior to non-existence. CHASTE, adj. CHA/STEN. CHA/STENER. CHA/STENING, n. CHA/STELY. CHA/STENESS. CHASTITY. CHASTISE. CHASTISEMENT. CHASTISER. CHASTISING, n. Johnson. Review of a Free Enquiry. Fr. Chaste; It. and Sp. Casto; Lat. Castus. Vossius thinks from Καζειν, which signifies Κοσμεειν, ornare, decorare; and thus, Castus will -be quasi Καστος, i. e. ornatus, decorus, adorned, decorated. As now applied it is Pure, uncorrupt, uncontaminated; not spotted, blemished, tarnished, or stained; by any action, passion, or affection, that can pollute either mind or body. Applied to style in composition Pure, free from false ornament, from bad taste, from licentiousness. To chasten to purify, to free from impurity, to free from spot or blemish, to remove a fault, to correct. To chastise to chasten, to purify, to amend, to correct, to castigate, (sc.) by punishment, and thus to punish. Cheste in Piers Plouhman, see CHEST. The kyng it was herd, and chastised his meyne, & other afterward left of ther nycete.-R. Brunne, p. 123. Be as chast as a chyld. that nothr chit ne fyghteth. Piers Plouhman, p. 21. What cheste & meschaunce. to children of Israel Ful on hem that free were, thorwe two false preestes. Id. Ib. p. 6. I love ghou bi the love of God for I haue spousid ghou to oon housbonde to ghelde a chaast virgyn to Christ. Wiclif. 2 Cor. c. 11. I am gelous ouer you with godly gelousy. For I coupled you to one man, to make you a chaste virgin to Christ. Bible, 1551. Ib. And while he disputide of rightwisnesse and chastite, and of doom to comynge, Felix was maad tremblynge. Wiclif. Dedis, c. 24. The Lord chastiseth him that he loueth, he beetith euery sone that he resseyueth, abide ghe, stille in chastysing, God profrith hym to ghou as to sones. Id. Hebrewis, c. 11. It is to sayn in English, Heven's lilie, He useth all means to prevent their falling into sin, and For pure chastenesse of virginitee. to keep them steadfast to their duty, he affords them all the Chaucer. The Second Nonnes Tale, v. 15,555. means of grace and assists them in the use thereof: if notFor he fro vices wold him ay chastise withstanding they offend against his laws, he chastiseth Discretely, as by word, and not by dede. them one way or other, not for his own pleasure, but for their profit, that they may partake of his holiness. Bp. Beveridge, vol. i. Ser. 68. Id. The Monkes Tale, v. 13,423. And they that han will to do wickednesse, restreinen hir wicked purpos, when they sen the punishing and the chastising of the trespasours. Id. The Tale of Melibcus. The kynge bethought himselfe tho, Howe he his brother maie chastie. - Gower. Con. A. b. i. So that with vaine honour deceiued Thou haste the reuerence weiued Wolt nothynge knowen of thy God, Id. Ib. b. i. He that nowe beholdeth another mannes wife chastely, like as he looketh vpon his sister, or daughter, he hath well cast out his noysome iye, and taken for it the iye of a doue, a cleane and a single iye. Udal. Matthew, c. 5. Wherefore if they dedicate them selues vnto Christ, out of fayth to liue purely, and chastly, then let them so remayne wythout any fable, and strongly, and stedfastly to abyde the rewarde of virginitie. Barnes. Works, p. 318. And sooth it is, she liude in wiuely bond so well, As she from Collatinus wife of chastice bore the bell. -Turberville. To his Love, &c. But maisters, how was God mercifull to Pharoa, by softness and by sufferaunce, whome hee chastened so sore with ten plagues, and with such plagues as Moyses marueyled of. Barnes. Works, p. 281. A solempe censor, and chastner of euery younge man's sinne. Drant. Horace. The Arte of Poetry. Beholde happie is the man, whom God punisheth: therefore despice not thou the chasteninge of the Almighty. Bible, 1551. Job, c. 5. My Ratclif, when thy retchlesse youth offends, Surrey. Exhortation to learne by others Trouble. Oh! diverse are the chastesings of sinne Filde wythe offence. Wyat, Psalm 32. The infant world great freedome did allow, To those delights which people did the ground, At least strict lawes did furnish none as now, Stirling. Doomes-day. The Ninth Houre. - Must she Who hath preserved her spotless chastity By agues and diseases be embrac'd? Forbid it holy Dian. Carew. Upon the Sickness of E.S. He chastiseth and corrects, as him seems best, in his deep, unsearchable, and secret judgment, and all for our good. Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 329. Then the nine tribunes, by setting down a decree between them, made an end of the strife: and pronounced by authority of their colledge, that they would assist C. Valerius the Cos. to award any penaltie, restreint, or chastisement, upon them that refused to be enrolled for warfare. Holland. Livivs, p. 173. [There were] other imitators of his [Hercules] vertue, as Dio, Timolion, Aratus, Harmodius, Aristogiton, with other such honourable princes bearing titles of chastisers, and correctors of tyrants. Prynne. Soveraigne Power, pt. iii. p. 22. It is well known by the learned, that there was a temple upon Mount Ætna dedicated to Vulcan, which was guarded by dogs of so exquisite a smell, say the historians, that they could discern whether the persons who came thither were chaste or otherwise. These dogs were given to Vulcan by his sister Diana, the goddess of hunting and of chastity, having bred them out of some of her hounds, in which she had observed this natural instinct and sagacity. Spectator, No. 579. He [Dr. Sacheverel] resolved to force himself into popu larity and preferment, by the most petulant railings at libels, wrote without either chasteness of style, or liveliness dissenters, and low churchmen, in several sermons and of expression: all was one unpractised strain of indecent and scurrilous language. Burnet. Own Time, an. 1709. If their enemies are afflicted, then God's judgments argue his hatred; but if themselves are brought low, judgments then are only chastisements, or at the most casual contingents.-South, vol. viii. Ser. 11. I go farther; it must keep alive some part of that fire of jealousy eternally and chastely burning, or it cannot be the British constitution.-Burke. On a Regicide Peace. Is was then, that some gallant spirits, struck with a generous indignation at the tyranny of these miscreants, blessed solemnly by the Bishop, and followed by the praises and vows of the people, sallied forth to vindicate the chastity of women, and to redress the wrongs of travellers and peaceable men. Id. Abridgement of English History. Oh! gently on thy suppliant's head, Nor circled with the vengeful band, As by the impious thou art seen. -Gray. Hymn to Adversity. A certain friend of mine lately chastised his son, in my presence, for being somewhat too expensive in the article of dogs and horses. - Melmoth. Pliny, b. ix. Let. 9. Upon our complaint to one of them, of a theft that had been committed on board the ship by a man that came with him, he gave him several blows and kicks, which the other received as the chastisement of authority, against which no resistance was to be made, and which he had no right to resent. Cook. Voyage, vol. ii. b. ii. c. 10. If the enemy you have to deal with should appear, as France now appears, under the very name and title of the deliverer of the poor, and the chastiser of the rich, the former class would readily become, not an indifferent spectator of the war, but would be ready to enlist in the faction of the enemy. -Burke. Obser. on the Conduct of the Minority. "Fr. Caqueter, to tattle, babble, prattle, prate, use many words," (Cotgrave.) Dut. Kouten, fabulari, nugari, sermocinari, serere sermones, miscere verba. The CHAT, v. CHAT, п. CHATTY. CHA'TTER, v. CHA'TTER, n. CHATTERER. CHATTERING, n. Dut. Citteren, tremere; Eng. Chytter, and the Ger. Zittern, to chatter, are all, says Skinner, formed from the sound, which those who shiver make with their teeth. To chatter, as birds do, he considers also from the sound; probably from the resemblance of their noise, to that made by the teeth. Chat, however, seems formed from the past part. Chawed, chaw'd, chaut, chat: we still use jaw, i. e. chaw, for talk, in vulgar language: Hold your jaw. Chatter is the dim. of chat. Chat is small talk, easy, careless prattle. Chatty, too familiar to be common in writing. And yf he chide other chatere. hym chyvyth the worse. Piers Plouhman, p. 268. The erldom of envye. and yre he hym graunteth Wt the castell of thefte. and chatering out of reson. They mow wel chateren, as don thise iayes. Id. Ib. p. 28. Chaucer. The Chanones Yemannes Tale, v. 16,865. But whan the wodde is woxen grene, And comen is the sommer tide, Then fleeth she forth, and ginneth to chide, And chetereth out in her langage, What false hede is in mariage. Gower. Con. A. b. v. But yet whan he hire tonge reste, A litell part thereof he lefte But she withall no worde maie sowne But chitre, as a byrde iargowne. Id. Ib. Birds of the aire, perceiuing their young ones taken from their neast, chitter for a while in trees thereabout, and straight after they flye abroade and make no more adoe. Wilson. The Arte of Rhetorike, p. 78. But this sophism haue I writte to stop the chatterynge mouthes of the sophisters and to cast them a bone to gnaw vpon.-Frith. Works, p. 27. They should vnderstand then, that when the men called the mery conceited, they ment they were bablers and chat terers. Vives. Instruction of a Christian Woman, b.i. c. 16 He pratlyng thus, a frende of mine, With seeley shepheardes swayne, Come downe, and learne the little what, That Thomalin can sayne. Spenser. Shepherd's Calendar. July. Yea, blessed be the Lord, who hath added this unto the load of his other mercies to his unwoorthie servant, that the same tongue, which was called, not long since, to chatter out our publike mournings, in the solemne fast of this place, is now imployed in a song of praise. Bp. Hall. Sermons, Ps. Ixviii. 19, 20. He staid and trembled, and his teeth did chatter in his head.-Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. x. p. 138. The ape and monkey such a chattering keep Drayton. Noah's Flood. They who by riches nought save pleasure sought, O what huge hosts even more than can be thought, Stirling. Domes-day. The seventh Houre. By thoughts, I meane those talkings of our mindes with the things wee know, as the Scripture calls it (Prov. vi. 22,) those same parleys, enterviews, chattings, the minde hath with the things wee feare, with the things wee love. Goodwin. The Vanitie of Thoughts. Therle of Salisbury was taken prisoner with the Erle of Suffolke, before Lyle in Flanders, as ye haue harde before, and was in prison as then in the chatclot of Parys. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 76. Then therle of Mountfort entred into the castell with certayne nombre, and received the feaultie of all the men of that chatelayne. Id. Ib. vol. i. c 65. The town and chatellanies of this barrier always maintained their garrisons when they were in the hands of France. Swift. On the Barrier Treaty. CHATELLS. Fr. Cateud; Dut. Chattels, bona mobilia, and Cattle, pecus, are called by the same name, Kateylen, kateelen. See CATTLE. Spelman says All goods movable or immovable. See the quotation from Blackstone. Ich gou myd me at holde, and in grete richesse gou do Of giftes, and of chatews, and of londes al so. R. Gloucester, p. 113. Chattels, Sir Edward Coke says, is a French word, signifying goods. The appellation is in truth derived from the technical Latin, catalla; which primarily signified only beasts of husbandry, or (as we still call them) cattle, but in its secondary sense was applied to all moveables in general. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 24. A.S. Ceowan, ceowian, mandere, mandicare; Dut. Kauwen; Ger. Kauwen, (which Wachter thinks is from KE-ειν, scindere.) Chaw, the noun, is now writ The saide officer or officers shall haue further power and authoritie for the default of payment, or for disobedience in this behalfe (if neede be) to set hands and arrest as well the bodie and bodies, as the goods and chattels of such offender and offenders, & transgressers, in euery place and places not franchised.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. 1. p. 271. → CHAW, or To chaw, or chew, is to compress, to crush, to grind with the jaws. But first he cheweth grein and licorise, To smellen sote. -Chaucer. Miller's Tale, v. 3690. Thus thoughtful as I lay, I sawe my withered skin, And eke my totheless chaps, the gates of my right way, The trampling steed with gold and purple trapt, Id. Virgile. Æneis, b. iv. Hee called for a mirror, and commanded the haire of his head to bee combed and trimmed; his chawes also readie for weakenesse to hang or fall, to be composed and set straight.-Id. Suetonius, p. 84. They use to seeth or stew it betweene two platters with salt and grease, wherewith they make a liniment or ointment to take down the swelling of the chaws and the nape of the necke. Id. Plinie, b. xxiii. c. 2. I wyl put an hoke in thy chawes, and hange al the fyshe in thy waters vpon thy scales. Bible, 1551. Ezechiel, c. 29. CHA/WCERS. In MS. version, preserved in the library of Bennet College, Calceamentorum, (Mark i. 7,) is rendered of his Chawcers. And he prechyde sayande, a stalworther thane I schal come eftar me, of whom I am not worthi downfallande or knelande to louse the thwonge of his chawcers. Lewis. English Translations of the Bible. CHAWME. Chawmes appears to be merely chasms. See CHASM. Sherwood gives Chawne the verb, Chawne the noun, and Chawned the verb adjectived. Cotgrave, in v. Fender, has "full of choanes." Chawn is perhaps from the A. S. Geonan, hiare, oscitare, to yawn, to gape. CHEAP, v. CHE APNESS. "Good-cheap or bad- were formerly the modes of expression. The mo- To cheap or cheapen, is to buy or bargain (subaud.) well; to buy at a low price; at a lower price than first asked; to lower the price or value, to bid or offer a lower price than asked. Cheaping the place for buying and selling: By that yt neihed harvest. and newe corne com to chipynge. And fro thenns whanne britheren hadden herd thei camen to us to the cheping of Appius, and to the three tauernys. And if that she be foule, thou sayst, that she But man can loke before they leape, And be at price for euery ware, And penniworths cast to bye good cheape; And in eche thing have eye and care. Uncertaine Auctors. An old Louer to a young Gentlewoman He, that is so respectlesse in his courses, Ost sells his reputation, at cheape market. B. Jonson. Every Man in his Humour, Act i. sc. 1 If there be love Tis shew'd ye by so dark a light, to bear out The bracks and old stains in it, that ye may purchase French velvet better cheap. Beaum. & Fletch. Love's Pilgrimage, Act ii. sc. 3. - Thus saying rose The monarch, and prevented all reply, Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii. Bold was the wretch that cheapen'd thee; Is to be counted simony. Cowley. Love & Life. And not only this, but most silk countries are stockt with great multitudes of poor people, who work cheap and live meanly on a little rice; which if not very cheap as it coinmonly is here, the poor people are not able to maintain themselves. Dampier. Voyages, an. 1688. The cause of this great cheapness of corn seems to be not so much a cause (q. course) of plentiful and seasonable years, as the general peace that has been in Europe since the year 59, or 60; by which so many men and so much land have turned to husbandry, that were before employ'd in wars, or lay wasted by them in all the frontier provinces. Sir W. Temple. On the United Provinces, c. 6. Harley, the nation's great support, Swift. Horace, b. i. Ep. 7. She that has once demanded a settlement has allowed the importance of fortune: and when she cannot show pecu niary merit, why should she think her cheapener obliged to purchase?-Rambler, No. 75. Now they devote their treasure to the seas; Young. Last Day, b. ii. Whatever is found to gratify the publick, will be multiplied by the emulation of venders beyond necessity or use. This plenty, indeed, produces cheapness, but cheapness al ways ends in negligence and deprivation. Idler, No. 7 |