*

with two or three. The question being about single communion, to wit, whether one man might receive the communion alone, Dr. Harding allegeth the example of holy Serapion, within the compass of the years prescribed by Mr. Jewell, and of that example inferred, that for so much as by that example it was evidently lawful in those days to communicate alone, there was private or single communion at that time; but Mr. Jewell maketh his adversary to speak in these words: Serapion's boy, saith he, ministered the sacrament to his master; ergo, Serapion's boy said private mass. Whereas Mr. Harding reasoneth not so, but only that there was private or single communion used, as lawful in those days, whether it were at mass, private or public, or without mass, as the use is also at this day, and consequently Mr. Jewell abuseth much Dr. Harding's argument.

15. A little after that again is handled the matter of Christ's communicating his two disciples at Emmaus under one kind, whereof Dr. Harding's words are these: And as soon as they knew him in breaking of the bread he vanished away from their sight, ere he took the cup into his hands; which words Mr. Jewell wilfully perverting, crieth out, saying: Oh what miserable straits these men be driven unto, to make up their tale! they are glad to say that Christ lacked leisure. But Christ (saith Dr. Harding)§ straightway vanished from their sight upon the breaking of the bread, and therefore had no leisure to deliver the other portion. So he; which is a great abuse of Dr. Harding's words, as we see: for that he hath not, that Christ lacked leisure, or was in haste, &c., but that this is odiously put in by Mr. Jewell.

16. In like manner, Dr. Harding, alleging an example out of the Ecclesiastical History, that one Simeon lying sick and feeble, and demanding to be houseled, or to receive the communion, the arch-priest Bassus washed his mouth first, "which had not been needful," saith Mr. Harding, "if he should have received the holy cup." This speech Mr. Jewell draweth to an argument in these

*Rastall, f. 127.

小 Rastall, f. 130.

+

† Jewell's Reply, f. 46.

§ Jewell, p. 127.

words: The sick man's mouth was dry; ergo, he could not receive the cup: who would make such reasons, but Mr. Harding? Whereto Mr. Rastall answereth, "that any man may make them, if they be feigned and devised in his name, as these are by Mr. Jewell against Dr. Harding."

17. A long and grievous complaint is made by Mr. Jewell against Dr. Harding, for that he having alleged many authorities of ancient fathers, as St. Jerome, St. Basil, St. Chrysostom, Arnobius, Ambrose, Augustine, and others, all was answered only, as he saith, with these words: What then? Whereupon he amplifieth greatly this matter, saying: Thinketh Mr. Harding that the authorities of so many holy fathers is so light as that he is able to blow them all away with these two vain syllables-What then? But to this is answered that immediately after what then? ensue, in Mr. Harding, these words: No man denieth you this (which you prove out of the fathers) and if Mr. Jewell had not guiltily cut off these words, he had had no matter to expostulate or amplify upon for the cause was, that Mr. Jewell's alleging many fathers and authorities to prove that which Mr. Harding denieth not (according to the use of his former common-places), Mr. Harding answered him, as Mr. Rastall relateth, What then? no man denieth this: that which you go about to prove.

18. Again, Mr. Harding, writing of the Latin service, saith: “If our new masters will condemn the Latin service in the Latin Church, for that the unlearned people understand it not, then they must also condemn, for a great part, the English service, which the common people, for the greatest part of the Scriptures read therein, do not understand." But this argument of Mr. Harding is thus related by Mr. Jewell: Mr. Harding saith that the people is gross and simple, and cannot understand the Scriptures by hearing the same in the mother tongue; ergo, they must hear it pronounced in the Latin tongue: this seemeth to be a very simple argument. So he. And so it is indeed, by the fraud of the propounder. But if it had been pro

* Jewell, p. 134.

† Jewell's Reply, p. 214.

pounded simply as it lieth in Mr. Harding, it would not have appeared so simple, saith Mr. Rastall.*

19. Again, Mr. Harding, writing of the necessity of one visible and sensible head over the Church, which is one visible and sensible body, saith thus: "That mankind dependeth most of sense, and receiveth all learning and instruction of sensible things; therefore, notwithstanding Christ be the chief head, yet because he liveth not visible amongst us, the Church hath need of some man to be his governor, whom she may perceive by outward sense, whether it be the Bishop of Rome, or whosoever." This argument Mr. Jewell relateth thus:† Mr. Harding saith that mankind dependeth most of sense; ergo, the Pope is head of the Universal Church: here is a very unsensible argument (saith Mr. Jewell), nor sense, nor reason can make it good. Whereto is replied by Mr. Rastall, that a little truth and honesty in the relator would have made it good enough, if it had been related as Mr. Harding left it. And these examples shall be sufficient for this sleight of wilfully perverting his adversary's words and meaning. 20. The other that followeth, of shifting off Examples of the second sleight by scoffs the allegations or authorities that in scoffing. otherwise he cannot answer, have many examples also alleged by Mr. Rastall, as namely, for example, fol. 142 of his book, entitled, "Beware of Mr. Jewell." First, whereas Dr. Harding had alleged the authority of Amphilochius, Bishop of Iconium, concerning the life and miracles of St. Basil, and Mr. Jewell would seem to call the same in doubt; Mr. Harding, coming to prove the same, allegeth, among other things, that this treatise is to be seen in the library of St. Nazarius, in the city of Verona, in Italy, written in vellum (or parchment), for three hundred years past, bearing the name of Amphilochius, Bishop of Iconium. To this Mr. Jewell answereth in these words: A calf's skin is no sufficient warrant of truth.S

The second example.

21. Again, Mr. Harding reciting an example out of Venerable Bede, of one Cedmon, a devout man, that made songs (saith Bede) containing matter * Rastall, f. 137. † Jewell, p. 257. Rastall, f. 159. § Jewell, p. 36.

of the Holy Scripture, with such exceeding sweetness, and with such a grace, that many feeling their hearts compunct, and pricked with hearing and reading of them, withdrew themselves from the love of the world. Which words of Venerable Bede being alleged by Dr. Harding, Mr. Jewell answereth thus: I little thought Mr. Harding would not so much have bewrayed his want, as to prove this matter by pipers and poets.*

22. Moreover, Dr. Harding, treating of sole The third excommunion, and that it was not against ample. Christ's institution to receive alone, when there is no company, he putteth the case, if in time of some great sickness, four or five in their beds should desire to receive, and that neither the priest were able, nor others willing to communicate with them, may not these (saith he) receive severally? To which demand Mr. Jewell answereth thus: Alas! must Mr. Harding leave all the old doctors and holy fathers, and beg at death's door to get somewhat to help his mass? Whereto is replied, that, besides the scoff, there is a manifest falsehood; for that this example is not brought in to prove the mass, but single communion

* Jewell, p. 189. Rastall, f. 149. [The reader will be better able to appreciate the unseemliness of this scoff after reading the following extract from Venerable Bede. "Cedmon was wont to make pious and religious verses, so that whatever was interpreted to him out of Scripture, he soon after put the same into poetical expressions of much sweetness and humility in English, which was his native language. Others after him attempted, in the English nation, to compose religious poems, but none could ever compare with him, for he did not learn the art of poetry from men but from God; for which reason he never would compose any trivial or vain poem, but only those which relate to religion suited his religious tongue. He

sang the creation of the world, the origin of man, and all the history of Genesis, and made many verses on the departure of the Children of Israel out of Egypt, &c. the incarnation, passion, resurrection of our Lord, and his ascension into heaven; the coming of the Holy Ghost, and the preaching of the apostles; also the terror of future judgment, the horror of the pains of hell, and the delights of heaven, &c."-One word on the death of this just man, so circumstantially narrated by the same venerable writer. "As he had served God with a simple and pure mind, and undisturbed devotion, so he now departed to his presence, leaving the world by a quiet death; and that tongue which had composed so many holy words in praise of the Creator, uttered its last words whilst he was in the act of signing himself with the cross, and recommending himself into his hands."-Bede, Eccl. Hist. iv. 24, Giles's edition.]

The fourth ex ample.

sometimes to be lawful and necessary. And whereas Mr. Harding allegeth the ancient holy father, St. Basil, reporting that they which lived in mountains, wildernesses, and in Egypt, had the communion at home, and kept it with themselves, and received it privately, &c., Mr. Jewell answereth thus: Verily if Mr. Harding could find any thing in the Church, he would not thus hunt the mountains, neither would he fly for aid into Egypt, if he could find any near at home.*

23. Again, Mr. Harding having proved, out of the testimony of Leontius, Bishop of Cyprus, that John, the holy patriarch of Alexandria, said mass, and received alone;+ Mr. Jewell answereth thus: A strait case for Mr. Harding to run to Alexandria, a thousand miles beyond all Christendom, to seek his mass, and that not in open church neither, but in private oratories. Whereto is replied, that Alexandria at that time was also Christian, and that the patriarch thereof being a famous holy man, his saying mass, and receiving alone in his oratory, which is here granted, proveth that the thing was not held unlawful, or contrary to Christ's institution, in those days. So as the strait case seemeth to fall out on Mr. Jewell's side, not being able otherwise to solve the argument than by this scoff of running beyond all Christendom.

The fifth ex ample.

Examples of the

dissembling his adversary's

24. For the other sleight of dissembling to third sleight in understand his adversary's meaning, and coming in afterward with a But you will say, &c., meaning. one or two examples shall suffice. Dr. Harding having to treat of private mass, and sole receiving, for impugning the first article of Mr. Jewell's challenge, thought best first to establish, by manifold testimonies of the fathers, that there was a mass, and external sacrifice of the New Testament, to be believed of Christians; meaning afterward to pass to the proper question of private mass, and sole receiving; and therefore alleged almost all the rank of the ancient fathers to prove that there is an external sacrifice, appointed by Christ to be used in the * Jewell, p. 138. Rastall, f. 143.